REVISED EDITION

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First Published in 2018

Revised Edition 2020

ISBN: 978-93-89519-68-6

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Director Learning Solutions: Sutapa Basu
Associate Vice President: Arani Banerjee
Senior Editor: Divya Chandhok

Published by Sarvesh Shrivastava, Managing Director, Proficiency Learning Solutions Private Limited

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Eupheus Learning is the registered trademark of Proficiency Learning Solutions Private Limited.
All rights reserved.
PRE FAC E
Knowing grammar is the first step towards discovering how language makes meaning.
The teaching of grammar must, therefore, focus on form and meaning simultaneously.
It must be done by making inputs realistic and comprehensible with focus on the learner as the
centre of the teaching–learning experience.
Practice exercises must be as close to the learner’s personal context as possible. The goal
of grammar instruction must be autonomous production of language by the learner.

WOW! Grammar & Composition brings together structural and functional grammar through systematic practice
and fun activities. Ideal for young learners in the early stages of English language learning, the series is based on
a unique curriculum design that recycles grammar points at every level and builds on previous understanding.
This spiralling curriculum design eases the learning curve and helps students negotiate new grammar topics
from familiar premises. The material has been thoroughly class tested and piloted by some of the best curriculum
teachers.

FEATU R E S OF THE SERI ES :

• Exhaustive practice and revision through engagingly varied task types

• Each topic is presented through real-life contexts

• Colourful boxes and tables make remembering grammar forms and rules easier

• Contextualized grammar drills seamlessly move learners from presentation and noticing tasks to
speaking and writing-based tasks

• Students also practice grammar through lively, highly illustrated games along with oral and writing
activities

• Practice in reading comprehension and guided writing tasks (mapped to major curriculums) integrate
grammar with real-life language skills

• The teacher resource packs contain lesson plans, answer keys, worksheets, and revision tests for each
level, and listening texts

Available as Digital Supplement

• Interactive E-book with concept animations

• Revision Tests (printable PDFs)

• Practice of grammar through listening and speaking tasks

 Contents
1= Alphabetical Order 1

2 Sentences 6

3 Plural s and Possessive ’s; Of 10

4 Kinds of Sentences 15

5 Negative Sentences 19

6 Questions 24

7 Nouns 28

8 Adjectives 36

9 Articles 40

100 Verbs 47

11 Pronouns 52

12 Present Tense 58

13 Past Tense 66

14 The Future 71

15 Can, May, Should, Must 75

16 Subject–Verb Agreement 80

17 Adverbs 89

18 Degrees of Comparison 94

19 Conjunctions 101

20 Vocabulary 105

210 Comprehension 117

22 Composition 122
 Alphabetical
1 Order

Read these words.

butterfly camel dinosaur

These words are arranged in the alphabetical order. This means the first letters of these words
are placed in the order in which they appear in the English alphabet:
a, b, c, d …

The order in which the letters a to z appear is known as the alphabetical order of letters.

1. Arrange these words in the alphabetical order.

a) football cricket basketball hockey

___________________________ ___________________________ ___________________________ __________________________

b) mouse keyboard screen printer

___________________________ ___________________________ ___________________________ __________________________

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c) octopus walrus crab dolphin

___________________________ ___________________________ ___________________________ __________________________

d) tulip lotus orchid jasmine

___________________________ ___________________________ ___________________________ __________________________

Read these words.

parrot peacock pigeon

These words have the same first letter. To arrange these words in the alphabetical order, we look
at their second letters.
Similarly, if a group of words has the same first and second letters, we look at their third letter to
arrange them alphabetically.
Examples:

cake candle car

2. Arrange these words in the alphabetical order.

a) drum deer doll dish

___________________________ ___________________________ ___________________________ __________________________

2
b) school student soldier spider
___________________________ ___________________________ ___________________________ __________________________

c) reason receive regular recover

___________________________ ___________________________ ___________________________ __________________________

d) metal metre metro method

___________________________ ___________________________ ___________________________ __________________________

e) grocery growth growl group

___________________________ ___________________________ ___________________________ __________________________

Arranging words in the alphabetical order makes finding them in a long list easy. Words in a
dictionary, telephone directory, or an encyclopedia are arranged in the alphabetical order.

3. Look at these pairs of words. They are the first and the last words of a few dictionary pages.
Choose the word that will appear between each pair in a dictionary. One has been done
for you.

a) poem pot pool play pear

b) broom button ball bicycle brush

c) net nut nail nose neck

d) apple arrow axe award arm

3
4. R
 ead the pairs of words given below. Use a dictionary and write two other words that will
appear between each pair. One has been done for you.

a) poem pot b) fish friend

i) poke
___________________________ i) ___________________________

ii) pond
___________________________ ii) ___________________________

c) broom button d) mango morning

i) ___________________________ i) ___________________________

ii) ___________________________ ii) ___________________________

e) net nut f) snow soap

i) ___________________________ i) ___________________________

ii) ___________________________ ii) ___________________________

g) apple arrow h) lake lamp

i) ___________________________ i) ___________________________

ii) ___________________________ ii) ___________________________

Vowels and consonants

The letters a, e, i, o, and u are vowels. All the other letters are consonants.

Look at these letters.

• pzzl • dctr • sndwch

These letters are consonants. We cannot form words with consonants alone.

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Now read the same letters with vowels.

puzzle doctor sandwich

Vowels help us form words.

Special letters
Some words can be formed without using vowels. They use the letter y.
Examples:
• gym • sky • my • fly • cry

Some words begin with the letter h but the h is not pronounced.
Examples:
• heir • honour • honest • hour

5. Write three words that have:

a) the vowels a or e.

i) ____________________________ ii) ____________________________ iii) ____________________________

b) the vowel i.

i) ____________________________ ii) ____________________________ iii) ____________________________

c) the vowel o.

i) ____________________________ ii) ____________________________ iii) ____________________________

d) the vowel u.

i) ____________________________ ii) ____________________________ iii) ____________________________

6. Write three words that do not have any vowels.

a) ____________________________ b) ____________________________ c) ____________________________

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 2 Sentences

Let us look at a group of words arranged in two ways.

detective mystery the solved The .
This is just a group of words. They do not make sense.

Now read this group of words.

The detective solved the mystery.

This is a sentence. It has a meaning.

A sentence is a group of words that makes complete sense. A sentence always begins with
a capital letter, and ends with a full stop or a question mark. It always has a verb.

Examples:
Statement: I don’t think it will rain.
Question: Do you think it will rain?

1. R
 earrange these groups of words to form meaningful sentences. Add a capital letter
wherever necessary.

a) cat chase ? dog did the the

____________________________________________________________________________________________

b) me hungry home cat the . followed

____________________________________________________________________________________________

c) hair . wearing is ribbon a her she blue in

____________________________________________________________________________________________
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d) you have ? seen brother my

____________________________________________________________________________________________

e) sleepy a baby took nap . the

____________________________________________________________________________________________

Comma
When we write a list of three or more things in a sentence, we put a comma (,) after each
item in the list, except the last one.

Example:

• I go to dance class on Tuesday,

Thursday, and Saturday.

2. Place commas in the correct places.

a) My sister is good at singing dancing painting and cooking.

b) I had a sandwich an apple and some cookies for lunch.

c) We visited an animal farm. We saw rabbits horses sheep and ducks.

I helped mother clean the carpet wash the dishes and take out
d) 
the garbage.

Mary went to the store bought groceries and took them to her
e) 
grandmother.

We place a comma before and, but, and or when a sentence expresses two separate thoughts.
However, we do not place a comma before and, but, and or when a sentence expresses a single
thought.

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Examples:

TWO THOUGHTS ONE THOUGHT

I like noodles, and I eat it every Sunday. I like noodles and pasta.

Emma works very hard, but Betty is lazy. The food is cheap but delicious.

My mother can drive us, or we can take a taxi. Do you want to walk or drive?

3. Read these sentences. Place a comma wherever needed.

a) Jamie and Johnny are best friends.

b) Those brownies were tasty and everyone enjoyed them.

c) Molly read the article but she did not agree with the author.

d) Should we serve tea or coffee to the guests?

e) Do you want juice or should I get you a glass of water?

Sentence fragments
Read these groups of words.

• The best artist in school

• Walking in the park

Although not complete sentences, these groups of words carry some meaning. They are
called sentence fragments.

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4. Read these words. Write S if it is a complete sentence and F if it is a sentence fragment.

a) Rained all night ____ b) I went on a vacation ____

c) Shared her lunch ____ d) Ray wanted ice cream ____

5. Add a few words of your own to turn these sentence fragments into complete sentences.
The pictures will help you. One has been done for you.

a) Jumped into the pool

_______The
______frog jumped into the pool.
_______________________________________________________________________________

b) A sweet little girl

____________________________________________________________________________________________

c) The big green tree

____________________________________________________________________________________________

d) In front of the house

____________________________________________________________________________________________

6. Work in pairs. Use the words given below to make sentences of your own. Leave out the
full stops, question marks, commas, and capital letters. Exchange your notebooks and
punctuate your partner’s sentences.

beautiful | family | friends | school | beach | favourite

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
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 Plural s and
3 Possessive’ s, Of

Here’s your food,

guys! Harry’s sandwich,
Beth’s salad and Lucy’s
apple pie.

Here are the girls’

Thanks, Ma’am milkshakes.

Look and learn.

Possessive ‘s (for people and animals)

Singular • This is Harry’s sandwich.

• That’s Beth’s salad.
Plural Nouns that end in -s: Nouns that do not end in -s
Here are the girls’ milkshakes. What are the children’s names?

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 Using of (for things)

What’s the name of that street?

What colour are the walls of the house?

Possessive ‘s: singular

• We use ‘s or ‘ to show that something belongs to a person or animal.

Examples:
• Cosmo’s basket • my parents’ room
• We add an apostrophe + -s (‘s) after a name (Peter’s) or a singular noun (the cat’s).
Examples:
• Peter’s sister • the cat’s tail
• When a name ends in -s, we often just add an apostrophe, or the apostrophe + -s (‘s).
Examples:
• Charles’ sister OR Charles’s sister
Examples:

Possessive ‘s: plural

• For plural nouns that end in -s, we just add an apostrophe (without the -s).
Examples:
• my friends’ house • the boys’ names

1. Complete the sentences. One has been done for you.

a) __Harry’s
_____________ computer is very good. (Harry)
b) Is _______________ birthday in July? (Helen)
c) Viv is my _______________ best friend. (sister)
d) _______________ violin is on her bed. (Lucy)
e) _______________ favourite food is fish fingers. (Cosmo)
f) That isn’t _______________ ball! That’s my ball! (David)
g) That _______________ mum is a teacher. (boy)
h) Where is _______________ bowl? (Bella)

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2. Complete with ‘s or ‘.
a) Chris _______________ brother is a teacher.
b) I like Anne _______________ dress, but I don’t like James ______ T-shirt.
c) The girls _______________ shoes are under the bed.
d) My cousin _______________ CDs are on the desk.
e) Do you know Stella _______________ grandmother?
f) Sens _______________ house has got a lovely garden.
g) Jaideep _______________ bicycle is red.

• If a plural noun does not end in -s, we add an apostrophe + -s (’s).

Example:
the children’s toys
• When we talk about something that belongs to two or more people, we add ’s after the last
name only.
Example:
Fred and Sarah’s house ✓
NOT
Fred’s and Sarah’s house ×
• When we talk about something that does not belong to a person or animal, but is
part of another thing, we do not use ‘s. We usually use a phrase with of. We say:
the walls of the house (NOT the house’s walls)
the top of the mountain (NOT the mountain’s top)

3. Complete the sentences. Use the words in the brackets and ’s.
a) _______________ mum is a teacher. (Robert and Sophie)

b) The _______________ room is on the left. (children)

c) Who is your _______________friend? (aunt)

d) My _______________ car is red. (parents)

e) I’ve got _______________ book. (Marie and Tess)

f) We saw the _________ father at the market. (girls)

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4. Correct the sentences. Put the apostrophe in the correct place.
a) My grandparents house is in the country
b) My friends names are Ashwini and Anamika.
c) The childrens books are at school.
d) Those mens pictures are in the newspaper!
e) Sushil and Davids racquets are in the wardrobe.
f) Charles eyes are green.
g) My dog’s name’s Bono.

5. Write the answers. Follow the example.

a) A: Is this our bag? B: No, _________________
it’s ..Tony’s (Tony)

b) A: Are these our books? B: No, _________________ (Mrs Cooper)

c) A: Is that our pencil? B: No, _________________ (Raj)

d) A: Are these our glasses? B: No, _________________ (our neighbours)

e) A: Is that our desk? B: No, _________________ (Anita and Shalini)

f) A: Are these our keys? B: No, _________________ (Mr Peters)

6. Complete the questions with of or ’s.

a) name of your
What’s the _______________ street
_______________? (name / your street)

b) What’s _______________? (your teacher / name)

c) What colour are the _______________? (walls / your room)

d) What colour’s _______________? (your dad / hair)

e) What’s the _______________? (capital / France)

f) What’s _______________? (your sister / favourite music)

g) Where’s _______________? (the cat / food)

h) How old is _______________? (your friend / brother)

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 Remember
• This is Amy’s computer. (‘s = possessive’s)
• Amy’s clever. (‘s = is)
Also, we must not confuse between the possessive’s and plural s.
Example:
• The boys drank juice after the match.
• The boys’ team from Midnapore won the match.

7. Complete the sentences using the correct form of the words in the brackets.

a) _________________ flat has been broken into. (Our friend)

b) Is that _________________ bag? (Shalini)

c) My _________________ have thrown a party for me. (friends)

d) _________________ had entered our house. (Burglars)

e) The _________________ show was cancelled. (singer)

f) _________________ is a bigger house. (Their)

g) _________________ a better student than I am. (She)

h) _________________ books are with me. (Faizan and Ravi)

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 142 A,
Kinds
An, of
TheSentences

Read this conversation.

Teacher: Did you read the book I gave you?

Sam: I just finished reading it.
Teacher: Did you like it?
Sam: Yes, I loved it.
Teacher: Kate, you must read this book too. Sam, please pass the book to her.

There are three kinds of sentences in this conversation.

Interrogative sentences
• Did you read the book I gave you? • Did you like it?

Interrogative sentences ask questions and always end with a question mark.

Assertive sentences
• I just finished reading it. • Yes, I loved it.

Assertive sentences state or tell us something. They always end with a full stop.

Imperative sentences
• Kate, you must read this book too. • Sam, please pass the book to her.

Imperative sentences give an order or make a request.

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1. What kind of sentences are these? Tick (✓) the correct option.
a) We learned about a new country in class today.

i) Imperative ii) Assertive

b) Share your toys with your brother.

i) Imperative ii) Assertive

c) Penny can speak four languages.

i) Imperative ii) Assertive

d) I have finished my homework.

i) Imperative ii) Assertive

e) He is the leader of the group.

i) Imperative ii) Assertive

f) Get into the car right away.

i) Imperative ii) Assertive

2. Complete these sentences. Place a full stop (.) or a question mark (?) at the end. One has
been done for you.

a) comic books.
I like to read ____________________________

b) Katy loves going to ____________________________

c) Where is your ____________________________

d) Please pass me the ____________________________

e) Have you seen ____________________________

f) Don’t be late for ____________________________

g) Dogs like to ____________________________

h) Switch off the TV and ____________________________

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Now write the correct sentence numbers in the table. One has been done for you.

ASSERTIVE INTERROGATIVE IMPERATIVE

Positive and negative sentences

Sentences can be positive or negative.
Examples:
Positive: Our team played well yesterday.
Negative: Our team did not play well yesterday.
Positive: There were lots of cars on the road.
Negative: There were no people on the road.

Positive sentences are also called affirmative sentences.

Positive sentences end with a full stop. Positive sentences do not have the words
no or not in them.
Negative sentences have the words no or not in them.

Look at the table below.

POSITIVE NEGATIVE

is is not (isn’t)

has has not (hasn’t)

have have not (haven’t)

are are not (aren’t)

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 do do not (don’t)

can cannot (can’t)

could could not (couldn’t)

The table above shows us the negative form of some words.

3. Write P for positive and N for negative sentences.

a) Pete wants to talk to Ann. ____

b) I practice playing the violin every morning. ____

c) There are no jobs for you right now. ____

d) Alice works for a car company. ____

e) She does not like to sing for an audience. ____

f) My brother knows a few magic tricks. ____

4. Pick up any storybook and find one example of each kind of sentence. Write them below.
a) Assertive b) Imperative

_________________________________________________ _________________________________________________

c) Interrogative d) Affirmative

_________________________________________________ _________________________________________________

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