Operations Management, 12e (Heizer/Render/Munson)

Chapter 15 Short-Term Scheduling

Lecturer: Fahmi R. Dalimunthe, CA., CPA., BKP

1) Which of the following statements regarding scheduling at Alaska

Airlines is FALSE?
A) Flying into Alaska complicates scheduling.
B) Schedule changes at one airport have a ripple effect that may have impacts
in many others.
C) Alaska Airlines' high-tech computer and communications system is located
in Seattle.
D) Alaska Airlines' rapid rescheduling uses mathematical scheduling models.
E) Alaska Airlines' rapid rescheduling promotes air safety and limits traveler
inconvenience, but has not resulted in money savings for Alaska Airlines.

2) Which of the following is NOT a key direct benefit from effective

internal or external scheduling?
A) lower cost
B) greater use of assets
C) more dependable delivery
D) higher quality
E) added flexibility

3) What is the objective of scheduling?

A) maximize quality
B) minimize cost
C) minimize response time
D) prioritize and allocate demand to available facilities
E) minimize lead time

4) The correct sequence from longest to smallest duration scheduling is:

A) capacity planning, aggregate planning, master schedule, short-term
scheduling.
B) aggregate planning, capacity planning, master schedule, short-term
scheduling.
C) master schedule, capacity planning, aggregate planning, short-term
scheduling.
D) master schedule, aggregate planning, capacity planning, short-term
scheduling.
E) capacity planning, master schedule, aggregate planning, short-term
scheduling.

5) Forward scheduling is the scheduling of:

A) the end items or finished products.
B) jobs as soon as the requirements are known.
C) the start items or component parts.
D) the final operation first beginning with the due date.
E) jobs according to their profit contributions.
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6) Short-term schedules are prepared:
A) directly from the aggregate plans.
B) directly from the capacity plans.
C) from inventory records for items that have been used up.
D) from master schedules, which are derived from aggregate plans.
E) from the purchasing plans.

7) Which of the following is not an effectiveness criterion for scheduling?

A) minimizing customer waiting time
B) minimizing completion time
C) minimizing WIP inventory
D) maximizing utilization
E) maximizing flow time

8) Which of the following considers process capacity when scheduling?

A) cap loading
B) constrained loading
C) capacitated loading
D) backward loading
E) finite loading

9) Forward scheduling:
A) begins with a delivery date, then offsets each operation one at a time, in
reverse order.
B) has the same meaning as "finite loading."
C) is often used in service environments such as catering a banquet or
scheduling surgery.
D) starts the schedule as soon as the job requirements are known.
E) produces a schedule only if it meets the due date.

10) The short-term scheduling activity called "loading":

A) assigns dates to specific jobs or operations steps.
B) specifies the order in which jobs should be done at each center.
C) assigns jobs to work centers
D) assigns workers to jobs.
E) assigns workers to machines.

11) Which of the following is NOT required to be known in order to

schedule process-focused facilities?
A) the sequence of work
B) which workers are assigned to each work center
C) the time required for each item
D) the capacity of each work center
E) the availability of each work center

12) A work center had actual input of 280 hours and actual output of 270
hours. What is the change in backlog?
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A) 10
B) -10
C) 0
D) 1.037
E) Unable to determine with the given information

13) A work center had planned outputs of 10, 15, 13, and 20 hours with
actual outputs of 12, 14, 13, and 18 hours. What is the cumulative
deviation in output?
A) 0
B) 1
C) -1
D) 58
E) Unable to determine with the given information

14) A work center is interested in limiting work-in-process by not allowing

production to start again until the current batch is finished. The best
solution most likely involves:
A) MRP.
B) ConWIP cards.
C) Gantt charts.
D) Johnson's rule.
E) the assignment method.

15) The assignment method is:

A) a method to highlight overloads in a given work center.
B) a computerized method of determining appropriate tasks for an operation.
C) a form of linear programming for optimally assigning tasks or jobs to
resources.
D) the same thing as the Gantt schedule chart.
E) a method for achieving a balance between forward and backward
scheduling.

16) What is a scheduling technique used to achieve an optimum, one-to-

one matching of tasks and resources?
A) the assignment method
B) Johnson's rule
C) the CDS algorithm
D) the appointment method
E) the reservation method

17) There are two jobs to be assigned to two workers. The profit for
worker A on job 1 is $5 and on job 2 is $8. The profit for worker B on job 1
is $10 and on job 2 is $12. How should the work be divided using the
assignment method?
A) worker A assigned to job 1 and worker B assigned to job 2
B) worker A assigned to job 2 and worker B assigned to job 1
C) worker A gets both jobs 1 and 2
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D) worker B gets both jobs 1 and 2
E) unable to determine

18) If job 5 takes 3, 4 or 5 hours to be completed by workers A, B, and C,

respectively, what would the row values for job 5 be after performing Step
1A of the assignment method?
A) 3, 4, 5
B) 8, 9, 10
C) 0, 1, 2
D) 6, 7, 8
E) 1, 4/3, 5/3

19) Which of the following is an aid used to monitor jobs in progress?

A) a Gantt load chart
B) the assignment method
C) a Gantt schedule chart
D) Johnson's rule
E) a Gantt progress chart

20) What is a method of input-output control that uses a system of cards

to limit the amount of work at a work center and also to control lead time
and monitor backlog?
A) the assignment method
B) backward scheduling
C) forward scheduling
D) ConWIP cards
E) level material use

21) If an assignment problem consists of 6 workers and 7 projects:

A) one worker will not get a project assignment.
B) one worker will be assigned two projects.
C) each worker will contribute work toward the seventh project.
D) one project will not get a worker assigned.
E) The problem cannot be solved by assignment method.

22) If an assignment problem consists of 5 workers and 4 projects:

A) one worker will not get a project assignment.
B) one project will be assigned two workers.
C) the fifth worker will split time among the four projects.
D) one project will not get a worker assigned.
E) The problem cannot be solved by assignment method.

23) Three jobs are to be assigned to three machines. Cost for each job-
machine combination appears in the table below. Perform the first two
steps of the assignment method (subtract the smallest number in each
row and subtract the smallest number in each column; then cover with
straight lines). At this point in the problem-solving process:

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 Machine Machine Machine
A B C
Job 1 11 14 6
Job 2 8 10 11
Job 3 9 12 7

A) the row for Job 1 contains the values 5, 6, and 0.

B) calculations are complete, and the problem is ready for an optimal set of
assignments.
C) the column for Machine B indicates that it should be retired.
D) Job 1 should be performed on Machine B.
E) Job 1 should be performed on Machine A.

24) The jobs listed below need to be completed. Assume that it is now day
140. If the jobs are sequenced according to the longest processing time
rule, what is the lateness of job A?

Processing Job due

Job Time (days) date (days)
A 20 180
B 30 200
C 10 175
D 16 230
E 18 210

A) 0.0 days
B) 24.0 days
C) 7.4 days
D) 9.0 days
E) 11.6 days

25) The jobs listed below need to be completed. Assume that it is now day
140. If the jobs are sequenced according to the shortest processing time
rule, what is the average completion time?

Processing Job due

Job Time (days) date (days)
A 20 180
B 30 200
C 10 175
D 16 230
E 18 210

A) 47.6 days
B) 60.2 days
C) 94.0 days
D) 2.5 days
E) 238.0 days
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26) EDD stands for what?
A) earliest due date
B) earliest design date
C) earliest detrimental date
D) earliest decision date
E) economic date determination

27) Using LPT priority would result in what sequence for Jobs A, B, C, and
D if their process times are 4, 6, 5, and 2 respectively?
A) ABCD
B) DCBA
C) DACB
D) DABC
E) BCAD

28) Orders are processed in the sequence in which they arrive if (the)
________ rule sequences the jobs.
A) earliest due date
B) slack time remaining
C) first come, first served
D) critical ratio
E) Johnson's

29) Which of the following dispatching rules ordinarily gives the best
results when the criterion is quickest time for completion of the full
sequence of jobs?
A) shortest processing time (SPT)
B) critical ratio (CR)
C) first in, first out (FIFO)
D) first come, first served (FCFS)
E) longest processing time (LPT)

30) Five jobs are waiting to be processed. Their processing times and due
dates are given below. Using the shortest processing time dispatching
rule, in which order should the jobs be processed?

Processing Job due

Job Time (days) date (days)
A 4 7
B 7 4
C 8 11
D 3 5
E 5 8

A) A, B, C, D, E
B) C, E, A, D, B
C) B, D, A, E, C
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D) D, A, E, B, C
E) C, E, A, B, D

31) Sequencing (or dispatching):

A) assigns dates to specific jobs or operations steps.
B) assigns jobs to work centers.
C) specifies the order in which jobs should be done at each center.
D) assigns workers to jobs.
E) assigns workers to machines.

32) Five jobs are waiting to be processed. Their processing times and due
dates are given below. Using the earliest due date dispatching rule, in
which order should the jobs be processed?

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 Processing Job due
Job Time (days) date (days)
A 4 7
B 2 4
C 8 11
D 3 5
E 5 8

A) C, E, A, D, B
B) A, B, C, D, E
C) B, D, A, E, C
D) C, B, A, E, D
E) B, D, A, C, E

33) Flow time represents the time:

A) an order spends waiting for processing at a work center.
B) an order spends being processed at a work center.
C) an order spends moving from one work center to another.
D) to complete an order, including time spent in processing and in waiting.
E) none of the above

34) Which of the following dispatching rules tends to minimize job flow
time?
A) FCFS: first come, first served
B) SPT: shortest processing time
C) EDD: earliest due date
D) LPT: longest processing time
E) FCLS: first come, last served

35) Average completion time for a schedule sequence at a work center is

the ratio of:
A) total processing time to the number of jobs.
B) total flow time to total processing time.
C) total flow time to the number of jobs.
D) total processing time plus total late time to the number of jobs.
E) total flow time plus total late time to the number of jobs.

36) Eight jobs have been sequenced at a single work center. Total
processing time for the eight jobs is 34 hours, and total flow time for the
sequence is 85 hours. For this schedule, utilization is ________ and the
average number of jobs in the system is ________.

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A) 100 percent; 10.625
B) low; .0941
C) 0.400 or 40 percent; 2.5
D) 0.235 or 23.5 percent; 4.25
E) maximized; minimized

37) Five welding jobs are waiting to be processed. Their processing times
and due dates are given below. Using the critical ratio dispatching rule, in
which order should the jobs be processed? All dates are specified as days
from today.

Processing Job due

Job Time (days) date (days)
A 4 7
B 2 4
C 8 11
D 3 5
E 5 11

A) B, D, A, E, C
B) C, D, A, B, E
C) C, E, A, D, B
D) E, B, A, D, C
E) B, D, A, C, E

38) Which critical ratio value implies that a job is already late?
A) more than 100
B) 1
C) less than 1
D) 10
E) 3.4

39) What is the priority rule that sequences jobs using the smallest ratio
of due date from today to processing time?
A) critical ratio
B) earliest due date
C) first come, first served
D) longest processing time
E) shortest processing time

40) Which of the following is an advantage of the FCFS dispatching rule

when used in services?
A) FCFS maximizes utilization.
B) FCFS minimizes the average number of jobs in the system.
C) FCFS minimizes the average lateness of all jobs.
D) FCFS maximizes the number of jobs completed on time.
E) FCFS seems fair to customers.

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41) What does the use of the shortest processing time sequencing rule
generally produce?
A) maximum average lateness
B) maximum utilization
C) maximum effectiveness
D) minimum average flow time
E) B and D

42) When a set of jobs must pass through two workstations whose
sequence is fixed, ________ is the sequencing rule most commonly applied.
A) critical ratio
B) earliest due date
C) first come, first served
D) slack time remaining
E) Johnson's rule

43) Five jobs are waiting for processing through two work centers. Their
processing time (in minutes) at each work center is contained in the table
below. Each job requires work center Alpha before work center Beta.
According to Johnson's rule, which job should be scheduled first in the
sequence?

Job Alpha Beta

R 20 10
S 25 35
T 50 20
U 15 35
V 55 75

A) R
B) S
C) T
D) U
E) V

44) Five jobs are waiting for processing through two work centers. Their
processing time (in minutes) at each work center is contained in the table
below. Each job requires work center Sigma before work center Delta.
According to Johnson's rule, what sequence of jobs will minimize the
completion time for all jobs?

Job Sigma Delta

R 40 10
S 25 30
T 50 20
U 35 35
V 55 15

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A) R-S-T-U-V
B) S-V-T-R-U
C) S-U-T-V-R
D) V-R-U-S-T
E) R-V-T-S-U

45) Which of the following is a limitation of rules-based dispatching

systems?
A) Rules need to be revised to adjust to changes in orders, product mix, and so
forth.
B) Rules may not recognize idle resources.
C) Rules may not recognize bottleneck resources
D) Rules may not be able to prioritize two jobs with identical due dates.
E) All of the above are limitations.

46) Five jobs are waiting for processing through two work centers. Their
processing time (in minutes) at each work center is contained in the table
below. Each job requires work center Alpha before work center Beta.
According to Johnson's rule, what is the optimum sequence of jobs and
the minimum time for completion of all jobs?

Job Alpha Beta

R 20 10
S 25 35
T 50 20
U 15 35
V 55 75

A) V-T-S-U-R; 225
B) U-R-T-S-V; 175
C) R-S-T-U-V; 240
D) U-S-V-T-R; 200
E) R-U-T-S-V; 175

47) A recent advance in short-term scheduling that makes use of expert

systems and simulation in solving dynamic scheduling problems is:

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A) forward scheduling.
B) backward scheduling.
C) infinite scheduling.
D) finite capacity scheduling.
E) progressive scheduling.

48) Which of the following is NOT tracked by scheduling optimization

systems used in retail stores?
A) cars parked in the parking lot
B) individual store sales
C) transactions
D) units sold
E) customer traffic

49) Which of the following is TRUE regarding services scheduling?

A) The critical ratio sequencing rule is widely used for fairness to customers.
B) The emphasis is on staffing levels, not materials.
C) Reservations and appointments are often used to manipulate the supply of
services.
D) Labor use can be intensive, and labor demand is usually stable.
E) All of the above are true.

50) Which of the following is NOT one of the risk mitigation tactics for the
supply chain risk category of suppliers failing to deliver?
A) use multiple suppliers
B) effective contracts with penalties
C) subcontractors on retainer
D) require overnight delivery
E) pre-planning

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