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Momentum - and Collison

Here are the key steps: 1) Resolve the initial velocity into x and y components: Vx,i = 26.0cos(20°) = 24.8 m/s Vy,i = 26.0sin(20°) = 4.5 m/s 2) Resolve the final velocity into x and y components: Vx,f = 18.0cos(5°) = 17.9 m/s Vy,f = 18.0sin(5°) = 1.6 m/s 3) Use impulse equations: Δpx = m(Vx,f - Vx,i) = (1200kg)(17.9 - 24.

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40 views17 pages

Momentum - and Collison

Here are the key steps: 1) Resolve the initial velocity into x and y components: Vx,i = 26.0cos(20°) = 24.8 m/s Vy,i = 26.0sin(20°) = 4.5 m/s 2) Resolve the final velocity into x and y components: Vx,f = 18.0cos(5°) = 17.9 m/s Vy,f = 18.0sin(5°) = 1.6 m/s 3) Use impulse equations: Δpx = m(Vx,f - Vx,i) = (1200kg)(17.9 - 24.

Uploaded by

ThetMon Han
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Impulse and Momentum

Example 1

Yua (she/her) was preparing to hit a baseball. The baseball with a mass of 0.15 kg
and moving at 24 m/s [E] is struck by a bat for 0.020 s. Just after the collision, the ball
is moving at 32 m/s [W].

a) Find the initial momentum of the ball.


b) Find the final momentum of the ball.

c) Find the impulse of the ball.

d) Find the average net force acting on the ball during the collision.

Example 2

A 0.20 kg cart initially moving at 5.0 m/s [L] hits a wall and is acted on by a net force, as shown in the following graph.
Find the final velocity of the cart.
Momentum and Collisions
In this type of collision, the objects bounce off each other vigorously, without losing any mechanical energy. This type
of collision occurs between objects that bounce well, such as two billiard balls.
For elastic collisions, you may assume that both
Momentum and kinetic energy are conserved before and after the collision.
In this type of collision, the objects bounce off each other less vigorously, as a result, lose some mechanical energy.
The lost energy is mostly converted into thermal energy. This type of collision occurs between objects that separate
after the collision, but don’t bounce as easily. An example would be two tennis balls hitting each other.
In this type of collision, the objects do not bounce off each other at all. In fact, the two
objects stick together. As a result, the two objects lose the most mechanical energy that they can during a collision.
Like other inelastic collisions, the lost energy is
mostly converted into thermal energy. An example
would be two balls of clay hitting each other or a
dart hitting a dartboard

Application:

Modern cars have “crumple zones” in the front and


rear. These serve to lengthen the time of impact
for the collision, as well as to absorb as much
energy as possible, which decreases the chance
that the cars will bounce off each other and
increase the impulse. Both these factors decrease
the net force on passengers, helping to reduce the
number of injuries and deaths.

Other safety features include seat belts, air bags,


and headrests. Seat belts and air bags help to
increase the time during which the net force is
applied, and this helps to decrease the amount of
force of the collision. Headrests help to prevent
whiplash by pushing forward on the head, in the
case of a rear-end collision.
Example

1. Cart 1 with a mass of 1100 kg sits at rest at the bottom of an icy hill. Cart 2 with a mass of 1300 kg, hits cart 1 from
behind at 12 m/s. The two carts undergo a completely inelastic collision because the two bumpers become locked
together.

​ a. Find the total kinetic energy before the collision.

​ b. Find the velocity of the cars after the collision.

​ c. Find the total kinetic energy after the collision. How much mechanical energy was lost due to the collision?
​ d. What is the maximum height of the two cars as they slide up the (frictionless) hill after the collision?
Impulse in 2D

Example: A 1200 kg car is moving at 26.0 m/s [N 20° E] when it collides with a traffic barrier on the highway. The
barrier runs northward. The barrier exerts a force on the car for 0.50 s, changing the car’s velocity to 18.0 m/s[N5°W].
Find the average force exerted by the barrier on the car.

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