FINAL YEAR PROJECT REPORT

GAS DETECTOR

NAME MATRIC NUMBER

MOHAMAD AINUDDIN BIN ROSLI 24DTP21F1018
MOHAMAD FARIZ AL-HAFIZ BIN AB RAHMAN 24DTP21F1001
MUHAMMAD FAZLI AIMAN BIN MOHAMAD ZALINA 24DTP21F1010
RAZIN KHAN BIN MOHAMAD RASHIDDIN FARID KHAN 24DTP21F1007

CLASS: DTP5B

LECTURER: MS. MASFIZAIZAN BINTI MANAF

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

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 POLITEKNIK BANTING SELANGOR

GAS DETECTOR

NAME MATRIC NUMBER

MOHAMAD AINUDDIN BIN ROSLI 24DTP21F1018
MOHAMAD FARIZ AL-HAFIZ BIN AB RAHMAN 24DTP21F1001
MUHAMMAD FAZLI AIMAN BIN MOHAMAD ZALINA 24DTP21F1010
RAZIN KHAN BIN MOHAMAD RASHIDDIN FARID KHAN 24DTP21F1007

This report was submitted to the MECHANICAL Engineering Department

as partially fulfilling the conditions of the award
Diploma of MECHANICAL engineering

MECHANICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

MAY 2023

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 DECLARATION OF AUTHENTICITY AND PROPERTY

DESIGN STUDY OF GAS DETECTOR

1) We, MOHAMAD AINUDDIN BIN ROSLI (24DTP21F1018), MOHAMAD

FARIZ AL-HAFIZ BIN AB RAHMAN (24DTP21F1001), MUHAMMAD FAZLI
AIMAN BIN MOHAMAD ZALINA (24DTP21F1010), RAZIN KHAN BIN
MOHAMAD RASHIDDIN FARID KHAN (24DTP21F1007) is a student Diploma
of Mechanical Engineering, Polytechnic Banting Selangor, whose address is at
Persiaran Ilmu, Jalan Sultan Abdul Samad, 42700 Banting, Selangor.

2) I acknowledge that Gas Detector project with and existing intellectual property in it is
my original work/design without taking or copy any intellectual property from
another party.

3) we agree to submit the selection of the intellectual property of the Gas Detector to
Polytechnic Banting Selangor to fulfil the requirements for the award of a diploma in
mechanical engineering to us

Created and certified by:

i. MOHAMAD AINUDDIN BIN ROSLI …....…..…

ii. MOHAMAD FARIZ AL-HAFIZ BIN AB RAHMAN .…………
iii. MUHAMMAD FAZLI AIMAN BIN MOHAMAD ZALINA .. ..……….
iv. RAZIN KHAN BIN MOHAMAD RASHIDDIN FARID KHAN …..……….

In front of us,

MS. MASFIZAIZAN BINTI MANAF

……………….

As a project supervisor, on the date: ……………….

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 APPRECIATION

We have taken efforts in this project which is sand Gas Detector.

However, it would not have been possible without the support
and help of many individuals. We would like to say a big thank
you to all of them. Deepest appreciation to our lecturer Ms.
Masfizaizan Binti Manaf for her continuous guidance and
supervision as well as providing the necessary information
related to the project & also her support in completing this
project. We would like to express our gratitude to our parents for
their cooperation and encouragement that helped us complete this
project. We also express our gratitude and appreciation to our
colleagues in developing this project and those who are willing to
help us with their abilities.

Thank you.

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 ABSTRACT

Gas detector prototype device using MQ9 gas sensor, Compatible board DIP UNO
R3, LCD 2004 16 x 2 and 9V battery snap with DC Plug. Flammable gas and carbon
monoxide leaks are dangerous and can be life-threatening because these gases cannot be seen
or smelled. The idea behind our project is to notify people around if there is a gas leak by
activating a sounding alarm. In addition, the person inside the vehicle can prevent the
accident by looking at the LCD.

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 TABLE OF CONTENT

CHAPTER TITLE PAGE

DECLARATION OF AUTHENTICITY AND PROPERTY 3
APPRECIATION 4
ABSTRACT 5
1 INTRODUCTION
1.1) Introduction 9
1.2) Background of research 10
1.3) Problem statement 10
1.4) Objective research 11
1.5) Project questions 11
1.6) Scope of research 11
1.7) Importance of study 11
1.8) Definitions of Terms/Project Definitions 12
1.9) Summary 12
2 LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1) Introduction 13
2.2) Previous of research 14
2.2.1) project research 14
2.2.2) comparison of our product and to others 14
2.3) Summary 15
3 METHODOLOGY AND DESIGN
3.1) Introduction 16
3.2) Project design 17
3.3) Selection of material and components 18
3.4) Summary
3.5) Gantt chart

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 CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

1.1 INTRODUCTION

Road accidents are reported in newspapers and television every day. There are many
more usually caused by a damaged vehicle. As we know, Malaysia is one of the listed
countries as the highest reported road accident case leading to death. Referred to ARIMA
model by The Malaysian Road Safety Research Institute (MIROS), a study shows that
amount deaths continue to increase until almost 2000 cases from 2015 to 2020. Furthermore,
this past over the years, there have been many cases of death due to carbon monoxide
poisoning in vehicles. In September 2020, Malaysia was shocked by the news of four adults
turning tragic when two of them died while the other two were in critical condition due to
Carbon Monoxide (CO) poisoning after falling asleep in their car in a petrol station parking
lot in Penang.

As a concern of Malaysians, Gas Detectors have been introduced in the market as a

new era life saver. Basically, Gas Detectors have the ability to detect and notify users of
presence dangerous gases such as carbon monoxide and other flammable gases. It is because
of several dangerous gases such as CO (silent killer) are odorless and tasteless. At most
Common symptoms of CO poisoning are headache, dizziness, weakness, frustration stomach,
vomiting, chest pain, and confusion. Symptoms of CO are often described as flu-like. If you
breathe in a lot of CO it can make you pass out or kill you. In addition, the system as well
comes with the ability to automatically turn on the headlights depending on the light
environmental intensity. It's because sometimes people forget to turn the headlights on dark
places such as when driving at night, in underground parking lots or tunnels. This error is
dangerous because people around may not tell the presence of the user. Gas Detector which is
our project is one of the initiative from us to flatten the curve of death of human causes by
traffic accidents (especially that involved with lighting system and harmful gases).

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1.2 BACKGROUND RESEARCH

This chapter discusses the importance of reducing the rate of road accidents in
Malaysia. This is because there are frequent road accidents that can take the lives of road
users. For this case,’’ Those imperfections usually happen to older vehicles, but that doesn't
mean they can't happen to newer vehicles. It depends entirely on the use and maintenance of
a vehicle. "However, the pollution will be worse if this imperfect vehicle is in a static state
because the ventilation does not happen properly. This gas can enter the vehicle through any
leakage in the exhaust system’’. Said by, member of the Board of Directors of the Road
Safety Research Institute (MIROS), Prof Dr Wong Shaw Voon in article Berita Harian. This
study needs to be carried out to improve the safety of road users by giving instructions to
users such as sounds that can detect the presence of gas leaks in the vehicle. This can reduce
the risk of death.

1.3 PROBLEM STATEMENT

The rate of accidents involving vehicles increases year by year contributed by many
factors such as brake malfunction, driver micro sleep, gas leakage in the car and some system
malfunctions. This situation can lead to death on the road. Therefore, many cars companies
take initiatives to reduce risk by creating and improving their technology on vehicle. The
improvement is sure to attract their target customers to buy their new brand cars with high
safety features.

But, this situation can also lead to unhealthy issues where only the elite can get it
good security features. Furthermore, usually these features are expensive and limited to
certain car brand since it has built in features. It's even worse that some users don't know how
to use characteristics.

Thus, we took the initiative to create safety features that all vehicles can have users.
This safety feature can be used in all 4 tire vehicles. Next, the features are affordable and

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cheap Unlike others, our safety feature products operate automatically because the input is
the sensor.

1.4 OBJECTIVE RESEARCH

The objective of this project are:

I. To detect gas leaks

II. To improve vehicle safety

1.5 PROJECT QUESTIONS

This study will answer the following research questions:

a) What are the incident factors that take lives while in the vehicle?
b) is the way given leading to the safety of vehicle users. If so, what extent it has been
achieved effective/helpful ?

1.6 SCOPE OF RESEARCH

The scope is focused on vehicle safety. This project is to detect the presence of
leaking gas. Such a thing can save many people who are likely to be involved in the accident
that takes their lives.

1.7 IMPORTANCE OF STUDY

The importance of the project is an important thing to create a project. With this, projects can
be produced with research and high benefits to target users. Among the importance of this
project is:

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 1) Helps improve the safety of people in the vehicle.
2) Easily detect gas leaks in vehicles.
3) People in the vehicle can take action at an early stage when there is a gas leak in
the vehicle.

1.8 DEFINITIONS OF TERMS/PROJECT DEFINITIONS

When there is a gas leak in the vehicle, the alarm will sound and the LCD will show a
notification to the vehicle user.

1.9 SUMMARY

For the conclusion of this topic, the project is an idea we came up with after
researching the latest issues in this country. Such a thing is a dangerous issue that risks taking
the lives of vehicle users when there is a gas leak such as flammable gas and gas monoxide.
Therefore, to overcome the following incidents from happening to the public, we made a
product that can detect the presence of gas leaks in the vehicle in the hope that the risk of
such incidents can be avoided.

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 CHAPTER 2

LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1 INTRODUCTION

The title for our project, which is Gas Detector is based on a case that happened in
Malaysia involving four friends in 2020. The case claimed the lives of three of them and one
of them was still in critical condition at the time. Therefore, we started doing research on how
to prevent such things from happening. After doing enough research, we found that the cause
of the problem is from the leakage of monoxide gas that enters the passenger compartment
when the vehicle window is closed. Therefore, we tried to create a tool to prevent such
problems and we found that this leaky gas detector is an effective way to prevent such
accidents from happening again in this country.

In our research, Georg Ernst Stahl mentioned carbonarii halitus in 1697 in reference to
toxic vapors thought to be carbon monoxide. Friedrich Hoffmann conducted the first modern
scientific investigation into carbon monoxide poisoning from coal in 1716, notably rejecting
villagers attributing death to demonic superstition. Herman Boerhaave conducted the first
scientific experiments on the effect of carbon monoxide (coal fumes) on animals in the 1730s.
Joseph Priestley is credited with first synthesizing carbon monoxide in 1772 which he had
called heavy inflammable air, and Carl Wilhelm Scheele isolated carbon monoxide from coal
in 1773 suggesting it to be the toxic entity.

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2.2 PREVIOUS STUDIES/REVIEWS/INVESTIGATIONS

2.2.1 Project research

In an article on Astro Awani, the common notion that carbon monoxide gas leaks can
only occur in older vehicles is not true as they can also occur in newer vehicles.

Vice-Chairman of the National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)

Senator Datuk T. Mohan said in addition to this, the recommendation of some parties that
lowering vehicle mirrors can avoid carbon monoxide poisoning is also incorrect.

"The gas leak can be detected with early signs such as temperature changes in the
cabin and nausea. If there are any of these signs, the windows should be opened immediately
in addition to the air conditioning and the engine should also be turned off immediately," he
said in a 21 September 2020.

Beside that, three of four friends who were resting in a vehicle with the engine
running in Butterworth, last Wednesday died after inhaling carbon monoxide gas. One is still
being treated at the Tuanku Mizan Military Hospital in Kuala Lumpur.

2.2.2 Comparison of our Product to Others

Product in market

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  Not have a display panel
 Only have one sensor

Our product
 Our product has a display panel
 Have two sensors which is monoxide gas sensor and flammable gas sensor

2.3 SUMMARY
The selection of these titles is an idea we get from research in each country. Matters
related to accidents due to gas monoxide began to be emphasized in this country when there
were cases of death in 2020. therefore, we realized this idea to reduce the risk of accidents
from happening. Our products have also been innovated from existing products on the
market. We have added a system that has a screen panel. This is so that the user can identify
the problem that occurs when hearing the sound of the alarm and getting a notification from
the screen panel. Thus, users can detect problems more effectively and can act more
efficiently.

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 CHAPTER 3

METHODOLOGY AND DESIGN

3.1INTRODUCTION

This chapter focuses on the manufacturing process of Gas Detector. Overall, the flow chart shows the
manufacturing process shown below.

*DESIGN IDEAS
DESIGN PROCESS
*DRAWING 3D

*PREPARATION OF COMPONENTS AND MATERIALS SELECTION OF

COMPONENTS

INSTALLATION
PROCESS

MODIFICATIONS

UNSUCCESSFUL
DESIGN
TESTING

SUCCESSFUL

SUMMARY

FINISH

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3.2DESIGN

ISOMETRIC VIEW FRONT VIEW

BACK VIEW TOP VIEW

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3.3SELECTION OF MATERIALS AND COMPONENTS

The material selection process is very important to control expenses to minimize production costs.The
selection of materials should be according to the specifications
required to avoid project failure works. The tables below is a list of the main materials and the main
components used to prepare project gas detector.

a) Input components

COMPONENTS FUNCTION OF
COMPONENTS

To detect the presence and

concentration of various
hazardous gases and vapors
such as toxic or explosive
gases

Gas sensor MQ9

A programmable board you can use

to build interactive circuit

Arduino UNO R3

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 Lights up when there is electricity
passes through it in the correct
direction

LED light

A buzzer that produces a sound or

makes noise at different
frequencies
Buzzer sensor

Resistor

Restrict the flow electricity in a

circuit

LCD screen
A liquid crystal display a two lines
of 16 characters

b) Output components

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 c) Others components

A sensor which resistance change

based on the amount of light it
senses
Photoresistor

To provides security for the

electronic components

Casing box

3.4 SURVEY ANALYSIS

To find out about the effectiveness of our ideas and products for users, we have conducted a
survey form to get opinions from the public. Therefore, we take the results of the analysis
from the public responses to improve our product in order to continue this project
successfully.

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Based on the needs analysis, there are 44 people who have answered the question. Where 34
are men and 9 people are women.

Based on the first question we asked, we found that 36 people out of 44 respondents believed
that gas leaks can take lives. While 7 respondents answered no.

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Based on the second question we asked, we found that 37 people out of 44 respondents knew
that monoxide gas cannot be seen and identified. While 7 respondents answered no.

Based on the last question we asked, we found that 42 people out of 44 respondents stated
that our product can improve user security. While, 2 people said no.

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 GANTT CHART (PROJECT 1)
ACTIVITY/WEEK 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14

Briefing and group

formation

Search for title

project
Chapter 1
Introduction
Background research

Statement of
Problem, Objective
and Scope
Chapter 2
Introduction
Project research

Comparison our
product to others
Chapter 3
Introduction
Design

Selection of
materials
Preparation slide for
presentation
Presentation

Complication of
proposal draft

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 GANTT CHART (PROJECT 2)
ACTIVITY/WEEK 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14

Briefing and search

new title project

Chapter 1
Introduction
Statement of
Problem, Objective
and Scope
Chapter 2
Literature review
Project research

Chapter 3
Methodology
Design, Selection
material
Purchase of goods

Fabrication process

Presentation

Product testing

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