INTRODUCTION TO INDUSTRIAL TECHNOLOGY MIDTERM REVIEWER

Industrial arts (vocational education or technical education) - is a broad field of education that focuses on teaching
practical skills that is related to various industries and trades.

Componens of industrial arts

 Automotive- automotive systems, maintenance, repair, and diagnostics.

 Mechanical- understanding how machines work
 Electronics- study of electrical circuits, components, and systems. This may include soldering, circuit design,
and troubleshooting.
 Electrical- study about electicity
 Civil tech- focuses on concepts and principles in the built environment and on the technological process
 Drafting- creating technical drawings and plans using tools

Why is it important to study Industrial Arts?

- to develop practical skills that are directly applicable in real world and helps in our career preparation.

History of Industrial Arts

- In the Ancient Civilization, Early civilizations, such as the Egyptians, Greeks, and Romans, valued
craftsmanship and practical skills. They developed techniques in areas like metalworking, woodworking, and
pottery.
- In middle ages promoted specific trades, ensuring quality and standards among craftsmen.
- Renaissance and Industrial Revolution in the 18th century, there was a significant shift towards
mechanization and mass production.
- 19th century is the formation of technical schools.
- Early 20th century expansion of vocational education that prepare individuals for specific trades and
industries
- Throughout its history, industrial arts education has evolved in response to societal and technological
changes. It continues to play a crucial role in preparing individuals for careers in various trades and
industries.

Technology- refers to the application of scientific knowledge, tools, and techniques to solve practical
problems or achieve specific goals. It encompasses a wide range of products, processes, and systems that
are designed to make tasks easier, more efficient, or otherwise improve various aspects of human life.

1. **Industrial Revolution:** In the 18th and 19th centuries - innovations in terms of manufacturing, transportation (steam
engines and railways), and communication (telegraph).
2. **Electricity and Telecommunications:** In the late 19th century, Thomas Edison's is one of the innovator who develop
the light bulb, light bulb is an electrical device that produces light when an electric current passes through a filament or a
gas-filled tube, causing it to heat up and emit visible light. Thomas Edison is often credited with inventing the practical
incandescent light bulb in the late 19th century, although there were earlier versions by other inventorsand Alexander
Graham Bell's invention of the telephone significantly impacted American society. Alexander Graham Bell was awarded in
the US for inventing the telephone during 1876 time. The telephone is a communication device that allows people to talk to
each other over long distances by converting sound into electrical signals and then back into sound.
3. **Automobile and Aviation:** The early 20th century brought advancements like the Model T Ford, also known as the
"Tin Lizzie," was an automobile produced by the Ford Motor Company and introduced in 1908. And the Wright Brothers'
first powered flight, revolutionizing transportation. On December 17, 1903, Wilbur and Orville Wright, aviation pioneers
from Dayton, Ohio, achieved the world's first powered, controlled, sustained flight.
4. **Computing and Electronics:** The mid-20th century saw the emergence of the computer industry, with pioneers like
IBM and the birth of Silicon Valley, leading to the development of personal computers, the internet, and the tech giants we
know today.
5. **Space Exploration:** America made significant strides in space technology with the Apollo moon landing in 1969,
leading to ongoing advancements in aerospace technology.
6. **Information Age:** The late 20th century and early 21st century witnessed the rapid growth of the internet, mobile
devices, and digital technologies, shaping modern American life.

Here's the Evolution of Technology in the Philippines that I have found in the tenternet:
1. **Colonial Influence:** The Philippines was influenced by Spanish and American colonial rule in the late 19th and early
20th centuries, introducing technologies like railways and telegraph systems.

**Spanish Colonial Influence (Late 16th Century - 1898):**

1. **Architecture:** Spanish colonial architecture is evident in the design of churches, cathedrals, and forts across the
Philippines. Notable examples include the San Agustin Church in Manila and Fort Santiago.
2. **Language:** The Spanish introduced many Spanish words into the Filipino language, including words related to
religion, government, and everyday life.
3. **Agriculture:** Techniques for cultivating crops like rice and sugarcane, as well as the use of the carabao (water
buffalo) in farming, have Spanish influences.

**American Colonial Influence (1898 - 1946):**

1. **Transportation:** The American colonial period brought significant advancements in transportation. The construction
of railways, such as the Manila Railroad Company, improved the movement of goods and people across the islands.
2. **Communication:** The introduction of telegraph systems enhanced long-distance communication within the
Philippines and with other parts of the world. This improved business and government coordination.
3. **Education:** American colonial authorities established a formal education system, including the University of the
Philippines. English was introduced as the medium of instruction, which continues to be widely spoken and used in
education and business today.
4. **Urban Planning:** American urban planning concepts influenced the development of cities and infrastructure,
including road networks, sanitation systems, and public health initiatives.
5. **Printing and Media:** The American period saw the growth of the newspaper industry, promoting freedom of the
press and the spread of information.

2. **Post-Independence Industrialization:** After gaining independence in 1946, the Philippines focused on

industrialization and infrastructure development, including telecommunications and transportation.

3. **Information Technology and Outsourcing:** In the late 20th century and early 21st century, the Philippines became a
global hub for business process outsourcing (BPO) and IT services, driving growth in the technology sector.

4. **Mobile and Internet Penetration:** The widespread adoption of mobile phones and the internet has connected Filipinos
and spurred digital entrepreneurship.
5. **Renewable Energy:** With a focus on sustainable development, the Philippines has invested in renewable energy
technologies like solar and wind power.
6. **Startups and Innovation:**

Automotive - anything related to automobiles or motor vehicles.

Tools and Equipments

Wrenches- are made in various shapes and sizes and are used for gripping, fastening,
turning, tightening and loosening things like pipes, pipe fittings, nuts and bolts.

Adjustable wrench, also known as an adjustable spanner or crescent, is used to turn or

loosen a nut or bolt.

Allen wrenches- used for tightening and loosening hexagonal bolts and other compatible
fasteners.

Socket Or Ratchet Set- allows the handle to engage and tighten the fastener when you
swing it in a clockwise direction and turn freely when you swing it counterclockwise.

Lug wrench- is socket wrench specifically used to tighten or loosen a lug nut that is found most
commonly on tires.
Spark Plug Wrench- designed to simplify removing and tightening spark plugs in your vehicle

Jack - is an essential tool to work on the underside of cars and engines

Jack Stands- used to raise a car

Screwdriver Set- most commonly used automotive tool

Pliers- can be used to grip parts, loosen or tighten

fasteners, crimp wires, or cut wires.

Hammers- can be used to straighten parts, bending parts,

dislodge stuck components, or even pound body panels back
into shape.

Work light is necessary to illuminate dark spaces in the engine

bay or other difficult-to-see places when working on a car.

Battery analyzer is an electronic tester used to assess the battery’s state

Digital multimeter can test for continuity to detect breaks in the wiring,
check voltages and current to ensure the component is receiving
electricity, or test if a component is blown.

Digital caliper is a precision instrument used to take very accurate measurements

Oil pan is used as a drainage pan to collect a range of fluids from a car’s systems that require maintenance.

Oil filter wrench is also called a strap wrench and is designed to remove the oil filter from a
car’s engine

Tire pressure gauge measures the air or gas pressure inside a car tire.

Automotive stethoscope used as a diagnostic tool by experienced mechanics.

Jumper cables or a battery booster is useful for starting a vehicle with a flat or dead battery.

EQUIPMENTS

VEHICLE LIFT- to raise the vehicle to the height needed for these services.

Air compressor

Oil drain and oil Caddy services like changing oil and transmission fluid will need an oil caddy.

Battery charger and jumper

Engine hoist engine crane (also referred as engine hoist) is a common repair tool used in vehicle
repair shops to remove or install gasoline or diesel engines in small and crowded vehicle engine
compartments.

Brake lathe is used to correct the thickness of a rotor after issues with vibration or noise problems
after a period of heavy brake use.

Strut spring are designed to compress strut springsAair-conditioning system in a car works by
manipulating refrigerant between a liquid and a gaseous state, it absorbs heat and humidity from the
vehicle and allows the system to give off cool, dry air.
Press are used in forging, molding, punching, clinching and other operations. They can create intricate shapes while
being economical with materials

MAINTENANCE OF TOOLS, EQUIPMENT, AND PARAPHERNALIA

5 Tips (And Some Tricks!) to Properly Maintain Your Tools

1. FIND PROPER STORAGE

2. CLEAN YOUR TOOLS
3. INSPECT YOUR TOOLS
4. MONITOR YOUR ENVIRONMENT
5. PRACTICE SAFETY PRECAUTIONS

1. Lubrication: to prevent rust and ensure smooth operation.

2. Handle Grips: Check the condition of handle grips regularly and replace any worn or damaged grips to
maintain a comfortable and secure grip on your tools.
3. Rust Prevention: Use rust prevention products, such as rust inhibitors or rust-resistant coatings, to protect
your tools from corrosion, especially in humid or coastal areas.
4. Blade Care: Keep cutting tools sharp and clean. Regularly sharpen blades and clean off any residue or sap to
maintain their cutting performance and prevent damage to the tools.
5. Electrical Safety: For power tools, inspect the power cords regularly for any signs of wear or fraying. Replace
damaged cords promptly to prevent electrical hazards.
6. Calibration: If your tools have adjustable settings, such as torque wrenches or measuring devices,
periodically calibrate them to ensure accurate readings and reliable performance.
7. Wooden Handles: If your tools have wooden handles, periodically sand and oil the handles to prevent them
from drying out or splintering.
8. Impact Protection: Use tool belts, cases, or foam inserts to protect your tools from impact or accidental
drops, especially when transporting them.
9. Proper Tool Use: Use each tool for its intended purpose and avoid using excessive force. Misusing tools can
lead to damage and reduce their lifespan.
10. Regular Maintenance Schedule: Establish a regular maintenance schedule to ensure that cleaning,
inspection, and maintenance tasks are performed consistently, helping you stay on top of tool care.

EVOLUTION OF AUTOMOBILE IN AMERICA

1. EARLY EXPERIMENTS (LATE 18TH TO EARLY 19TH CENTURY): The concept of a self-propelled vehicle dates
back to the late 18th century, with inventors like Nicolas-Joseph Cugnot creating steam-powered vehicles in
the late 1700s. However, these early attempts were not practical for widespread use.
2. THE BIRTH OF THE AUTOMOBILE (LATE 19TH CENTURY) The late 19th century saw significant developments
in internal combustion engines. In 1885-1886, Karl Benz (from Germany) built and patented the
Motorwagen, often considered the first true automobile, powered by a gasoline engine.
3. 3. MASS PRODUCTION (EARLY 20TH CENTURY) Henry Ford's introduction of the assembly line in 1913
revolutionized car manufacturing. The Model T, produced using this method, became the first affordable and
mass-produced car, making automobiles accessible to many
4. RISE OF ESTABLISHED AUTOMAKERS (1920S-1930S) Companies like General Motors, Chrysler, and Ford
became dominant forces in the automotive industry during this period, introducing various models and
innovations.
5. WORLD WAR II AND POST-WAR BOOM (1940S-1950S): The automotive industry played a crucial role in World
War II, producing military vehicles. After the war, there was a surge in consumer demand for cars, leading to
the development of larger, more stylish vehicles, and the expansion of the highway system.
6. SAFETY AND REGULATION (1960S1970S) Concerns about vehicle safety led to the introduction of safety
features like seat belts, airbags, and emissions regulations. The oil crisis of the 1970s prompted the
development of more fuel efficient cars.
 7. GLOBALIZATION (1980SPRESENT) Automakers began expanding globally, with Japanese manufacturers like
Toyota and Honda gaining prominence. Advances in technology led to the development of electronic system,
including fuel injection and onboard computers.
8. ENVIRONMENTAL AWARENESS (1990S-PRESENT) Growing environmental concerns led to the development of
hybrid vehicles and electric cars. Tesla's introduction of electric vehicles in the 2000s helped popularize the
idea of sustainable transportation.
9. AUTONOMOUS VEHICLES AND CONNECTIVITY (2010S-PRESENT) Self-driving technology and advanced
connectivity features have become major areas of innovation. Companies like Waymo and Tesla have been at
the forefront of autonomous vehicle development..
10. RIDE-SHARING AND MOBILITY SERVICES (2010S-PRESENT) Companies like Uber and Lyft disrupted traditional
transportation models by introducing ride-sharing services, contributing to the changing landscape of
personal mobility.

EVOLUTION OF AUTOMOBILE IN THE PHILIPPINES

COLONIAL PERIOD

Spanish Colonization (1565- 1898): Filipinos used to riding animal-pulled vehicles—like the caruajes ( also known as
rokabays, must-haves for prominent Filipinos), quiles, caretons, calesas, and, in the rural areas, the wheelless, sled-
like paragos.

American Colonization (1898- 1941): As an American-ruled territory, the introduction of the automobile to our
islands was assured. Now, with the prospect of owning a modern motorized wonder realized, the Philippines' car
industry thrived.

1939-1945

Pre-World War II: Before World War II, small-scale local production of vehicles and components began. Notable
among them was the production of jeepneys, which became iconic forms of public transportation in the country

Post-World War II: After the war, the automotive industry saw some growth as local companies engaged in vehicle
assembly. Sarao Motors, known for its jeepney manufacturing, was one of the prominent players during this period.

1950s-1960s: The government began to encourage domestic manufacturing through protective tariffs and other
policies. Local companies like Ford Philippines and Delta Motors Corporation produced vehicles locally.

1970s-1980s: Japanese automakers, including Toyota, Honda, and Nissan, established manufacturing and assembly
plants in the Philippines. These companies had a significant influence on the local automotive landscape.

1990s: The Philippine government introduced the Comprehensive Automotive Resurgence Strategy (CARS) program
to stimulate domestic vehicle production and encourage investments in the industry

2000s: The government began to liberalize the importation of vehicles, leading to an influx of imported brands and
models. Japanese automakers remained dominant, with Toyota maintaining a strong market presence.

Early 2010s: The emergence of ride-sharing services like Grab and Uber started to impact the automotive landscape,
particularly in urban areas, changing how people accessed transportation.

Recent Years (Late 20th Century to Early 21st Century): The Philippine automotive industry has continued to grow,
with a diverse range of vehicles, from compact cars to trucks and SUVs. The market has also seen the introduction of
hybrid and electric vehicles in response to environmental concerns.

UTILIZATION OF AUTOMOBILE

- Personal Tranportation
- Public Transportation
- Industrial Applications
- Electric Vehicles
- Autonomous Vehicles
 - Connectivity Safety
- Environmental Impact
- Research and Development Innovation

SIGNIFICANCE

- The Automobile gave more personal freedom

- It led to the development of better roads and transportation
- It led to the development of better roads and transportation
- The automobile gave people access to jobs, places to live, and services.
- Brought new laws and transportation
- Make life easier PRODUCTS IN AUTOMOTIVE
- Contribute to economic growth
Automobiles -these are the end products, including cars, trucks, and other
10 BASIC CAR REPAIRS types of vehicles.
1. Changing a Flat Tire Engine- the heart of any vehicle, engines come in various types, such as
2. Jump-Starting a Dead Battery gasoline, diesel, electric, and hybrid.
3. Replacing Windshield Wipers
4. Changing Engine Oil Transmissions- these components are crucial for controlling power and speed
5. Replacing Air Filters in a vehicle.
6. Checking and Topping Off Fluids
Tires -provide the necessary grip and handling for vehicles.
7. Replacing Spark Plugs
8. Changing Brake Pads Electronics and Infotainment- modern vehicles feature advanced electronic
9. Fixing a Leaky Radiator Hose systems and infotainment systems.
10. Diagnosing Warning Lights
Safety Systems- these include airbags, anti-lock braking systems (ABS), and
advanced driver assistance systems (ADAS).

Materials - various materials are used in vehicle manufacturing, from steel

and aluminum to plastics and composites.

ORGANIZATION IN AUTOMOTIVE

Automobile Manufacturers- these are the companies that design, produce, and sell cars, trucks, and other vehicles.
Examples include Ford, Toyota, Volkswagen, General Motors, and BMW.

Automotive Suppliers - these companies provide components, parts, and systems to automobile manufacturers. They
can specialize in areas like electronics, engines, tires, and more. Prominent suppliers include Bosch, Continental,
Denso, and Magna.

Dealerships - automotive dealerships sell new and used vehicles directly to consumers. They also offer maintenance
and repair services. Examples include local dealerships representing various brands.

Aftermarket and Parts Retailers - these organizations sell replacement parts, accessories, and aftermarket products
for vehicles. Popular aftermarket retailers include AutoZone, Advance Auto Parts, and O'Reilly Auto Parts.

Research and Development Centers - these organizations focus on automotive research, innovation, and technology
development. Some are affiliated with universities, while others are independent research institutes.

Government and Regulatory Agencies - government bodies at various levels establish and enforce automotive safety
standards, emissions regulations, and transportation policies. Examples include the National Highway Traffic Safety
Administration (NHTSA) in the United States and the European Commission's Directorate-General for Mobility and
Transport (DG MOVE).

Automotive Finance and Insurance Companies - these organizations provide financing options, insurance coverage,
and warranty services for vehicles. Banks, credit unions, and specialized insurance companies are involved in this
sector. Marketing and Advertising Agencies Agencies specializing in automotive marketing, advertising, and public
relations work with manufacturers and dealerships to promote vehicles and brands.

Education and Training Institutions - technical schools, colleges, and universities offer automotive programs and
training to prepare students for careers in the industry.

CAREER OPPORTUNITIES IN AUTOMOTIVE

Quality Control Specialist - Inspect and ensure the quality of manufactured components and vehicles. Production
Supervisor/Manager - Oversee the manufacturing process, manage workers, and meet production goals. Supply
Chain Manager - Manage the logistics and supply chain for automotive components.
Automotive Technician/Mechanic - Diagnose and repair vehicles, including routine maintenance and complex repairs.
Service Advisor - Assist customers, schedule appointments, and provide vehicle maintenance recommendations.
Shop Manager - Oversee the daily operations of an automotive repair shop or service center. Parts Specialist -
Manage inventory and supply of replacement parts.
Sales Representative - Sell vehicles to consumers or businesses at dealerships or directly for manufacturers.
Marketing Specialist/Manager - Develop and execute marketing campaigns for automotive brands and products.
Product Manager - Manage the lifecycle of automotive products and services, from concept to market.
Connected Car Engineer - Develop software and systems for vehicle connectivity and infotainment. Autonomous
Vehicle Engineer - Work on self-driving car technologies, including sensors and algorithms.
Cybersecurity Specialist - Protect vehicle systems from cyber threats.
Data Analyst/Scientist - Analyze vehicle and driving data for insights and improvements. Automotive Design
Automotive Designer - create the visual appearance of vehicles, both exterior and interior.
Color and Materials Designer - Select materials, colors, and finishes for vehicles.
Modeler - Create physical and digital prototypes of vehicle designs.
Environmental Engineer - Focus on reducing the environmental impact of automotive operations.
Sustainability Manager -Develop and implement sustainability initiatives within automotive organizations. Regulatory
and Compliance Automotive Journalism and Media Regulatory Affairs
Specialist - Ensure vehicles and operations comply with government regulations and safety standards.
Automotive Journalist - Write, report, or create content about automotive topics for publications, websites, or
television.