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4 Optimum Channel Section

1) The most efficient channel cross section is the one that maximizes the hydraulic radius (R), which occurs when the depth of flow (d) is half the width of the wetted perimeter. 2) For a rectangular channel with a flow area of 10 m^2, the optimal dimensions are a depth (d) of 2.24 m and a width (b) of 4.48 m. 3) For a trapezoidal channel with a flow area of 14 m^2 and side slopes of 30°, the optimal dimensions are a depth (d) of 2.5 m and a bottom width (b) of 1.2 m.

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Halima Sibayan Sawangan
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549 views9 pages

4 Optimum Channel Section

1) The most efficient channel cross section is the one that maximizes the hydraulic radius (R), which occurs when the depth of flow (d) is half the width of the wetted perimeter. 2) For a rectangular channel with a flow area of 10 m^2, the optimal dimensions are a depth (d) of 2.24 m and a width (b) of 4.48 m. 3) For a trapezoidal channel with a flow area of 14 m^2 and side slopes of 30°, the optimal dimensions are a depth (d) of 2.5 m and a bottom width (b) of 1.2 m.

Uploaded by

Halima Sibayan Sawangan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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( also known as the most Advantageous ,

most Economical or most Efficient Section)

Maximum Discharge Q
Maximum Velocity V
Maximum Hydraulic Radius R
Minimum Wetted Perimeter P
Rectangle:

b = 2 d, or R = d/2
Trapezoid:

θ θ d
S

b
a) If SS is not specified:
b = S, θ = 300 or R = d/2
b) If SS is known:
R = d/2
Semicircle:

D
(D = diameter)

d = D/2

Depth of Flow, d = D/2


Triangle (Isocesles):

θ
d

Θ= 90 0

L =2d
CIRCLE:
(D = diameter)

D
d

Depth of Flow, d = 0.94 D


Example #1:
(a) What are the best dimensions for a rectangular channel having a flow cross
section of 10 m2?
(b) What are the best dimensions of a trapezoidal channel having a flow cross section
of 14 m2 and sides sloping at 30o ?
SOLUTION:
(a) For rectangular section, the most efficient is where b = 2d or R = d/2.

2d

Since A = b d, then
10 = bd = 2d(d) = 2d2
10 = 2d2
d = 2.24 m
b = 2d = 2(2.24)
b = 4.48 m
Cont.. SOLUTION:
(b) For Trapezoidal section, the most efficient is where R = d/2.
d tan 60o d tan 60o
b

60o d
30o
s
b

Length of sloping side, S = d sec 60o = 2d


Area of section, ATrap = ½ (a + b) h
14 = ½ [b + b + 2(d tan 60o)] d
28 = 2 bd + 2 d2 tan 60o
Or 14 = bd + 1.73 d2 (Eq. 1) Substitute Eq.2 into Eq. 1
Wetted Perimeter, P = b + 2 (2d) 28 −4𝑑2
14 = (d) + 1.73 d2
P = b + 4d 𝑑

𝐴 𝑑 d = 2.50 m
Since R = 𝑃 = 2 , then
𝑑 14
= Substitute d = 2.50 into Eq. 2
2 𝑏 + 4𝑑
28 −4𝑑2 b = 1.20 m
and b = 𝑑
(Eq. 2)
Example #2:
Determine the slope that a concrete circular sewer (n=0.013), 1.50 m in diameter ,
must have when flowing at its maximum capacity if its mean velocity is 2.40 m/s.
Asegment = ½ r2 ( ϴ - sin ϴ )

D = 1.5 m ϴ
0.94D = 1.41m

For maximum capacity, the pipe must flow at a depth of 0.94 D or 0.94 (1.50) = 1.41 m
1.41 − 0.75
The central angle, ϴ = 2 Arc cos 0.75

ϴ = 57o or 1 rad
π 2 1 2
Flow Area, A = 1.5 − 0.75 (1 − sin 57𝑜 )
4 2
A = 1.72 m2 The slope is
Wetted Perimeter, P = 2πr – r ϴ = r (2π - ϴ) 𝑛2 𝑉2 (0.013)2 (2.40)2
S= 4 = 4
P = 0.75 (2π - 1) = 3.96 m 𝑅 ൗ3 (0.43) ൗ3

1.72
Hydraulic Radius, R = A/P = 3.96 = 0.43 S = 0.0030

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