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Solved Problems Chapter 5

The document provides information about calculating the expected value and variance of a random variable X based on its probability distribution. It gives the expected value of X as 66, and the variance as 219. The standard deviation is the positive square root of the variance, which is 14.8. It also discusses using binomial probability tables to find probabilities associated with binomial distributions.

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10 views3 pages

Solved Problems Chapter 5

The document provides information about calculating the expected value and variance of a random variable X based on its probability distribution. It gives the expected value of X as 66, and the variance as 219. The standard deviation is the positive square root of the variance, which is 14.8. It also discusses using binomial probability tables to find probabilities associated with binomial distributions.

Uploaded by

Cyprian
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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5.

a. The expected value of x is calculated using equation 5-1, E(x) = ∑ xP(x).

E(x) = (50)(0.375) + (65)(0.15) + (70)(0.225) + (75)(0.05) + (90)(0.20) = 66.

b. The variance of x is calculated using the following equation, ∑[x-E(x)]2P(x). The calculations are
shown below:

x P(x) xP(x) [x-E(x)] [x-E(x)]2P(x)

50 0.375 18.75 -16 96

65 0.15 9.75 -1 0.15

70 0.225 15.75 4 3.6

75 0.05 3.75 9 4.05

90 0.2 18 24 115.2

The variance of x is equal to 96 + 0.15 + 3.6 + 4.05 + 115.2 = 219.00

c. The standard deviation is computed using equation 5-2. The standard deviation is the positive
square root of the variance calculated in (b) above.

Thus, σx =

5.23 The following steps are used to solve this problem:

Step 1: Define the characteristics of the binomial distribution.


n = 10, p = .30, x = 3

Step 2: Determine the probability of x successes in n trials using the binomial formula.

There is a 0.2668 chance of observing 3 successes in a sample of ten items selected randomly
from a population in which the probability of a success is 0.30.
5.25 Use binomial table for n = 20

a. P(x = 5) = P(x < 5) - P(x < 4) = 0.1256 – 0.0510 = .0746

b. P(x > 7) = 1- P(x <6)= 1 - 0.7858 = .2142

c. E[x] = np = 20(.20) = 4

d.

===================================================================================

Important Note to NCCU Students: Question: Where does the probabilities: "0.1256" & "0.0510" &
"0.7858" come from? Answer: The numbers are coming from the "Probablities Distribution Tables". It is
important that you know how to use the "Probability Distribution Tables". You will use probability tables
more in the future chapters and in future courses. Since the assumption is that you know how to use
them after this chapter, I provide the instructions here for you.

At the end of your textbook, there are several "Probablity Distribution Tables". This problem uses the
"Cumulative Binomial Distribution Table" as displayed in pages 745-to-758 of your tetbook.

To find "P(x < 5)", we know from problem 5-25, that probability p= 0.40, and n=20. These three pieces of
information (i.e. 5, 0.40 & 20), take us to page 755 (notice n=20 in the middle of the page), find the
column titled p=0.40 (last table, third row from right); from the left side of the page (same last table),
find x=5, and now find the associated number for x=5 and P=0.40 which is: "0.1256". (from P=0.40
column, come down 6 numbers, and from the x=5 row go to the right 7 numbers, the number in the
intersection is: 0.1256, which is the number associated with both).

To find "P(x < 4)", in this problem, see the number just above "0.1256": "0.0510" is right there.

To find "P(x < 6)", please note the NEW p=0.25; on the same page, find the column titled p=0.25; now
find associated number in x=6 row: "0.7858" is right there.

===================================================================================

Need more instructions? Watch this: Binomial Distribution: Using the Probability Tables
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OMTExZ6PHXs

===================================================================================
5.52 To determine this probability we recognize that because the sampling is without replacement
and the sample size is large relative to the size of the population, the hypergeometric
distribution applies. The following steps can be used:

Step 1: Define the population size and the combined sample size.

The population size is N = 14 and the combined sample size is n = 5

Step 2: Define the event of interest.

We are interested in the event described by getting

Step 3: Determine the number of each category in the population and the number in category
in the sample.

Step 4: Compute the desired probability using the hypergeometric distribution.

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