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Dynamics Ex1

This document contains 7 questions regarding kinematics and dynamics concepts like velocity, acceleration, and motion. Question 1 involves plotting velocity and acceleration over time for a particle and calculating related values. Question 2 determines the time and velocity for a rocket to reach an altitude. Question 3 calculates the acceleration and time needed for an aircraft carrier catapult. The remaining questions involve calculating values related to motion under constant or changing acceleration.

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dinalamin195
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36 views1 page

Dynamics Ex1

This document contains 7 questions regarding kinematics and dynamics concepts like velocity, acceleration, and motion. Question 1 involves plotting velocity and acceleration over time for a particle and calculating related values. Question 2 determines the time and velocity for a rocket to reach an altitude. Question 3 calculates the acceleration and time needed for an aircraft carrier catapult. The remaining questions involve calculating values related to motion under constant or changing acceleration.

Uploaded by

dinalamin195
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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DYNAMICS 1

Examples 1 Kinematics - fundamentals


Unless otherwise stated the units of length and time are metre and second, respectively.
The acceleration due to gravity g =9.81m/s2.

Q1. The velocity of a particle in the x-direction is given by the equation: v = 2t2 - 6t + 12
(i) Plot the velocity and acceleration accurately for the first 5 seconds [ 0 ≤ t ≤ 5 ].
(ii) What is the velocity and acceleration after a time of 5s?
(iii) If at time t = 0, the particle’s position x is zero, what is its position after a time of 5s?
(iv) When will the velocity be a minimum and what will its value be then?
(v) What is the acceleration at this time?

Q2. A rocket is fired vertically from rest from the Moon. It maintains a constant acceleration of
15m/s2. Determine, (i) how long it will take to reach an altitude of 30km, and, (ii) its
velocity at that moment. Assume that the Moon is stationary.

Q3. Calculate the constant acceleration which the catapult of an aircraft-carrier must provide to
produce aircraft launch velocities of 200 km/hour in a distance of 80m. How long is this
acceleration sustained? Assume that the carrier is stationary.

Q4. In a factory, small steel spheres fall through an opening at the rate of five per second.
Find the vertical separation between two consecutive spheres when the lower one has
dropped by two metres. Assume that their initial vertical velocity is zero.

Q5. A particle moves along the x-direction with constant acceleration.


Its positions at t = 0 and t = 10s are 20 and zero, respectively. Furthermore, its velocity is
zero when t = 6s. Determine (i) its acceleration, and, (ii) its velocity and position at t = 20s.

In Q6 & Q7, ensure that you sketch the x-t graph (t along the x-axis) depicting the problem statement.
Q6. A stationary motorway police patrol-man observes a car passing by at a speed of 140
km/hour. After a two-second delay to finish his doughnut, he chases after the errant
motorist while accelerating at a constant rate of 6 m/s2 in his Mitsubishi Evo. How long will
he take to catch up with the speeder? Also, how far will he have travelled and what will be
his speed at that point? [For simplicity, ignore the fact that the Evo’s top speed is about 80m/s]

Q7. An express train travels at a constant velocity of 160 km/hr until it reaches a point 2km
away from a “level-crossing” (where the train tracks cross a road). At this point, the driver
slows the train by cutting the power and applying the brakes. The acceleration rate is -0.4 m/s2
which she maintains until the train comes to a standstill at the next station, which is some
distance beyond the level-crossing.
At the same instant as the train driver begins to slow the train, a motorist who is positioned
1.5 km from the level-crossing (and travelling at 50 km/hr) decides to accelerate so that he
can cross the level-crossing ahead of the train.
(i) Calculate how long it takes for the train to reach the level crossing
(ii) If the barriers come down across the road twenty seconds before the train reaches the
crossing, establish whether the motorist will be successful if he accelerates at a constant
rate of 0.6 m/s2. If not, how far will he still have to go?
(iii) Determine the minimum acceleration required to carry out this manoeuvre successfully.
(iv) Determine the motorist’s speed when he crosses the tracks in this (last) case.

ANSWERS
Q1. (i) Sketch, (ii) v = 32 m/s, a = 14 m/s2, (iii) x = 68.3 m, (iv) t=1.5s, v=7.5 m/s, (v) zero
Q2. t = 63.2s, v = 948.7 m/s Q3. a = 19.3 m/s2, t = 2.88s Q4. Δx = 1.056m
Q5. (i) a = 2 m/s2, (ii) v = 28 m/s, x = 180m Q6. t = 14.72s, x = 650m, v = 88.3 m/s
Q7. (i) t = 62.68s, (ii) No - 360m, (iii) a = 0.996 m/s2, (iv) v = 56.4 m/s

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