Appendix E

Answers to Odd-Numbered Problems

Chapter 1
1.1 (a) −0.1038 C, (b) −0.19865 C, (c) −3.941 C, (d) −26.08 C
1.3 (a) 3t + 1 C, (b) t 2 + 5t mC, (c) 2 sin(10t + π/6) + 2 µC,
(d) −e−30t [0.16 cos 40t + 0.12 sin 40t ] C
1.5 490 µC

 25 A, 0<t <2
1.7 i = −25 A, 2<t <6
 25 A, 6<t <8
See the sketch in Fig. E.1.

i(t) A
25

0
2 4 6 8 t (s)

25

Figure E.1 For Prob. 1.7.

1.9 (a) 10 C, (b) 22.5 C, (c) 30 C

1.11 (a) 2.131 C, (b) −8.188 W
1.13 916.7 mJ
1.15 P1 = −300 W, P2 = 100 W, P3 = 200 W, P4 = −32 W, P5 = −48 W
1.17 18 V
1.19 (a) 60 W, 100 W, (b) 4 W, (c) 110 W, (d) 700 W, (h) 350 W
1.21 21.6 cents
1.23 (a) 43 kC, (b) 475.2 kJ, (c) 1.188 cents
1.25 39.6 cents
1.27 750 ks
1.29 (a) 10.4 kWh, (b) 433.3 W/h
1.31 (a) 4 A, (b) 1.852 days
1.33 13.43 × 106 J

Chapter 2
2.1 3.2 mA
2.3 20.8 µS

893
894 APPENDIX E Answers to Odd-Numbered Problems

2.5 n = 9, b = 15, l = 7
2.7 7 branches and 5 nodes
2.9 11 A, 4 A, 1 A
2.11 −4 V, −6 V, 4 V, −2 V
2.13 14 V, 22 V
2.15 4 A, 28 V
2.17 4A
2.19 −4.444 V, 98.75 W
2.21 0.1 A, 2 kV, 0.2 kW
2.23 6 V, 18 V
2.25 12 V, 3 A, 0 A, 0 V
2.27 10 V, 1 A, 4 W
2.29 3 V, 6 A
2.31 8 V, 0.2 A
2.33 12
6
2.35 (a) 0 A, (b) R, (c) R, (d) R, (e) R
11
2.37 16
2.39 (a) 12 , (b) 16
2.41 (a) 76 , (b) 54
2.43 (a) Ra = Rb = Rc = 30 , (b) Ra = 103.3 , Rb = 155 , Rc = 62
2.45 889
2.47 (a) 125 , (b) 275
2.49 0.9974 A
2.51 12.21 , 1.64 A
2.53 1.2 A
2.55 Use R1 and R2 bulbs
2.57 11 , 99
2.59 (a) 800 k , (b) 2 mW
2.61 (a) 100 mA, (b) 975.6 mA, (c) 2.44 %
2.63 45
2.65 (a) 19.9 k , (b) 20 k
2.67 (a) Four 20- resistors in parallel.
(b) One 300- resistor in series with a 1.8- resistor and a parallel
combination of two 20- resistor.
(c) Two 24-k resistors in parallel connected in series with two 56-k
resistors in parallel.
(d) A series combination of a 20- resistor, 300- resistor, 24-k
resistor and a parallel combination of two 56-k resistors.
2.69 75
2.71 38 k , 3.33 k
2.73 375 , 257.1
 APPENDIX E Answers to Odd-Numbered Problems 895

Chapter 3
3.1 9.143 V, −10.286 V, p8 = 10.45 W, p4 = 94.37 W, p2 = 52.9 W
3.3 4 A, 2 A, 1.333 A, 0.667 A, 40 V
3.5 20 V
3.7 2.778 V
3.9 −4 A
3.11 1.072 A, 2.041 A
3.13 20 V
3.15 18.86 V, 6.286 V, 13 V
3.17 10 V, 20 V, 20 V
3.19 −10.91 V, −100.36 V
3.21 20 V, 0 A
3.23 −1.344 kV, −5.6 A
3.25 2 V, 12 V, −8 V
3.27 (a) planar, redrawn as shown in Fig. E.2, (b) nonplanar

1 2

10 V + 6 3
5
4

Figure E.2 For Prob. 3.27(a).

3.29 8.727 V
3.31 3.652 V
3.33 1.188 A
3.35 −1.733 A
3.37 33.78 V, 10.67 A
3.39 20 V
3.41 1.072 A, 2.041 A
3.43 6 V, 6 V
3.45 −1.344 kV, −5.6 A
3.47 −0.3
3.49 −4 V, 2.105 A
1.25 −1 V1 3
3.51 =
−1 1. 5 V2 −1
V1 = 4 V, V2 = 2 V
896 APPENDIX E Answers to Odd-Numbered Problems
    
1.75 −0.25 −1 V1 20
3.53 −0.25 1 −0.25 V2  =  5
−1 −0.25 1.25 V3 5

12
    
6 −2 −0 i1
3.55  −2 12 −2 i2  =  −8 , 6.52 W
0 −2 7 i3 −20
9 −3 −4 0 i1 6
    
 −3 8 0 0 i2   4
3.57  −4 =
0 6 −1 i3   2
0 0 −1 2 i4 −3
3.59 −1 A, 0 A, 2 A
3.61 −3 A, 0 A, 3 A
3.63 26.667 V, 6.667 V, 173.3 V, −46.67 V
3.65 See Fig. E.3; −12.5 V

1 20 2 70 3

20 V + 50 2A 30

Figure E.3 For Prob. 3.65.

3.67 −0.187 V
3.69 −80
3.71 5.23 V
3.73 12.296 µA, 5.791 V

Chapter 4
4.1 0.1, 1 A
4.3 (a) 0.5 V, 0.5 A, (b) 5 V, 5 A, (c) 5 V, 0.5 A
4.5 4.5 V
4.7 −1.32 A, 17.43 W
4.9 3A
4.11 8V
4.13 0.1111 A
4.15 −0.1176 A
4.17 3A
4.19 0.555 A
4.21 −8.57 V
4.23 0.1111 A
4.25 3.652 V
 APPENDIX E Answers to Odd-Numbered Problems 897

4.27 (a) 8 , 16 V, (b) 20 , 50 V

4.29 −0.125 V
4.31 2.5 ,6V
4.33 10 , 10 V
4.35 (a) 3.857 , 4 V, (b) 3.214 , 15 V
4.37 (a) 8 , 2 A, (b) 20 , 2.5 A
4.39 28 , 3.286 A
4.41 (a) 2 , 7A, (b) 1.5 , 12.67 A
4.43 3 , 1A
4.45 1.875 A
R2 [R1 (1 + β)R2 ]
4.47 −
β(R1 + R2 )
4.49 RTh = RN = 3.333 , VTh = 10 V, IN = 3 A
4.51 31.73 ,0V
4.53 −1 V, 0 V
4.55 7.2 , 1.25 W
4.57 −1.187 kW
4.59 (a) 12 , 40 V, (b) 2 A, (c) 12 , (d) 33.33 W
4.61 1k
4.63 (a) 3.8 , 4 V, (b) 3.2 , 15 V
4.65 10 , 167 V
4.67 3.333 , 10 V
4.69 8 , 12 V
4.71 (a) 10 mA, 8 k , (b) 9.926 A
4.73 (a) 100 , 20 , (b) 100 , 200
Vs
4.75
Rs + (1 + β)Ro
4.77 5.333 V, 66.67 k
4.79 2.4 k , 4.8 V

Chapter 5
5.1 (a) 1.5 M , (b) 60 , (c) 98.06 dB
5.3 10 V
5.5 0.9999990
5.7 −100 nV, −10 mV
5.9 (a) 2 V, (b) 2 V
5.11 −2 V, −1 mA
5.13 2.7 V, 288 µA
5.15 (a) Proof, (b) −35
898 APPENDIX E Answers to Odd-Numbered Problems

5.17 −11.764
5.19 −1.6364
5.21 If R1 = 10 k , then Rf = 150 k
5.23 (a) 10.2, (b) 1.471 cos 120π t
5.25 100 µA, 2 µW
5.27 600 nA, 12 mV, 2.4 nW
5.29 If R1 = 10 k , then Rf = 90 k
5.31 −120 mV
5.33 3k
5.35 See Fig. E.4, where R ≤ 100 k .

R R R
3
1
+

+ o
2
R
2

Figure E.4 For Prob. 5.35.

5.37 −2 V, −2.4 mA
5.39 R1 = R3 = 10 k , R2 = R4 = 20 k
5.41 See Fig. E.5.

R R
R
1
+

+ o
2
R

Figure E.5 For Prob. 5.41.

5.43 (a) 300, (b) 3.333

5.45 (a) 36 µA, (b) 30 cos 377t µA
5.47 −1.333
R2 R4 R4
5.49 v1 − v2
R1 R5 R5
R2 R4 /R1 R3 − R4 /R6
5.51
1 − R2 R4 /R3 R5
5.53 2.4 V
5.55 −17.14 mV
5.57 −1 V
 APPENDIX E Answers to Odd-Numbered Problems 899

5.59 100 µA
5.61 −374.8 µA
5.63 0.6677 V
5.65 12 V
5.67 0.25 V
5.69 (a) Proof, (b) 0.825 V, (c) 0.375 V
5.71 (a) −3.2 V, (b) 1.8 V
5.73 14.67
5.75 5
5.77 5.5

Chapter 6
6.1 10(1 − 3t)e−3t A, 20t (1 − 3t)e−6t W
6.3 0.48 A
100t 2 kV, 0<t <1
6.5 v=
100(4t − t 2 − 2) kV, 1<t <2
6.7 0.04t 2 + 10 V
6.9 See Fig. E.6.

i(t) A
5

0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 t (s)

Figure E.6 For Prob. 6.9.

6.11 −0.72π sin 4π t A, −5.4 J

6.13 (a) 120 mF, (b) 7.5 mF
6.15 (a) 3 F, (b) 8 F, (c) 1 F
6.17 4 mF
6.19 50 µF
6.21 (a) V30 = 90 V, V60 = 30 V, V14 = 60 V, V20 = 48 V, V80 = 12 V,
(b) W30 = 121.5 mJ, W60 = 27 mJ, W14 = 25.2 mJ, W20 = 23.04 mJ,
W80 = 5.76 mJ
6.23 (a) 35 µF, (b) 0.75 mF, 1.5 mC, 3 mC, (c) 393.4 J
6.25 22.39 µF
10t 2 kV, 0<t <1
6.27 vo (t) =
40t − 10t 2 − 20 kV, 1<t <2
900 APPENDIX E Answers to Odd-Numbered Problems

6.29 (a) 8 V, (b) −480e−3t µA, −6 + 8e−3t µA, (c) −480e−3t µA,
−180e−3t µA, −300e−3t µA
6.31 0.2 H
6.33 4.8 cos 100t , 96 mJ
6.35 5.977 A, 35.72 J
6.37 144 µJ
0.25t 2 kA, 0<t <1
6.39 i(t ) =
1 − t + 0.25t 2 kA, 1<t <2
6.41 5
6.43 (a) 7 H, (b) 3 H, (c) 2 H
6.45 7.778 H
6.47 7H
5
6.49 L
8
6.51 See Fig. E.7.

(t)
6

0
1 2 3 4 5 6 t (s)

Figure E.7 For Prob. 6.51.

6.53 (a) 2 mA, (b) 2.4e−2t mA, 3.6e−2t mA, (c) −0.12e−2t mV,
−0.144e−2t mV, (d) W10 = 24.36 nJ, W30 = 11.693 nJ,
W20 = 17.54 nJ
6.55 50(1 − cos 4t ) mA, 4.8 sin 4t mV
6.57 6s
6.59 One possibility is letting R = 100 k , then C = 0.2 µF
6.61 5.625 mV
6.63 See Fig. E.8.

o (V)
6

0
1 2 3 4 t (ms)

Figure E.8 For Prob. 6.63.

 APPENDIX E Answers to Odd-Numbered Problems 901

6.65 See Fig. E.9.

i (V)

0
5 10 15 t (ms)

10

Figure E.9 For Prob. 6.65.

6.67 See Fig. E.10.

2V + t=0
C
C
R
R
R
R
+ d2 o
+
+ dt2
do
dt
R
R R
2
+

R
R R
10
+
sin 2t + sin 2t

Figure E.10 For Prob. 6.67.

d 2 vo dvo
6.69 +5 + 2vo = f (t )
dt 2 dt
6.71 150 nF
6.73 (a) 1250 µF, (b) 400 J

Chapter 7
7.1 Proof
7.3 6 ms
7.5 1.195 V
7.7 (a) 50 , 5 mF, (b) 0.25 s, (c) 250 mJ, (d) 86.6 ms
−10t
7.9 3e A
7.11 4e−2t A
902 APPENDIX E Answers to Odd-Numbered Problems

7.13 2 µs
7.15 −2e−16t V
7.17 2 e −5t A
7.19 13.33
7.21 2e−4t V, t > 0, 0.5e−4t V, t > 0
7.23 (a) u(t + 1) − 2u(t) + u(t − 1),
(b) 2u(t − 2) − r(t − 2) + r(t − 4),
(c) 2u(t − 2) + 2u(t − 4) − 4u(t − 6),
(d) −r(t − 1) − u(t − 1) + r(t − 2) + 2u(t − 2)
7.25 See Fig. E.11.

i(t)

0
1 2 3 4 t

Figure E.11 For Prob. 7.25.

7.27 (a) 112 × 10−9 , (b) 7

7.29 (a) −2e−5t/3 V, (b) 5e2t/3 V
7.31 (a) 4 V, t < 0, 20 − 12e−t/8 , t > 0, (b) 4 V, t < 0, 12 − 8e−t/6 V
7.33 10(1 − e−0.2t ) V
7.35 0.8 A, 0.8e−t/160 A
7.37 1.25(1 − e−t/5 ) V, 0.125e−t/5 A
1
7.39 10e−t/3 V, − e−t /3 A
3
7.41 7.5(3 − e−4t ) mA, t > 0
7.43 2A
1
7.45 (a) 1 A, (6 − e−2t ) A, (b) 2 A, 3 − e−9t/4 A
7
7.47 −4e−20t V
7.49 15 + 5e−16t V
7.51 16e−0.5t V
1

(1 − e−t ) A, 0<t <1
7.53 i(t ) = 6
0.5 − 0.3746e−(t −1) A, t >1


−t
7.55 1.667(1 − e ) V
7.57 0.4e−50t mA, t > 0
7.59 8(1 − e−4t ) V, t > 0
7.61 20(1 + 10t) mV
 APPENDIX E Answers to Odd-Numbered Problems 903

7.63 0.5e−10t mA, t > 0

7.65 0.1(2e−10t − 1) V
7.67 See Fig. E.12.

2.0 V

0 V
0 s 0.5 s 1.0 s 1.5 s 2.0 s
–V(C1:2)

Figure E.12 For Prob. 7.67.

7.69 See Fig. E.13.

12 A

10 A

8 A

6 A
0 s 0.4 s 0.8 s 1.2 s 1.6 s 2.0 s
I(L1)
Time

Figure E.13 For Prob. 7.69.

7.71 30
7.73 0.2197 < t0 < 2.197
7.75 (a) 0.6 ms, (b) 6 µs
2
7.77 M , 25 pF
3
7.79 See Fig. E.14.

5 ms
i(t)
20 mA
t
2 ms

8 mA

Figure E.14 For Prob. 7.79 (not to scale).

904 APPENDIX E Answers to Odd-Numbered Problems

Chapter 8
8.1 (a) 2 A, 12 V, (b) −4 A/s, −5 V/s, (c) 0 A, 0 V
8.3 (a) 0 A, −10 V, 20 V, (b) 0 A/s, 0 V/s, 0 V/s, (c) 0.4 A, 6 V, 16 V
8.5 (a) 0 A, 0 V, (b) 0.25 A/s, 0 V/s, (c) 2.4 A, 9.6 V
8.7 s 2 + 4s + 4 = 0, (1 + t)e −2t
8.9 (10 + 50t)e −5t A
8.11 10(1 + t)e−t V
8.13 120
8.15 750 , 200 µF, 25 H
8.17 24 sin 0.5t V
8.19 18e−t − 2e−9t V
8.21 40 mF
8.23 (24 cos 1.984t + 3.024 sin 1.984t)e −t/4 V
8.25 3 − 3(cos 2t + sin 2t)e −2t V
8.27 (a) 3 − 3 cos 2t + sin 2t V, (b) 2 − 4e−t + 4e−4t A,
(c) 3 + (2 + 3t)e −t V, (d) 2 + 2 cos 2te−t A
8.29 50 − e−3t (62 cos 4t + 46.5 sin 4t) V
8.31 −10 sin 8t A
8.33 35 − (15 cos 0.6t + 20 sin 0.67t)e −0.8t V, 5 sin 0.6te −0.8t A
8.35 2.46e−0.903t − 0.667e−4.3t A
8.37 (3 − 9t)e−5t A
8.39 −12 + (4 cos 4t + 3 sin 4t)e −3t V
8.41 6 − 6e−50t (cos 5000t + 0.01 sin 5000t) mA
8.43 −2(1 + t)e−2t A, (2 + 4t)e−2t V
8.45 9 + 2e−10t − 8e−2.5t A
d 2 vo dvo dvs
8.47 R1 C1 R2 C2 + (R1 C1 + R2 C2 + R1 C2 ) = R1 C1
dt 2 dt dt
8.49 7.45 − 3.45e−7.25t V, t > 0
3 5
8.51 (a) s 2 + 20s + 36 = 0, (b) − e−2t − e−18t A, 6e−2t + 10e−18t V
4 4
8.53 2.4 − 2.667e−2t + 0.2667e−5t A, 9.6 − 16e−2t + 6.4e−5t V
d 2 vo 1 1 dvo vo 1 dvs
8.55 + + + =−
dt 2 R2 R1 C1 dt R1 R2 C1 C2 R1 C2 dt

d 2 vo vo
8.57 + 2 2 = 0, 2 sin 10t
dt 2 R C
8.59 −te −t u(t) V
 APPENDIX E Answers to Odd-Numbered Problems 905

8.61 See Fig. E.15.

10 A

0 A
0 s 5 s 10 s 15 s 20 s
I(L1)

Figure E.15 For Prob. 8.61.

8.63 See Fig. E.16.

40

-40
0 s 1.0 s 2.0 s 3.0 s 4.0 s
I(C2) V(C2:1)

Figure E.16 For Prob. 8.63.

8.65 See Fig. E.17.

0.1

2F
0.5 H
24 A

12 A 0.25

Figure E.17 For Prob. 8.65.

8.67 See Fig. E.18.

1 1
2

1 1
4 F 3 12 A

+ 5V
1H

Figure E.18 For Prob. 8.67.

906 APPENDIX E Answers to Odd-Numbered Problems

8.69 14.26- resistor in parallel with a 176-µF capacitor

8.71 2.5 µM, 625 µF
d 2v R dv R 1 diD vs
8.73 + + iD + =
dt 2 L dt LC C dt LC

Chapter 9
9.1 (a) 103 rad/s, (b) 159.2 Hz, (c) 6.283 ms, (d) 12 cos(103 t − 66◦ ) V,
(e) 2.65 V
9.3 (a) 4 cos(ωt − 120◦ ), (b) 2 cos(6t + 90◦ ), (c) 10 cos(ωt + 110◦ )
9.5 20◦ , v1 lags v2
9.7 Proof
9.9 (a) 1.809 + j 0.4944, (b) 4.201 − j 1.392, (c) −0.5042 − j 2.243
9.11 (a) 118.3 − 39.45◦ , (b) 10.45 − 10.4◦ , (c) 1.849 − 39.45◦
9.13 (a) 10 − 105◦ , (b) 5 − 100◦ , (c) 5 − 36.87◦
9.15 (a) 60 cos(t + 15◦ ), (b) 10 cos(40t + 53.13◦ ), (c) 2.8 cos(377t − π/3),
(d) 1.3 cos(103 t + 247.4◦ )
9.17 (a) 40 cos(ωt − 60◦ ), (b) 38.36 sin(ωt + 96.8◦ ), (c) 6 cos(ωt + 80◦ ),
(d) 11.5 cos(ωt − 52.06◦ )
9.19 (a) 0.8 cos(2t − 98.13◦ ), (b) 0.745 cos(2t − 4.56◦ )
9.21 0.289 cos(377t − 92.45◦ ) V
9.23 2 sin(106 t − 65◦ )
9.25 6.5- resistor
9.27 69.82 V
9.29 −5 sin 2t V
9.31 (a) 4.472 cos(3t − 18.43◦ ) A, 17.89 cos(3t − 18.43◦ ) V,
(b) 10 cos(4t + 36.87◦ ) A, 41.6 cos(4t + 33.69◦ ) V
9.33 (a) 1.872 cos(t − 22.05◦ ) A, (b) 0.89 cos(5t − 69.14◦ ) A,
(c) 0.4417 cos(10t − 83.66◦ ) A
9.35 17.14 cos 200t V
9.37 0.96 cos(200t − 7.956◦ ) A
9.39 2.325 cos(10t + 94.46◦ ) A
9.41 25 cos(2t − 53.13◦ ) A
9.43 8.485 135◦ A
9.45 (a) 0.75 + j 0.25 , (b) 20 + j 30
9.47 1 + j 0.5
9.49 17.35 0.9◦ A, 6.83 + j 1.094
9.51 (a) 0.0148 − 20.22◦ S, (b) 0.0197 74.57◦ S
9.53 1.661 + j 0.6647 S
9.55 1.058 − j 2.235
9.57 0.3796 + j 1.46
 APPENDIX E Answers to Odd-Numbered Problems 907

9.59 Can be achieved by the RL circuit shown in Fig. E.19.

10 10

+
+
Vi j10 j10 Vo

Figure E.19 For Prob. 9.59.

9.61 (a) 140.2◦ , (b) leading, (c) 18.43 V

9.63 1.8 k , 0.1 µF
9.65 104.2 mH
9.67 Proof
9.69 38.21 − 8.975◦
9.71 2 mH
9.73 235 pF

Chapter 10
10.1 15.73 cos(t + 247.9◦ ) V
10.3 3.835 cos(4t − 35.02◦ ) V
10.5 6.154 cos(103 t + 70.26◦ ) V
10.7 35.74 sin(1000t − 116.6◦ ) A
10.9 7.906 43.49◦ A
10.11 10.58 − 112.4◦ A
10.13 16.64 56.31◦ V

j
L j L
10.15 (a) 1, 0, − , (b) 0, 1,
R
C R C
Vs (R + j ωL + 1/j ωC2 )
10.17 ,
(1/j ωC1 + 1/j ωC2 )(R + j ωL + 1/j ωC1 ) + 1/ω2 C1 C2
Vs /j ωC2
(1/j ωC1 + 1/j ωC2 )(R + j ωL + 1/j ωC1 ) + 1/ω2 C1 C2
10.19 6.154 cos(103 t + 70.25◦ ) V
10.21 4.67 − 20.17◦ A, 1.79 37.35◦ A
10.23 2.179 61.44◦ A
10.25 7.906 43.49◦ A
10.27 1.971 − 2.1◦ A
10.29 3.35 174.3◦ A
10.31 9.902 cos(2t − 129.17◦ ) A
10.33 10 + 21.45 sin(2t + 26.56◦ ) + 10.73 cos(3t − 26.56◦ ) V
908 APPENDIX E Answers to Odd-Numbered Problems

10.35 0.1 + 0.217 cos(2000t + 134.1◦ ) − 1.365 sin(4000t + 14.21◦ ) A

10.37 3.615 cos(105 t − 40.6◦ ) V
10.39 5.238 17.35◦ A
10.41 (a) ZN = ZTh = 22.63 − 63.43◦ , VTh = −50 30◦ V,
IN = 2.236 273.4◦ A, (b) ZN = ZTh = 10 26◦ ,
◦ ◦
VTh = 33.92 58 V, IN = 3.392 32 A
10.43 ZN = ZTh = 21.633 − 33.7◦ , VTh = 107.3 146.56◦ V,
IN = 4.961 − 179.7◦ A
10.45 15.73 cos(t + 247.9◦ ) V
10.47 3.855 cos(4t − 35.02◦ ) V
10.49 1 k , 5.657 cos(200t + 75◦ ) A
10.51 0.542 cos(2t − 77.47◦ ) A
10.53 −j ωRC , −Vm cos ωt
10.55 35.76 cos(104 t − 26.56◦ ) µA
C1 1 + j ωR2 C2 C1 R2 C1 1 + j R2 C2 /R1 C1
10.57 , , , ,
C2 1 + j ωR1 C1 C2 R1 C2 1+j
C1 1+j
C2 1 + j R1 C1 /R2 C2
R2 + R3 + j ωC2 R2 R3
10.59
(1 + j ωR1 C1 )(R3 + j ωC2 R2 R3 )
10.61 35.78 cos(1000t + 26.56◦ ) V
10.63 1.465 79.59◦ A
10.65 1.664 − 146.4◦ V
10.67 15.91 169.6◦ , 5.172 − 138.6◦ , 2.27 − 152.4◦ V
10.69 Proof
10.71 (a) 180 kHz, (b) 40 k
10.73 Proof
10.75 Proof

Chapter 11
11.1 800 + 1600 cos(100t + 60◦ ), 800 W
11.3 7.5 W, 5 W, 0 W, 2.5 W, 0 W
11.5 12.48 W
11.7 43.78 W
11.9 0W
11.11 (a) 0.471 + j 1.882 , 15.99 W, (b) 2.5 − j 1.167 , 1.389 W
11.13 0.5 − j 0.5 , 90 W
11.15 21.23 − j 10.15
11.17 6.792 , 6.569 W
 APPENDIX E Answers to Odd-Numbered Problems 909

11.19 9.574 V
11.21 7.906 V
11.23 2.92 V, 4.267 W
11.25 1.08 V
11.27 6.667 A
11.29 275.6 VA, 0.1876 (lagging)
11.31 (a) 0.5547 (leading), (b) 0.9304 (lagging)
11.33 (a) 95.26 − j 55 VA, 110 VA, 95.26 W, 55 VAR, leading pf
(b) 1497.2 + j 401.2 VA, 1550 VA, 1497.2 W, 401.2 VAR, lagging pf
(c) 278.2 + j 74.54 VA, 288 VA, 278.2 W, 74.54 VAR, lagging pf
(d) −961.7 − j 961.7 VA, 1360 V, −961.7 W, −961.7 VAR, leading pf
11.35 (a) 269 − j 150 VA, (b) 4129 − j 2000 VA, (c) 396.9 + j 450 VA,
(d) 1000 + j 681.2 VA
11.37 (a) 30.98 − j 23.23 , (b) 10.42 + j 13.89 , (c) 0.8 + j 1.386
11.39 −j 3.84 VA (capacitor), 5.12 VA (resistor), j 6.4 VA (inductor)
11.41 4.543 + j 1.396 VA
11.43 51.2 mVA
11.45 7.098 32.29◦ , 0.8454 (lagging)
11.47 120.1 0.03145◦ V
11.49 80 µW
11.51 No power across the capacitors, S10 = 4 × 10−4 , S20 = 8 × 10−4 ,
S40 = 4 × 10−4 VA
11.53 (a) 0.6402, (b) 295.1 W, (c) 130.4 µF
11.55 (a) 2.734 mF, (b) 6.3 mF
11.57 (a) 0.8992, (b) 5.74 mF
11.59 9.476 W
11.61 4.691 W
11.63 $76.26
11.65 75 − j 103.55
11.67 (a) 126.2 W, (b) 220 VA
11.69 968.2 kVAR
11.71 (a) 32.91 kVAR, 86.51 kVA, (b) 0.9248, (c) 157.3 A
11.73 (a) $ 14,521.80, (b) $ 31,579.2, (c) Yes
11.75 (a) 40 − j 8 , (b) 66.61 W

Chapter 12
12.1 (a) 231 − 30◦ , 231 − 150◦ , 231 − 270◦ V,
(b) 231 30◦ , 231 150◦ , 231 − 90◦ V
12.3 acb sequence, 208 250◦ V
12.5 242.5 − 30◦ , 242.5 − 150◦ , 242.5 90◦ V
910 APPENDIX E Answers to Odd-Numbered Problems

12.7 44 53.13◦ , 44 − 66.87◦ , 44 173.1◦ A

12.9 4.8 − 36.87◦ , 4.8 − 156.9◦ , 4.8 83.13◦ A
12.11 127 100◦ V, 220 130◦ V, 17.32 150◦ A, 12.7 − 80◦
12.13 13.66 A
12.15 172.6 34.76◦ , 172.6 − 85.24◦ , 172.6 154.8◦ V, 11.51 − 18.37◦ ,
11.51 − 138.4◦ , 11.51 101.6◦ A
12.17 5.47 − 18.43◦ , 5.47 − 138.43◦ , 5.47 101.57◦ A,
9.474 − 48.43◦ , 9.474 − 168.43◦ , 9.474 71.57◦ A
12.19 15.53 − 28.4◦ , 15.53 − 148.4◦ , 15.53 91.6◦ A
12.21 17.74 4.78◦ , 17.74 − 115.2◦ , 17.74 124.8◦ A
12.23 5.081 − 46.87◦ , 5.081 − 166.87◦ , 5.081 73.13◦ A
12.25 4.15 − j 5.53 , 5000 − j 6667 VA
12.27 7.69 A, 360.3 V
12.29 55.51 A, 1.298 − j 1.731
12.31 423.1 W
12.33 9.021 A
12.35 4.373 − j 1.145 kVA
12.37 6346 28.92◦ V
12.39 40.42 A (rms), 0.9677 (lagging)
12.41 5.75 220◦ A
12.43 3.464 30◦ , 3.464 0◦ , 3.464 60◦ A
12.45 (a) 132 30◦ A, 47.23 143.8◦ A, 120.9 230.9◦ A, (b) 29.04 kW,
(c) 29.04 − j 58.08 kVA
12.47 220.6 − 34.56◦ , 214.1 − 81.49◦ , 49.91 − 50.59◦ V, assuming
that N is grounded.
12.49 11.15 37◦ A, 230.8 − 133.4◦ V, assuming N is grounded.
12.51 IaA = 4.71 71.38◦ , IbB = 6.781 − 142.6◦ ,
IcC = 3.898 − 5.076◦ V, IAB = 3.547 61.57◦ ,
IBC = 3.831 − 164.9◦ , IAC = 1.357 97.8◦ V
12.53 (a) 120 V, (b) 2.5, 3, 2, 0.866 A, (c) 300, 360, 240 W, (d) 900 W
12.55 (a) 4801 VA, (b) 0.9372, (c) 8.4 A, (d) 190.5 V
12.57 (a) 2590 W, 4808 W, (b) 8335 VA
12.59 −2995 W, 2995 W
12.61 (a) 20 mA, (b) 200 mA
12.63 320 W
12.65 17.15 − 19.65◦ , 15.14 − 139.6◦ , 15.14 100.3◦ A,
196.8 2.97◦ , 196.8 − 117◦ , 196.82 123◦ V
12.67 516 V
 APPENDIX E Answers to Odd-Numbered Problems 911

12.69 ZY = 2.133
12.71 1.448 − 176.6◦ A, 1252 + j 711.6 VA, 1085 + j 721.2 VA

Chapter 13
13.1 10 H
13.3 150 mH, 50 mH, 25 mH, 0.2887
13.5 (R1 + j ωL1 )I1 − j ωM I2 , −j ωM I1 + (R2 + j ωL2 )I2
13.7 2.392 94.57◦ V
j Im (ωL − 1/ωc)
13.9
R + j ωL + 1/j ωC
13.11 VTh = 5.349 34.11◦ V, ZTh = 2.332 50◦
13.13 2.462 72.18◦ A, 0.878 − 97.48◦ A, 3.329 74.89◦ A, 43.67 mJ
13.15 3.199 − 175.2◦ A
13.17 (a) 0.3535, (b) 0.3217 cos(4t + 57.6◦ ) V, (c) 1.168 J
13.19 3.755 − 36.34◦ A, 3.755 143.7◦ A
13.21 0.984, 130.5 mJ
13.23 (a) La = 10 H, Lb = 15 H, Lc = 5 H, (b) LA = 18.33 H, LB = 27.5 H,
LC = 55 H
13.25 12.77 + j 7.15
13.27 1.324 − 53.05◦ k
13.29 0.5 A, −1.5 A
Vm Vm
13.31 cos ωt A, − 2 cos ωt
nR nR
13.33 2.963 32.9◦ V, 2.963 − 147.1◦ V
13.35 8 − j 1.5 , 2.95 10.62◦ A
13.37 (a) 5, (b) 8 W
13.39 1054 W
13.41 (a) 25.9 69.96◦ , 12.95 69.96◦ A (rms), (b) 21.06 147.4◦ ,
42.12 147.4◦ , 42.12 147.4◦ V(rms), (c) 1554 20.04◦ VA
13.43 P8 = 2.778 W, P2 = 11.11 W, P4 = 5.556 W
13.45 6 A, 0.36 A, −60 V
13.47 3.795 18.43◦ , 1.897 18.43◦ , 0.6325 161.6◦
13.49 1.245 − 33.76◦ , 0.8893 − 33.76◦ , 0.3557 146.2◦ A, 7.51 W
13.51 74.9 W
1
13.53 (a) , (b) 1604, 2778 A, (c) 2778, 4812 A
3
13.55 (a) delta-delta connection, (b) 66.67, 13.05 A, (c) 16.67, 28.87 A,
(d) 55 kVA
13.57 (a) 144.3 A, (b) 238.7, (c) 13.05 A
13.59 4.253 − 8.526◦ A, 1.564 27.49◦ A, 4.892 W
912 APPENDIX E Answers to Odd-Numbered Problems

13.61 1.304 62.92◦ A

13.63 19.55 83.32◦ V, 68.47 46.4◦ V, 0.4434 − 92.6◦ A
13.65 4.028 − 52.38◦ , 2.019 − 52.11◦ , 1.338 − 52.2◦ A
13.67 7.5 k
13.69 315 W
13.71 (a) 0.1, (b) 25 turns, (c) 1.667 A, 16.67 A
13.73 (a) 112 V, (b) 0.2613 A, 11.2 A, (c) 1254 W
13.75 (a) 733.4 V, (b) 440 V

Chapter 14
j ω/ωo 1
14.1 , ωo =
1 + j ω/ωo RC
1
14.3 (a) , (b) −4.787, −32.712
s 2 R 2 C 2 + 3sRC + 1
1 j ωL − ω 2 RLC
14.5 (a) , (b)
1 + j ωRC − ω LC
2 R + j ωL − ω2 RLC
14.7 (a) 1.005773, (b) 0.4898, (c) 1.718 × 105
14.9 See Fig. E.20.

0.1 1 10 100 v (rad/s)

20

40

arg H

0.1 1 10 100 v (rad/s)

90

180

Figure E.20 For Prob. 14.9.

 APPENDIX E Answers to Odd-Numbered Problems 913

14.11 See Fig. E.21.

|G|

20

0.1 1 10 100 v (rad/s)

20

40

arg G

0.1 1 10 100 v (rad/s)

90

180

Figure E.21 For Prob. 14.11.

14.13 See Fig. E.22.

H (dB)

6.021

0.1 12 10 100 v (rad s)

(a)

0.1 0.2 1 2 10 20 100 v (rad s)

90
(b)

Figure E.22 For Prob. 14.13: (a) magnitude plot, (b) phase plot.
914 APPENDIX E Answers to Odd-Numbered Problems

14.15 See Fig. E.23.

G (dB)

0.1 1 2 5 10 100 v (rad s)

20

(a)
f

0.1 0.2 0.5 1 10 20 50 100 v (rad s)

90

(b)

Figure E.23 For Prob. 14.15: (a) magnitude plot, (b) phase plot.

14.17 See Fig. E.24.

H
40

f
20 45

0.1 1 10 100 v (rad/s) 0.1 1 10 100 v (rad/s)

Figure E.24 For Prob. 14.17.

104 (2 + j ω)
14.19
(20 + j ω)(100 + j ω)
Kj ω
14.21 , K = constant
(1 + j ω)(100 + j ω)
14.23 R = 10 , L = 16 H, C = 25 µF, 0.625 rad/s
14.25 0.7861 rad/s
14.27 50 rad/s, 5.975 × 106 rad/s, 6.025 × 106 rad/s
 APPENDIX E Answers to Odd-Numbered Problems 915

14.29 2 k , 0.6154 + j 0.923 k , 1.471 + j 0.8824 k , 1.471 − j 0.8824 k ,

0.6154 − j 0.923 k

14.31 (a) 5 rad/s, 0.625, 8 rad/s, (b) 5 krad/s, 20, 250 rad/s

14.33 (a) 3.333 krad/s, (b) 0.9997 1.205◦

jω
14.35 (a) , (b) 0.25
2(1 + j ω)2

R
14.37 , Proof
R + j ωL − ω2 RLC

14.39 Highpass filter, 318.3 Hz

14.41 31.42 k

14.43 1.56 kHz < f < 1.59 kHz, 25

14.45 (a) 1 rad/s, 3 rad/s, (b) 1 rad/s, 3 rad/s

14.47 9.6 krad/s, 5 krad/s

14.49 (a) 23.53 mV, (b) 107.3 mV, (c) 119.4 mV

Rf 1
14.51 1+ ,
Ri RC

14.53 If Rf = 20 k , then Ri = 80 k and C = 31.83 nF.

14.55 Let R = 10 k , then Rf = 25 k , C = 7.96 nF.

14.57 Kf = 2 × 10−4 , Km = 5 × 10−3

14.59 9.6 M , 32 µH, 0.375 pF

14.61 See Fig. E.25.

1k

+
I 1k 0.1 H 0.1 mF 1k Vo

Figure E.25 For Prob. 14.61.

14.63 (a) See Fig. E.26, (b) 894.4 26.7◦

20 mH
a
Ix

0.25 mF 400 0.5Ix

Figure E.26 For Prob. 14.63.

916 APPENDIX E Answers to Odd-Numbered Problems

14.65 See Fig. E.27.

200 mV

100 mV

0 V
1.0 Hz 10 Hz 100 Hz 1.0 KHz
V(R2:1)
Frequency

(a)

100 d

50 d

0 d
1.0 Hz 3.0 Hz 10 Hz 30 Hz 100 Hz 300 Hz 1.0 KHz
VP(R2:1)
Frequency

(b)

Figure E.27 For Prob. 14.65.

14.67 See Fig. E.28; high pass filter, f0 = 1.2 Hz.

1.0 V

0.5 V

0 V
100 mHz 300 mHz 1.0 Hz 3.0 Hz 10 Hz 30 Hz 100 Hz
VP(R3:1)
Frequency

Figure E.28 For Prob. 14.67.

 APPENDIX E Answers to Odd-Numbered Problems 917

14.69 See Fig. E.29.

10 V

0 V
100 Hz 200 Hz 300 Hz 400 Hz 500 Hz 600 Hz 800 Hz
V(L1:1)
Frequency

Figure E.29 For Prob. 14.69.

14.71 See Fig. E.30; fo = 800 Hz.

1.0 KV

0.5 KV

0 V
10 Hz 100 Hz 1.0 KHz 10 KHz
V(C1:1)
Frequency

Figure E.30 For Prob. 14.71.

14.73 938 kHz, remains the same

RL (RL + sL + s 2 RL LC2 )
14.75
(RL + sL + s 2 RL C2 L)(sL + RL + s 2 RL LC2 + Ri + sRi RL C2 + s 3 Ri RL C2 + sRi RL C1 + s 3 Ri RL LC1 C2 )

14.77 440 Hz
14.79 15.91
14.81 (a) 2 kHz, (b) 1.59 kHz
918 APPENDIX E Answers to Odd-Numbered Problems

14.83 See Fig. E.31.

400 mV

300 mV

200 mV

100 mV

0 V
100 Hz 10 KHz 1.0 MHz
V(R2:1)
Frequency

Figure E.31 For Prob. 14.83.

Chapter 15
s a
15.1 (a) , (b) 2
s 2 − a2 s − a2
s +2 4 s +3 1
15.3 (a) , (b) , (c) (d) ,
(s + 2) + 9
2 (s + 2) + 16
2 (s + 3) − 4
2 (s + 4)2 − 1
4(s + 1)
(e)
[(s + 1)2 − 4]4
10 −2s 1 1 2e−4s
15.5 (a) 2e−s , (b) e , (c) 2 + , (d) 4
s s s e (s + 1)
3 6 4 10 e−(s+1) e−(s+1) se −s
15.7 (a) + + − , (b) + , (c) 2 ,
2 s s+2 s+3 (s + 1) 2 s+1 s +4
4
(d) (1 − e−π s )
s2 + 16
(s + 2) −(s + 2)
15.9 (a) − , (b) 2
s 2 + 2s + 2 s + 2s + 2
5
15.11 (1 − 2e−s + e−2s )
s2
1
15.13 (5 − 3e−s + 3e−3s − 5e−4s )
s
 APPENDIX E Answers to Odd-Numbered Problems 919

1 2
15.15 (a) (1 + e−s + e−2s − 3e−3s ), (b) 2 (1 − e−s − e−3s + e−4s )
s s
π(1 + e−s )
15.17
(s 2 + π 2 )(1 − e−2s )
2(1 − e−s + se −s ) 1 2 (1 − e−s )2
15.19 (a) , (b) + 2
s (1 − e )
2 −s s s (1 − e−2s )
15.21 (a) ∞, 0, (b) f (0) = 1, f (∞) does not exist, (c) 0, 0
15.23 (a) 1, 0, (b) f (0) = 1, f (∞) does not exist
t2
15.25 (a) −5e−t + 20e−2t − 15e−3t (b) −e−t + 1 + 3t − e −2t ,
2
(c) e−t (−0.2 + 0.2 cos 2t + 0.4 sin 2t)
15.27 (a) 3 sin t − cos t + 3e−t , (b) cos(t − π )u(t − π ),
(c) 8u(t)[1 − e−t − te−t − 0.5t 2 e−t ]
15.29 (a) [2e−(t−6) − e−2(t −6) ]u(t − 6),
4 1
(b) u(t)[e−t − e−4t ] − u(t − 2)[e−(t −2) − e−4(t −2) ],
3 3
1
(c) u(t)[−3e−3(t−1) + 3 cos 2(t − 1) + 2 sin 2(t − 1)]
13
15.31 (a) 3[1 − cos 2(t − 2)]u(t − 2),
1 1 1 1
(b) cos t + sin t − cos 3t − sin 3t ,
4 8 4 24
(c) 4e−2t (−1 + t + cos 3t − 5 sin 3t)
15.33 (a) −3.138e−t cos 4t − 2.358e−t sin 4t + 5.138e−2t cos 4t + 1.142e−2t sin 4t,
1 1 1 1
(b) cos 3t + sin 4t − e−0.551t + e−5.449t u(t)
4 12 8 8
15.35 2e−t − 2e−3t cos t − 4e−3t sin t V
15.37 (0.5 + 2.887e−t sin 1.732t)u(t) A, −1.732e−t sin 1.732tu(t) A
15.39 [2e−2t − e−t ]u(t) A
15.41 0.7143e−2t − 1.714e−0.5t cos 1.118t + 2.3e−0.5t sin 1.118t A
15.43 −(2 + 4.333e−t /2 + 1.333e−2t )u(t) V
15.45 (5e−4t cos 2t + 230e−4t sin 2t)u(t) V,
6u(t) − 6e−4t cos 2t − 11.37e−4t sin 2t A, t > 0
15.47 (e−5t − e−2t )u(t)
15.49 2.91(e−4.581t − e−0.438t )u(t)
15.51 12u(t)
15.53 (a) [0.6 − 0.6e−2t cos t − 0.2e−2t sin t ]u(t),
(b) [6e−2t + 6te−2t − 6e−2t cos t − 6e−2t sin t ]u(t)
20
15.55
2s 2 + 9s + 30
15.57 9
1 1 1
15.59 (a) , (b) 3 , (c) 3 ,
s 3 + 2s 2 + 3s + 2 s + s 2 + 2s + 2 s + s 2 + 3s + 2
1
(d)
s 3 + 2s 2 + 3s + 2
920 APPENDIX E Answers to Odd-Numbered Problems

R −Rt/L
15.61 (a) e u(t), (b) (1 − e−Rt/L )u(t)
L
15.63 0.5e−t /2 u(t)
1 2

 t , 0<t <1
2 1




2

15.65 (a) y(t) = − 2 t + 2t − 1, 1<t <2
1, t >2





0, otherwise


−t
(b) y(t) = 2(1 − e ), t > 0,
1 1
2
2t + t + 2,

 −1 < t < 0


(c) y(t) = 1 2 9
t − 3t + , 2 < t < 3
2 2




0, otherwise


15.67 Proof
1 1
15.69 t cos t + sin t
2 2
9 6 17 47
15.71 cos 2t + sin 2t + e−t cos 3t − e−t sin 2t
26 26 26 78
27 −2t 75 −3t 1 5
15.73 e − e + cos 2t + sin 2t
4 13 52 52
1 −2t 1 4 1 −t
15.75 e − e−4t − e−t cos 2t − e sin 2t u(t)
10 26 65 130
15.77 −0.4 sin 2t + cos 3t + 0.6 sin 3t
15.79 −6.235e−t + 7.329e−1.5t − 0.0935 cos 4t − 0.06445 sin 4t
15.81 (a) (e−t − e−4t )u(t), (b) stable
15.83 L = 0.333 H, C = 0.5 F
15.85 C1 = C2 = 100 µF
15.87 a = −100, b = 400, c = 20,000
15.89 Proof

Chapter 16
16.1 (a) periodic, 2, (b) not periodic, (c) periodic, 2, (d) periodic, π ,
(e) periodic, 10, (f) not periodic, (g) not periodic
 5

− (−1)n−1/2 , n = odd
16.3 a0 = 3, 75, an = nπ ,
0, n = even

5 nπ
bn = 3 − 2 cos nπ − cos
nπ 2
∞
2π 2 4
16.5 − cos nt
3 n=1
n2
∞
10 nπ 10 nπ
16.7 2+ cos cos nπ t − 3 sin sin 2nt
n=1
n3 + 1 4 n +1 4
 APPENDIX E Answers to Odd-Numbered Problems 921

8 πt 1 3π t 1 5π t
16.9 sin − sin + sin + ···
π2 2 9 2 25 2
16.11 (a) π , odd, (b) 2π/3, even, (c) π/2, even and half-wave symmetric
∞
24 1 2nπ nπ nπ t
16.13 2+ cos − cos cos , 3.756
π2 n=1
n2 3 3 3

16 nπ 8 nπ
16.15 a0 = 1, bn = 0, an = cos −1 + sin
n2 π 2 2 nπ 2

16.17 (a) a2 = 0, b2 = −0.3183, (b) 0.06366 − 90◦ , (c) 1.384, which is 8%

off the exact value of 1.5, (d) Proof
∞
4 3nπ nπ nπ t nπ t
16.19 1+ sin − sin cos + (cos nπ − 1) sin
n=1
nπ 2 2 2 2
∞
8 4
16.21 cos nπ t + sin nπ t , n = 2k − 1
k=1
n2 π 2 nπ
∞
1 1
16.23 + √ cos(3n − tan−1 2n) A
3 n=1 3n2 1 + 4n2
∞
3 2π n
16.25 + An cos + θn , where
8 n=odd 3
6 2nπ
sin π 2nπ 1
An = nπ 3 , θn = − tan−1 −
9π 2 n2 + (2π 2 n2 /3 − 3)2 2 9 nπ
∞
100 sin(nπ t − 90◦ + tan−1 5/nπ)
16.27 √ , n = 2k − 1 V
π k=1 n 25 + n2 π 2
∞
3
16.29 + Vn cos(nπ t + θn ) V, where
4 n=1

12 4 16
Vn = √ + 4 ,
64 + n 2π 2
n2 π 2
π ( 2n − 1)4
nπ π(2n − 1)2
θn = tan−1 − tan−1
8 2n
16.31 (a) 33.91 V, (b) 6.782 A, (c) 203.1 W
16.33 (a) 1.155, (b) 0.8162
16.35 (a) 40 + 0.01431 cos(10t − 18.43◦ ) + 0.05821 cos(20t − 136◦ ) V,
(b) 800 mW
∞
π2 2(−1)n j nt
16.37 (a) + e
3 n=−∞,n=0
n2
∞
0.6321ej 2nπ t
16.39
n=−∞
1 + j 2nπ
∞
1 + e−jnπ jnt
16.41 e
n=−∞
2π(1 − n2 )
∞
3
16.43 −3 + ej 50nt
n=−∞,n=0
n3 − 2
922 APPENDIX E Answers to Odd-Numbered Problems

∞
1 j 5ej (2n+1)πt
16.45 −
2 n=−∞,n=0 (2n + 1)π

16.47 (a) 6 + 2.571 cos t − 3.83 sin t + 1.638 cos 2t − 1.147 sin 2t +
0.906 cos 3t − 0.423 sin 3t + 0.47 cos 4t − 0.171 sin 4t , (b) 6.828
16.49 See Fig. E.32.

An
12.88

2.881
1.642
1.155
0.893 vn
0 2 6 10 14 18
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 vn

38.45

67
75.71
79.69 81.95

90

fn

Figure E.32 For Prob. 16.49.

16.51 DC COMPONENT = 4.950000E-01

HARMONIC FREQUENCY FOURIER NORMALIZED PHASE NORMALIZED

NO (HZ) COMPONENT COMPONENT (DEG) PHASE (DEG)

1 1.667E-01 2.432E+00 1.000E+00 -8.996E+01 0.000E+00

2 3.334E-01 6.576E-04 2.705E-04 -8.932E+01 6.467E-01
3 5.001E-01 5.403E-01 2.222E-01 9.011E+01 1.801E+02
4 6.668E+00 3.343E-04 1.375E-04 9.134E+01 1.813E+02
5 8.335E-01 9.716E-02 3.996E-02 -8.982E+01 1.433E-01
6 1.000E+00 7.481E-06 3.076E-06 -9.000E+01 -3.581E-02
7 1.167E+00 4.968E-02 2.043E-01 -8.975E+01 2.173E-01
8 1.334E+00 1.613E-04 6.634E-05 -8.722E+01 2.748E+00
9 1.500E+00 6.002E-02 2.468E-02 -9.032E+01 1.803E+02
 APPENDIX E Answers to Odd-Numbered Problems 923

16.53 DC COMPONENT = 7.658051E-01

HARMONIC FREQUENCY FOURIER NORMALIZED PHASE NORMALIZED

NO (HZ) COMPONENT COMPONENT (DEG) PHASE (DEG)

1 5.000E-01 1.070E+00 1.000E+00 1.004E+01 0.000E+00

2 1.000E+00 3.758E-01 3.512E-01 -3.924E+01 -4.928E+01
3 1.500E+00 2.111E-01 1.973E-01 -3.985E+01 -4.990E+01
4 2.000E+00 1.247E-01 1.166E-01 -5.870E+01 -6.874E+01
5 2.500E+00 8.538E-02 7.980E-02 -5.680E+01 -6.685E+01
6 3.000E+00 6.139E-02 5.738E-02 -6.563E+01 -7.567E+01
7 3.500E+00 4.743E-02 4.433E-02 -6.520E+01 -7.524E+01
8 4.000E+00 3.711E-02 3.469E-02 -7.222E+01 -8.226E+01
9 4.500E+00 2.997E-02 2.802E-02 -7.088E+01 -8.092E+01
∞
20 1 2nπ 2nπ t
16.55 1 − cos sin
π n=1
n 5 5
16.57 (a) 4 + 10 cos(100π t − 36.87◦ ) − 5 cos(200π t − 36.87◦ ) A, (b) 157 W
16.59 (a) π , (b) 2 V, (c) 11.02 V
16.61 See below for the program in Fortran and the results.
C FOR PROBLEM 16.16
DIMENSION B(20)

A = 10
PIE = 3.142
C = 4.*A/PIE
DO 10 N=1, 10
B(N) = C/(2.*FLOAT(N) - 1.)
PRINTS *, N, B(N)
10 CONTINUE
STOP
END

n bn

1 12.7307
2 4.2430
3 2.5461
4 1.8187
5 1.414
6 1.1573
7 0.9793
8 0.8487
9 0.7488
10 0.6700

A2 8A2 2A2 8A2 8A2

16.63 (a) , (b) c1 = , c2 = , c3 = , c4 = ,
2 9π 2 225π 2 1225π 2 3969π 2
(c) 81.1%, (d) 0.72%
924 APPENDIX E Answers to Odd-Numbered Problems

Chapter 17
2(cos 2ω − cos ω)
17.1
jω
j
17.3 (sin 2ω − 2ω cos 2ω)
ω2
1 2
17.5 (a) (2 − e−j ω − e−j 2ω ), (b) 2 [e−jω + j ωe−jω2 − 1]
jω ω
π
17.7 (e−j ω2 − 1)
ω2 − π 2
−(1 + j ω) 2j π sin ω −(2 + j ω)ejω−2
17.9 (a) , (b) 2 , (c) ,
(1 + j ω) + 9
2 π −ω 2 (2 + j ω)2 + π 2
jω − 2 6 −j ω2
(d) , (e) e + 3 − 2π δ(ω)e−j ω2
(ω − 2)2 + 16 jω
17.11 (a) −4π |ω|, (b) 4π e−2|ω|
1 + jω
17.13
2 + j 2ω − ω2
∞
1 j
17.15 (a) Proof, (b) δ(ω) − δ(ω − n)
2 n = −∞ nπ
n=0
n = odd

30 20e−j ω/2
17.17 (a) , (b) ,
(6 − j ω)(15 − j ω) (4 + j ω)(10 + j ω)
5 5
(c) + ,
[2 + j (ω + 2)][5 + j (ω + 2)] [2 + j (ω − 2)][5 + j (ω − 2)]
j ω10 10
(d) , (e) + π δ(ω)
(2 + j ω)(5 + j ω) j ω(2 + j ω)(5 + j ω)
5
17.19 (a) sgn(t) − 5e−2t u(t), (b) (−5e−t + 6e−2t )u(t)
2
(−2 + j ) −j 2t (1 − j ) j t
17.21 (a) 0.05, (b) e , (c) e , (d) u(t ) − e−5t
2π π
2
17.23 (a) e(t +1) u(−t − 1), (b) ,
π(t 2 + 1)
1 1 1
(c) (t + 1)e−t u(t) + (t − 1)et u(t), (d)
4 4 2π
20 10
17.25 sinc 2t + sinc t
π π
jω
17.27
4 + j 3ω
1
17.29 [sgn(t) + sgn(t − 2) − 2 sgn(t − 1)] − e−0.5t u(t)
2
−e−0.5(t−2) u(t − 2) − 2e−0.5(t −1) u(t − 1)
17.31 4δ(t) − 8e−2t u(t) A
17.33 −3e−2t + 1.875e2t u(−t) − 1.125e−6t cos 8tu(t)
+ 0.375e−6t sin 8tu(t) V
 APPENDIX E Answers to Odd-Numbered Problems 925

8(2 + j ω)
17.35
2 + j ω5 − 3ω2
17.37 0.542 cos(t + 13.64◦ ) V
1
17.39
6
17.41 8J
17.43 0.15 J
17.45 (a) 5 kHz, (b) 4.9 kHz, (c) 5.1 kHz
17.47 6.5 < f < 9.6 kHz, 10.4 < f < 13.5 kHz
17.49 100 stations
17.51 111 ns
17.53 21.37%

Chapter 18
4 1
18.1
1 1.667
1+j j 1.5 + j 0.5 1.5 − j 0.5
18.3 (a) , (b)
j 0 1.5 − j 0.5 1.5 − j 1.5
s2 + s + 1 1
 
 s 3 + 2s 2 + 3s + 1 s 3 + 2s 2 + 3s + 1 
18.5  
 1 s 2 + 2s + 2 
s 3 + 2s 2 + 3s + 1 s 3 + 2s 2 + 3s + 1
1.6667 0.2222
18.7
−0.6667 1.111
18.9 See Fig. E.33.

I1 25 10 I2

+ +
+ + 5I1
V1 20I1 V2

(a)

1 0.5 F 2H

1F

(b)

Figure E.33 For Prob. 18.9.

926 APPENDIX E Answers to Odd-Numbered Problems

18.11 5.877 kW

18.13 ZTh = 6.4 , VTh = 6 90◦ V, 3.18 cos(2t + 148◦ ) V

1 1
 
 8 −
12 
18.15 
 1
S
1 
−
12 2
18.17 See Fig. E.34.

I1 I1

+ +

V1 0.4 S 0.2V1 0.1 S V2

Figure E.34 For Prob. 18.17.

18.19 See Fig. E.35.

4 8

Figure E.35 For Prob. 18.19.

0.25 0.25
18.21
5 0.6

18.23 (a) 8 V, 22 V, (b) same

3.8 0.4
18.25
−3.6 0.2 S

85 0.25 0.02929 S −0.101

18.27 ,
14.75 0.0725 S −5.96 34.34

18.29 (a) 0.2941, (b) −1.6, (c) 7.353 × 10−3 S, (d) 40

18.31 800

18.33 Proof

1 0
 
1 Z
18.35 (a) , (b)  1
0 1

1
Y
 5 
−3.5
18.37  6 
−2.5 S 0.5
 APPENDIX E Answers to Odd-Numbered Problems 927

2 1
 
 2 s +1 s 
18.39 
 (s + 1)(3s + 1)

1
2+
s s
2 2 + j5
18.41
j −2 + j

A AD − BC 1 D
18.43 z11 = , z12 , z21 = , z22 =
C C C C
18.45 Proof
1 −2 2.2 0.5
18.47 (a) S, (b)
−2 4.4 0.2 S 0.5

1.786 0.7143 1.667 0.3333

18.49 (a) , (b) ,
0.3571 2.143 −0.1667 0.4667 S
3 5
(c)
1.4 S 2.5

40 0 0.381 15.24 k
18.51 k ,
105 40 9.52 µS 0.381

1 1
 
 3 − 
3
18.53 
 1 S
2
−
3 3
1.25 0.75
18.55
0.75 S 1.25

0.063 + j 0.1954 −0.103 + j 0.144

18.57 S
−0.103 + j 0.1446 0.183 − j 0.205

0.06 S −1.3
18.59
0.7 23.5

7 12 12
18.61 ,
4S 7 7

0.1269 0.01154
18.63 S
0.01154 −0.03923

4.669 − 136.7◦ 2.53 − 108.4◦

18.65
2.53 − 108.4◦ 1.789 − 153.4◦

1.5 −0.5
18.67 S
3.5 1. 5

1.4 −0.8
18.69
1.4 S −1.8

2.727 S 0
18.71
0 0
928 APPENDIX E Answers to Odd-Numbered Problems

y22 + YL y11 + Ys −y21 YL

18.73 Zin = , Zout = , Ai = ,
y + y11 YL y + y22 Ys y + y11 YL
−y21
Av =
y22 + YL
18.75 (a) 250 k , (b) −3333, 20, 65 k , (c) −13.33 V
18.77 −17.1, 89.29, 25.63 k , 182.9 k
18.79 2 × 105 , 200
18.81 See Fig. E.36.

1.531 H 1.082 H

1.577 F 0.383 F 1

Figure E.36 For Prob. 18.81.

18.83 Proof