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RESEARCH Risks and Benefits of the Researcher:

1. Exposure and opening-up
‘’ Research is formalized curiosity. It is 2. Being proven wrong
poking and prying with a purpose’’ - Bales 3. Knowledge is being used for the
wrong purpose
‘’ In the broadest sense, it is the attempt to
gain a solution to problems, collection of 1. High of being the creator of new
data in a controlled situation for prediction’’ knowledge, to be a pioneer, to add
- Treece & Treece to the body of mankind’s knowledge
2. The opportunities to contribute to
‘’ A careful, critical, disciplined inquiry, national development
varying techniques, and method’’ - Good 3. Opportunity to share and exchange
ideas with other scientists all over
‘’The process of creating new knowledge’’ the world
- Sir Orong
Motivations to conduct Research:
What is RESEARCH for? 1. Curiosity, Special Interest
- It is to create new and relevant 2. Research career and opportunities
knowledge, with the purpose of 3. Status, Prestige, Survival
improving our lives
‘’Most research is conducted along research
RESEARCHER - The creator of knowledge priorities of a country or the research
agenda of an instruction’’
Attributes of the Researcher:
1. Imagination Research can also be ‘’fund-driven’’
- Concepts, method,
implications, and use of PURPOSES of research:
research Primary Purpose: Presentation and
improvement of the quality of human life
● Ability to interpret what is and what
is not ● All kinds of research are directed
● Ability to make sensible conclusions toward this end:
based on results - The purpose of research is to
● Ability to see and decide what serve man, and the goal of
comes next research is the good life

2. Passion Specific purpose:

- Truth, excellence, persevere 1. To discover new facts about known
- No place for ‘’pwede na’’ phenomenon
2. To find answers to problems, which
TASKS for the Researcher: are only partially solved by existing
1. Dream Big methods and information
2. Create 3. To improve existing techniques and
3. Don’t Imitate! INNOVATE develop new instructions or products
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4. To discover previous unrecognized

substances or elements CHARACTERISTICS of Good Research
5. To discover pathways of action in 1. Controlled
known substances and elements - Minimize the effect of other factors
6. To satisfy the researcher's curiosity on the relationship of variables
7. To expand or verify existing
knowledge 2. Rigorous
8. To improve educational practices for - Ensure that the procedures and
revising the quality of products designs should be strictly followed
9. To promote health and prolong life
10. To provide basis for decision-making 3. Systematic
11. To find answers - Procedures should follow logical
sequence
Research as an academic process:
1. Can develop new techniques in 4. Valid and Verifiable
PT/OT - Conclusion is based on findings /
2. Can be used to evaluate the utility of results
new PT/OT interventions and
processes 5. Empirical
3. Can provide the tools for assessing - Conclusions are based on hard
and evaluating new PT/OT evidences collected from real life
intervention experiences
4. Can provide answers to providers
concerning health maintenance, 6. Critical
health delivery, and healthcare - Process employed must be footproof
5. Can help in determining areas of free from any drawback
need relating to education, patient
teaching, interpersonal relations,
and improvement 3 PERSPECTIVE of Research
1. Application of the research study
2. Objectives in undertaking the
Introduction to Research: research
Research - is a way of thinking 3. Type of information sought
-more than a set of skills
- It is a habit of QUESTIONING
TYPES of Research
APPLICATION of Research: 1. Pure Research
- Can looked at from the perspective - Developing and testing theories and
of: hypotheses that are challenging to
1. The service provider the researcher
2. The consumer/patient
3. The administrator, manager, or 2. Applied Research
planner - Seek to solve practical problems
4. The professional
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3. Descriptive Research - The question to be answered or

- Objectives resolved
- The issues that needs to be settled
4. Correlational Research
- Investigates relationship between -Does not deal with moral or ethical issues
two variables - Without a problem, there is no need for us
to do RESEARCH
5. Explanatory Research
- Answers the question how and why CHARACTERISTICS of Research
- Attempts to clarify what and how 1. Researchability
-it can be resolved through research
6. Exploratory Research -it can be tested empirically
- A.k.a ‘’feasibility study’’ ‘’pilot study’’ 2. Significance - a good research is
one that is ‘’matters the answer is’’
Based on Information sought: - Affects large population
Criteria: - Has serious morbidity consequences
1. Purpose of the study - Is related to ongoing projects
2. How to measure variable - Fills a gap of knowledge
- Has practical application
1. Qualitative Research - Will improve the practice of the
- Describe the quality of the situation profession
Result: worth the time, effort and money
2. Quantitative Research
- Involves quantifying the variations 3. Feasibility
- Count - The methodology that will be
required in answering the questions
must be feasible and practical
- Adequate subjects can be gathered
Problem Identification and Clarification for the study
The Research Process: 8 step model - The procedures are technically
possible
Step 1: Formulating a research problem - The information needed can be
Step 2: Conceptualizing a research design collected
Step 3: Construct the necessary instrument - The resources are available
for data formulation - The study can be completed within a
Step 4: Selection of the sample population reasonable period of time
Step 5: Writing of the research proposal
Step 6: Collection of data Other CONSIDERATIONS
Step 7: Processing data 1. Critical Mass - the problem is broad
Step 8: Writing of the research report and large enough such that there is
adequate mass of information to
STEP 1: FORMULATING A RESEARCH work on
PROBLEM - The problem is not too specific and
The research problem is: small in scope
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2. Interest - there must be current -have adequate level of expertise for

interest in the problem the task
5. Relevance
ELEMENTS of good research problem -the topic should be important to the
profession
Specific 6. Availability of the data
- The problem should specifically -make sure that the data needed is
stated readily available
7. Ethical Issues
Measurable -adverse effects on sensitive
- It is easy to be measured using questions
research instrument in collecting
data STEPS in the formulation of research
problem
Achievable 1. Identify
- The data are achievable using -a broad area of interest in your
correct statistical techniques to academic/professional field
arrive at precise result
2. Dissect
Realistic -broad area into sub-areas
- Real results are not manipulated
3. Select
Time Bounded -a sub-area or areas in which you would like
- Time Frame is required in every to conduct your research
activity
4. Raise Research Questions
SOURCES of good research problem -that will like to answer through your study
1. People
2. Problems 5. Formulate objectives
3. Programs -main objectives and sub-objectives of the
4. Phenomena study

CONSIDERATIONS in selecting a research 6. Asses

problem: -these objectives to ascertain the feasibility
1. Interest
-motivation to conduct and finish the 7. Double-Check
research -that you are sufficiently interested in the
2. Magnitude study and have adequate resources for
-sufficient knowledge about the undertaking it
research process
3. Measurement of concepts
-indicators must be clear and
measurable
4. Level of Expertise