*Understanding Culture, Society and Politics Content and process comprise the work of this

1st Semester S.Y. 2023-2024 undertaking. How parents assign chores or tell their
WEEK 5 children to interact with police are examples of content
and process, which are also defined by the span of
BECOMING MEMBER OF THE SOCIETY socialization, the methods used, the people involved, and
the type of experience.
Socialization is a form of interaction by which people
acquire personality and learn the way of life of their Results are the outcome of socialization and refer to the
society. It is considered the essential link between the way a person conceives and conducts after undergoing
individual and society. In fact, socialization allows the this process. For example, with small children,
individual to learn the norms, values, languages, skills, socialization exhibits focus on control of biological and
beliefs, and other patterns of thought and action that are emotional impulses, such as drinking eating with bare
essential for social living. (Robertson, 1987:115) hands rather than eating with spoon and fork or asking
permission before picking something up.
Socialization is a process that introduces people to social
norms and customs. This process helps individuals Agents of Socialization
function well in society, and, in turn, helps society run 1. Familly
smoothly. Family members, teachers, religious leaders, 2. School
and peers all play roles in a person's socialization. 3. Peer group

Socialization concerns both social structure and Charles Horton Cooley introduced the looking-glass self
interpersonal relations. It contains three key parts: (1902) to describe how a person’s self of self grows out of
context, content and process. interactions with others, and he proposed a threefold
process for this development: 1) we see how others react
Auguste Comte -invented sociology in 1842, by bringing to us, 2) we interpret that reaction (typically as positive or
together the Greek word socius and Latin word logo. negative) and 3) we develop a sense of self based on those
interpretations. “Looking-glass” is an archaic term for a
Emile Durkheim-French sociologist who put forward the idea mirror, so Cooley theorized that we “see” ourselves when
that individuals are more products rather than creator of the we interact with others.
society.
Forms of Social Group
Aristotle – regarded Political science as supreme of all -Groups are formed as an assemblage of people who
sciences. often interact with each other on the basis of a common
Baron de Montesquieu – the separation of power to avoid outlook concerning behavior and a sense of common
tyranny. identity. A social group may consist of two or more
Sociology: A Global Perspective –book by Joan Ferrante individuals who do things together with a common goal
- There is striking difference between the people who are and interest.
able to locate their lives in history and those who are not. Three Requirements for a group
Those who cannot make the connection are unlikely to 1. There must be two or more people.
know how to respond effectively to a world in which 2. There must be interaction.
lives of people around the globe are interconnected and 3. The members must be together physically.
in which society’s problems are part of the larger global Classification of groups
problems. A. Primary Groups
 personal and intimate relationship
Context refers to the culture, language, social structures  face to face communication
and one’s position within that particular society. It also  permanence duration
includes history and the roles people and institutions
 a strong sense of loyalty or “we” feeling
around them performed in the past. One's life context will
 small in size - informal structure
significantly affect the socialization process. For example,
a family's economic class may have a huge impact on how  traditional or non-rational decision-making
parents associate or deal with their children. B. Secondary Groups
 Gender stereotypes also bear strong influence on  Large - impersonal, aloof relationship
socialization processes. Cultural expectations for  indirect communication
gender roles and gendered behavior are conveyed  temporary duration - weak group
to children through color-coded clothes and sorts cohesiveness based on self-interest - rational
of game. Girls usually receive toys such as dolls decision-making - formal structure
or dollhouses that stresses physical appearance GROUP BOUNDARIES
and domesticity while boys receive playthings A. IN- GROUP - group with which the individual
such as legos, toy soldiers, or race cars that identifies and which gives him sense of belonging,
involve thinking skills or manly type of sports. solidarity, camaraderie, esprit de corps, and a protective
Additionally, research has shown that girls with attitude toward the other members. - The members are
brothers are associated to understand that loyal to each other and share common norms, activities,
household labor is expected of them but not of goals and background.
their male siblings. Girls tend to be engaged in B. OUT-GROUP - viewed as outsiders by the in-group; -
doing chores without receiving a pay while their Any member of the in-group has insufficient contact with
brothers do. the members of the out-group - Members of the in-group
 Race also plays a factor in socialization. Since have feelings of strangeness, dislikes, avoidance,
white people bear a disproportionate experience antagonism, indifference and even hatred toward the out-
of police violence, they can encourage their group
children to defend and know their rights when the C. REFERENCE GROUP - Group that is significant to
authorities try to violate them. In contrast, parents us as models even though we ourselves may not be a part
of color must instruct their children to remain of the group. - Is one which an individual does not only
calm, compliant and secure in the presence of law have a high regard for but one after which he or she
enforcement.
patterns his/her life - Its central aspect is self-
identification rather than actual membership

Prepared by:

MARIA FE B. DOMINGO
UCSP TEACHER

Taboo- It is an implicit prohibition on something based

on a cultural sense that is excessively repulsive or scared
for ordinary people.
Examples
-If you are going to Singapore, you must avoid
eating in public transportation.
-Germans are very superstitious when it comes to
their birthday, you should not greet them in advance.
-In Russia, if you want to give flowers to your
girlfriend, business partner or you want to thank an
old lady, 7 flowers should be given to avoid trouble.
-In Philippines, we should not call elders or superior
by their name. (Lolo, Lola, Mam, Sir)
Taboo- It is an implicit prohibition on something based
on a cultural sense that is excessively repulsive or scared
for ordinary people.
Examples
-If you are going to Singapore, you must avoid
eating in public transportation.
-Germans are very superstitious when it comes to
their birthday, you should not greet them in advance.
-In Russia, if you want to give flowers to your
girlfriend, business partner or you want to thank an
old lady, 7 flowers should be given to avoid trouble.
-In Philippines, we should not call elders or superior
by their name. (Lolo, Lola, Mam, Sir)