Chapter

 1  Exam  Review
MDM4U  
Jensen  
 
 
Section  1.2  –  Displaying  Categorical  Data  
 
1)  A  researcher  asked  150  high  school  students  what  their  favourite  fast  food  restaurant  was.  The  results  
are  in  the  table  below:  
 
Restaurant   Number  of  Students   Relative  Frequency  
McDonald’s   22   14.7%  
Wendy’s   38   25.3%  
Subway   22   14.7%  
Harvey’s   11   7.3%  
Pizza  Pizza   29   19.3%  
A&W   6   4%  
KFC   9   6%  
Other   13   8.7%  
 
a)  What  type  of  variable  is  ‘favourite  fast  food  restaurant?’  
 
Categorical,  nominal  
 
 
b)  Would  it  be  more  appropriate  to  make  a  histogram  or  bar  graph  to  display  this  data?  
 
Bar  graph’s  are  more  appropriate  for  categorical  data  
 
c)  Complete  the  relative  frequency  column  
 
 
d)  Display  the  relative  frequencies  using  a  bar  graph  or  histogram.  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
2)  A  student  is  interested  in  whether  there  is  a  relationship  between  gender  and  major  at  her  college.  She  
randomly  sampled  some  men  and  women  on  campus  and  asked  them  if  their  major  was  part  of  the  
natural  sciences  (NS),  social  sciences  (SS),  or  humanities  (H).  Her  results  appear  in  the  table  below.    
 

    Major  

    NS   SS   H   Total  

15   22   18    
Women   =27.3%   =40%   =32.7%   55  
   
13   8   4  
=52%   =32%   =16%   25  
Gender   Men  
 

80  
Total   28   30   22  
 

 
 
a) Complete  the  totals  
 
b) Determine  if  major  depends  on  gender  by  calculating  the  conditional  distribution  of  major  based  
on  gender  (row  percentages).  
 
c) Use  your  conditional  distribution  to  describe  the  relationship  between  the  variables.  
 
Based  on  the  conditional  distribution  of  major  based  on  gender,  it  appears  that  major  does  depend  on  
gender.  A  higher  percentage  of  males  are  enrolled  in  natural  sciences,  while  there  is  a  higher  percentage  
of  females  in  social  sciences  and  humanities.    
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Section  1.3  –  Displaying  Quantitative  Data  
 
3)  The number of goals by Jaromir Jagr in each of his 21 NHL seasons is recorded below

27, 32, 34, 32, 32, 72, 47, 35, 44, 42, 52, 31, 36, 31, 54, 30, 25, 19, 16, 24, 17

a) Construct a stem-and-leaf plot to display the data

 
Stem   Leaf    
 
1   6  7  9    
2   4  5  7    
 
3   0  1  1  2  2  2  4  5  6  
 
4   2  4  7    
 
5   2  4    
6      
 
7   2    
 
 
b)  Determine  the  percent  of  seasons  where  greater  than  45  goals  were  scored.  
 
4
= 100 ≅ 19%  
21
 
 
c)  Use  the  chart  below  to  show  the  five  number  summary  for  Jagr’s  goals.  Also  compute  the  IQR.    [3]  
 
Max   72  
Min   16  
𝑸𝟏   26  
𝑸𝟐   32  
𝑸𝟑   43  
𝑰𝑸𝑹   17  
 
d)  Determine  if  there  are  any  outliers  in  the  data.  Show  your  work  including  upper  and  lower  threshold  
values.  
 
𝐿𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟  𝑡ℎ𝑟𝑒𝑠ℎ𝑜𝑙𝑑 = 𝑄! − 1.5 𝐼𝑄𝑅 = 26 − 1.5 17 = 0.5  
𝑈𝑝𝑝𝑒𝑟  𝑡ℎ𝑟𝑒𝑠ℎ𝑜𝑙𝑑 = 𝑄! + 1.5 𝐼𝑄𝑅 = 43 + 1.5 17 = 68.5  
 
Therefore,  72  is  an  outlier  
 
 
 
 
e)  Create  a  boxplot  to  display  the  data.    
 
 
 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
4)  The  heights  of  the  2013  Toronto  Raptors  (in  centimeters)  are  listed  below:  
 
201,  183,  191,  211,  201,  201,  203,  213,  206,  206,  183,  208,  198,  198,  211  
 
a)  Determine  the  range  of  the  data.  
 
𝑅𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒 = 213 − 183 = 30  
 
 
b)  Determine  an  appropriate  bin  width  that  will  divide  the  data  into  7  intervals.  
 
𝑟𝑜𝑢𝑛𝑑𝑒𝑑  𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒 35
𝐵𝑖𝑛  𝑊𝑖𝑑𝑡ℎ = = = 5  
𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟  𝑜𝑓  𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑠 7
 
 
c)  Create  a  frequency  table  for  the  data  
 
  Height  Interval   Frequency  
𝑆𝑡𝑎𝑟𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔  𝑃𝑜𝑖𝑛𝑡     180.5  –  185.5   2  
   
  185.5  –  190.5   0  
35 − 30
= 183 −     190.5  –  195.5   1  
2
= 183 − 2.5    
195.5  –  200.5   2  
= 180.5    
  200.5  –  205.5   4  
 
205.5  –  210.5   3  
 
  210.5  –  215.5   3  
 
 
d)  Create  a  histogram  of  the  data  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Section  1.5  –  Linear  Regression  Using  Technology  
 
5) Two variables have a correlation coefficient of r = 0.9. This indicates

a. a strong positive correlation c. a strong negative correlation

b. a weak positive correlation d. a weak negative correlation

6) If two variables have no correlation, their correlation coefficient would have a value of

a. 1 c. 100
b. 1 d. 0

7) Two variables have a coefficient of determination of 0.64. The correlation coefficient could be

a. 0.64 c. -0.8
b. 0.41 d. 0.36

8) A relationship in which all data values lie on the regression line has a correlation coefficient of

a. 1 c. 1
b. 0 d. +1 or -1
9) The regression line shown would have a correlation coefficient closest to

a. 1 c. -1
b. 0.5 d. 0

10) The residuals for a set of data represent the

a. differences between consecutive x-values

b. vertical differences between data points and the line of best fit
c. data points that lie below the line of best fit
d. data points that do not lie on the line of best fit

11) If a set of data has a very strong correlation, the residual values will be

a. very large c. negative

b. positive d. very small

12) A coefficient of determination, r = 0.75, indicates that

a. 75% of the data lie on the regression line

b. the slope of the regression line is 0.75
c. 75% of the variance in y can be explained by its approximate linear relationship with 𝒙
d. the data have a strong positive correlation

13) Which of the following is an example of a negative correlation?

a. amount of studying and mark on a test

b. temperature and number of kids at a pool
c. a person’s arm length and leg length
d. number of people and slices of pizza per person

14) A set of data having small residual values means that

a. the correlation coefficient is close to 0

b. there is a positive correlation
c. there is a negative correlation
d. there is a strong correlation
 
 
 
15)  A  positive  residual  value  means  that  the  data  point  lies:  
 
a. Close to the line of best fit
b. Above the line of best fit
c. On the line of best fit
d. Far away from the line of best fit
 

16)  What  type  of  linear  correlation  is  represented  when  the  correlation  coefficient  is  -­‐0.7?  
 
a. Strong negative
b. Moderate negative
c. Weak negative
d. No correlation
 
 
17)  What  type  of  correlation  is  represented  when  the  correlation  coefficient  is  0.41?  
 
a. Strong positive
b. Moderate positive
c. Weak positive
d. No correlation
 
 
18)  This  table  shows  the  data  for  the  full-­‐time  employees  of  a  small  company.    
 
Age  (year)   33   25   19   44   50   54   38   29  
Annual  Income  
33   31   18   52   56   60   44   35  
(in  thousands)  
2.5028  
Residuals   -­‐4.099   3.1044   -­‐2.993   2.2472   -­‐0.6551   -­‐1.257   1.1494  
 
 
a)  Construct  a  scatterplot  using  your  calculator  
 
b)  Find  the  equation  of  the  regression  line  and  interpret  the  slope  and  y-­‐intercept  in  context.  
 
𝑅𝑒𝑔𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛  𝐸𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛:  𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑𝑖𝑐𝑡𝑒𝑑  𝑖𝑛𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑒 = −0.864 + 1.150(𝑎𝑔𝑒)  
 
𝑆𝑙𝑜𝑝𝑒 = 1.15; 𝑓𝑜𝑟  𝑒𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑦  1  𝑦𝑒𝑎𝑟  𝑖𝑛𝑐𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑠𝑒  𝑖𝑛  𝑎𝑔𝑒, 𝑡ℎ𝑒  𝑚𝑜𝑑𝑒𝑙  𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑𝑖𝑐𝑡𝑠  𝑎  $1150  𝑖𝑛𝑐𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑠𝑒  𝑖𝑛  𝑎𝑛𝑛𝑢𝑎𝑙  𝑖𝑛𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑒  
 
𝑦 − 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑐𝑒𝑝𝑡 = −0.864; 𝑎𝑡  𝑎𝑔𝑒  0, 𝑡ℎ𝑒  𝑚𝑜𝑑𝑒𝑙  𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑𝑖𝑐𝑡𝑠  𝑎𝑛  𝑎𝑛𝑛𝑢𝑎𝑙  𝑖𝑛𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑒  𝑜𝑓 − $864  
 
 
 c)  Find  and  interpret  correlation  coefficient,  r.      
 
𝑟 = 0.98; 𝑡ℎ𝑖𝑠  𝑡𝑒𝑙𝑙𝑠  𝑢𝑠  𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒  𝑖𝑠  𝑎  𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑜𝑛𝑔, 𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒, 𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑎𝑟  𝑐𝑜𝑟𝑟𝑒𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛  𝑏𝑒𝑡𝑤𝑒𝑒𝑛  𝑎𝑔𝑒  𝑎𝑛𝑑  𝑎𝑛𝑛𝑢𝑎𝑙  𝑖𝑛𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑒  
 
 d)  Find  the  coefficient  of  determination,  r2.    Interpret  it  in  the  context  of  this  data.  
 
𝑟 ! = 0.965; 𝑡ℎ𝑖𝑠  𝑡𝑒𝑙𝑙𝑠  𝑢𝑠  𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑡  𝑎𝑏𝑜𝑢𝑡  96.5%  𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡  𝑜𝑓  𝑡ℎ𝑒  𝑣𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛  𝑖𝑛  𝑎𝑛𝑛𝑢𝑎𝑙  𝑖𝑛𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑒  𝑐𝑎𝑛  𝑏𝑒    
𝑒𝑥𝑝𝑙𝑎𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑑  𝑏𝑦  𝑖𝑡𝑠  𝑎𝑝𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑥𝑖𝑚𝑎𝑡𝑒  𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑎𝑟  𝑟𝑒𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑠ℎ𝑖𝑝  𝑤𝑖𝑡ℎ  𝑎𝑔𝑒.    
e)  Calculate  the  residual  values,  record  them  and  analyze  them  using  the  residual  plot  to  help.  Is  a  linear  
model  a  good  fit?  
 
There  is  no  distinguishable  pattern  in  the  
residual  plot  and  the  residual  values  are  
relatively  small.  This  tells  us  that  the  linear  
regression  is  a  good  model  for  the  data.    

f) Using  the  linear  regression  equation,  what  would  you  predict  the  annual  income  of  a  40  year  old  to  be?
 
𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑𝑖𝑐𝑡𝑒𝑑  𝑖𝑛𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑒 = −0.864 + 1.150 40 = 45.136  
 
The  predicted  annual  income  of  a  40  year  old  is  $45  136