Biology 10th Edition Mader Test Bank

Biology 10th Edition Mader Test Bank
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Chapter 09 - The Cell Cycle and Cellular Reproduction
Chapter 09
The Cell Cycle and Cellular Reproduction
Multiple Choice Questions
1. Which of the following is NOT true concerning mitosis?

A. Plant cells lack centrioles while animal cells do not.
B. Both plant and animal cells undergo cytokinesis.
C. Mitosis allows growth and increase in size in both plants and animals.
D. Animal cells form a cell plate during cytokinesis while plant cells do not.
Incorrect Answers: A. It is true that plant cells lack centrioles while animal cells have
centrioles. It is not true that animal cells form a cell plate during cytokinesis while plant cells
do not.
Bloom's Level: 2. Understand

Learning Outcome: 09.02.02 Summarize the major events that occur during mitosis and cytokinesis.
Section: 09.02
Topic: Cell Cycle and Mitosis
Topic: Genetics
2. Cancer cells require many nutrients, which are supplied by blood vessels. The growth of
new blood vessels to cancerous tissue is called:
A. angiogenesis
B. metastasis
C. carcinogenesis
D. apotosis
Bloom's Level: 1. Remember

Learning Outcome: 09.03.01 Describe the basic characteristics of cancer cells.
Section: 09.03
9-1
3. Apoptosis
A. is programmed cell death.
B. is a process that acts to decrease the number of somatic cells.
C. frees the fingers and toes of the human embryo from their ‘webbed' structure to
independent structures.
D. All of the choices are correct.

Learning Outcome: 09.01.03 List the checkpoints that regulate the progression of cells through the cell cycle.
Section: 09.01
4. The region that contains the genetic information in a bacterial cell is called the
A. nucleus.
B. nucleoid.
C. nucleolus.
D. nucleosome.
E. nucleoprotein.

Learning Outcome: 09.04.01 Distinguish between the structure of a prokaryotic and eukaryotic chromosome.
Section: 09.04
5. Virtually all specialized cells of multicellular organisms

A. develop through mutation from less specialized cells of the organism.
B. contain more genetic material than less specialized cells of the same organism.
C. contain less genetic material than less specialized cells of the same organism.
D. have the same amount of DNA and the same number of chromosomes as all other cells of
the organism and develop from the same basic stem cells.

Learning Outcome: 09.02.03 Discuss why human stem cells continuously conduct mitosis.
Section: 09.02
9-2
6. If a parent cell has 48 chromosomes, how many chromosomes will each daughter cell have
after mitosis and cytokinesis occurs?
A. 24 chromosomes
B. 48 chromosomes
C. 12 chromosomes
D. 96 chromosomes
Bloom's Level: 3. Apply

Section: 09.02
7. Interphase:
A. occupies the majority of the cell cycle
B. includes G1, S and G2 stages
C. results in an increase in cell size
D. all of the above
E. none of the above

Learning Outcome: 09.01.01 List the four stages of interphase, and describe the major events that occur during each stage in preparation
for cell division.
Section: 09.01
8. Eukaryotic chromosomes
A. consist of both DNA and protein.
B. may occur as chromatin.
C. contain histones responsible for packaging DNA to fit into a small space.

Section: 09.04
9-3
True / False Questions
The enzymes that bring about apoptosis are:

Learning Outcome: 09.01.04 Explain the mechanisms within the G1 cell cycle checkpoint that evaluate growth signals, determine nutrient
availability, and assess DNA integrity.
Section: 09.01
9. called caspases.
TRUE

Section: 09.01
10. are ordinarily held in check by inhibitors.

TRUE

Section: 09.01
11. can be unleashed by internal or external signals.

TRUE

Section: 09.01
9-4
12. are only present in the cell immediately before apoptosis begins.
FALSE

Section: 09.01
13. Generally, animals build an organism using the diploid number of chromosomes.
However, insects in the order of ants, wasps and bees can use a haploid-diploid system where
adults of one sex are formed with a haploid number of chromosomes. This would mean that
A. a single set of chromosomes is sufficient to code for a functional individual.
B. a female could determine the sex of the offspring by fertilizing or not fertilizing an egg.
C. the males and females are not equally "related" to their mothers considering the proportion
of genes held in common.
D. All of the choices are true.
E. this system in no way differs from regular diploid organisms.

Section: 09.02
14. What is the result of a cell not meeting the criteria to pass the G1 checkpoint?
A. The cell cycle halts.
B. The cell may enter the G0 stage.
C. The cell may undergo apoptosis.
D. All of the above.
E. None of the above.

Section: 09.01
9-5
15. Which is NOT true about the chromosomes of a multicellular organism?

A. They are made up of DNA and protein.
B. Each chromosome is replicated into two chromatids during the S phase of interphase.
C. Each chromosome separates into two daughter chromosomes by binary fission.
D. All cells contain chromosomes that carry the same genetic information.
Incorrect Answers: A. It is true that chromosomes of multicellular organisms are made up of

DNA and protein. It is not true that each chromosome separates into two daughter
chromosomes by binary fission.

Learning Outcome: 09.02.01 Explain how the cell prepares the chromosomes and centrosomes prior to nuclear division.
Section: 09.02
16. The function of mitosis is:

A. growth of the organism and tissue repair.
B. to ensure that each new cell receives a complete set of genetic information.
C. asexual reproduction in some species.

Section: 09.02
17. The function of mitosis is:

A. growth of the organism and tissue repair.
B. to ensure that each new cell receives a complete set of genetic information.
C. asexual reproduction in some species.

Section: 09.02
9-6
18. Which statement is NOT true about eukaryotic chromosomes?

A. There is only one chromosome of each type in each body cell.
B. Chromosomes contain both DNA and associated histones.
C. Chromosomes condense from chromatin at the start of mitosis.
D. Chromosomes disperse back into chromatin at the end of mitosis.
E. Chromosomes are not located within the nuclear envelope during mitosis.

Section: 09.04
19. What structure will code for the proteins that will promote the normal cell cycle and
prevent apoptosis?
A. Tumor suppressor genes
B. Oncogenes
C. Caspases
D. Proto-oncogenes

Learning Outcome: 09.03.02 Distinguish between the roles of the tumor-suppressor genes and protoncogenes in the regulation of the cell
cycle.
Section: 09.03
20. The diploid (2n) number of chromosomes for a human being is

A. 23.
B. 24.
C. 44.
D. 46.
E. 48.

Section: 09.02
9-7
21. The haploid (n) number of chromosomes for a human being is

A. 23.
B. 24.
C. 44.
D. 46.
E. 48.

Section: 09.02
22. Which statement is NOT true about mitosis?

A. Mitosis is a process that duplicates and divides the nuclear contents only.
B. Mitosis produces two daughter cells that contain the same number of chromosomes as the
parent cell.
C. Mitosis produces two daughter cells that contain the same kinds of chromosomes as the
parent cell.
D. Mitosis uses a diploid (2n) parent cell to form daughter cells containing a haploid
number(n) of chromosomes.
E. Mitosis is involved in development of a fertilized egg into a multicellular organism.

Section: 09.02
23. Which represents the correct sequence of stages in the cell cycle?
A. G1, G2, S, M
B. G1, G2, M, S
C. G1, M, G2, S
D. G1, S, G2, M

for cell division.
Section: 09.01
9-8
24. Below the skin are "stem cells" that divide, with some cells continuing the stem cell line
and others being pushed toward the surface to flatten and die and be sloughed off. In the bone
marrow other stem cells produce erythrocytes that lose their nucleus and function for a few
months in the bloodstream before they too die. Such "dead end" cells that reproduce no
further
A. leave the cell cycle in a G0 phase, which immediately follows telophase.
B. leave the cell cycle in a G3 phase, which immediately follows G2.
C. halt in the midst of the S phase.
D. continually cycle but simply fail to go through cytokinesis.
E. reverse from G2 to G1.

Section: 09.02
25. What factors are evaluated before a cell is allowed to proceed through the G1 checkpoint?
A. growth signals
B. availability of nutrients
C. the integrity of cellular DNA
D. all of the above
E. none of these

Section: 09.01
26. The critical checkpoints that control the cell cycle are the:
A. M to G1 stage and G2 to M stage.
B. S to G2 stage and G2 to M stage.
C. G1 to S stage and G2 to M stage.
D. M to G1 stage and S to G2 stage.

Learning Outcome: 09.01.03 List the checkpoints that regulate the progression of cells through the cell cycle.
Section: 09.01
9-9
27. During which stage of the cell cycle is cell growth and replication of organelles most
significant?
A. M phase
B. G1 phase
C. G2 phase
D. S phase
E. G0 phase

for cell division.
Section: 09.01
28. Which stage is most associated with a cell that is unable to divide again, such as a muscle
or nerve cell?
A. M phase
B. G1 phase
C. G2 phase
D. S phase
E. G0 phase

for cell division.
Section: 09.01
29. Which sequence of stages in mitosis is correct?

A. prophase, anaphase, prometaphase, metaphase, telophase
B. prophase, telophase, anaphase, prometaphase, metaphase
C. prophase, prometaphase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase
D. telophase, anaphase, prophase, prometaphase, metaphase
E. anaphase, prometaphase, metaphase, prophase, telophase

Section: 09.02
9-10
30. In some organisms, mitosis occurs without cytokinesis. This results in:
A. cell death
B. a multinucleated cell
C. cells arrested in the G0 phase
D. cells with no nucleus
E. uncontrolled cell division

Section: 09.02
31. What occurs in anaphase?

A. Centrioles move to opposite poles.
B. Chromosomes move to opposite poles.
C. Chromosomes line up along the equator of the dividing cell.
D. The nuclear envelope disappears.
E. The nuclear envelope is constructed.

Section: 09.02
32. Which does NOT occur in telophase?

A. Cytokinesis is under way.
B. The nuclear envelope is being reconstructed.
C. The centromeres split apart.
D. Chromosomes de-condense into chromatin.
E. The nucleolus reforms.
Incorrect Answers: A. Cytokinesis may occur in telophase. It is NOT true that centromeres
split during telophase.

Section: 09.02
9-11
33. Cytokinesis in plant cells differs from this process in animal cells because
A. the plant endoplasmic reticulum forms a cell plate.
B. microtubules are laid down in a plywood-like cell plate pattern.
C. the Golgi apparatus produces vesicles that migrate along microtubules and fuse to become
a cell plate.
D. the inner plasma membrane divides by cytokinesis as in animal cells and then secretes a
cellulose cell wall.
E. asters coalesce to form a fibrous plate that reinforces with cellulose.

Section: 09.02
34. Binary fission in bacteria differs from mitosis because

A. the chromosome copies attach to the plasma membrane and are pulled apart by cell
growth.
B. the chromosome is a simple DNA strand without complex proteins and no spindle forms.
C. there is no nuclear membrane to break down and rebuild.
E. None of the choices are correct.

Learning Outcome: 09.04.02 Describe the events that occur during binary fission.
Section: 09.04
35. Oncogenes are all of the following EXCEPT:

A. mutated proto-oncogenes
B. cancer causing genes
C. genes that stimulate uncontrolled cell divisions
D. tumor suppressor genes

Section: 09.03
9-12
36. Which of the following is NOT true about cancer cells?

A. They never fully differentiate.
B. They exhibit contact inhibition.
C. They exhibit uncontrolled growth.
D. They exhibit disorganized growth.
E. They may undergo metastasis.
Incorrect Answers: A. It is true that cancer cells never fully differentiate. It is not true that
they exhibit contact inhibition.

Section: 09.03
37. Which is NOT correctly associated with cancer?

A. Angiogenesis forms new blood vessels and brings nutrients and oxygen to the tumor.
B. The disorganized mass of cells is encapsulated and does not invade adjacent tissue.
C. Metastasis establishes new tumors distant from the site of the primary tumor.
D. Cells have receptors to adhere to basement membranes, then secrete proteinase enzymes
to invade underlying tissues.

Section: 09.03
38. Angiogenesis:
A. is the growth of blood vessels into the tumor
B. is directed by additional mutations in tumor cells
C. brings nutrients and oxygen to a tumor
D. all of the above
E. none of the above

Section: 09.03
9-13
39. Although cancer may originate in many regions of the body, many patients die from
cancerous growth in the lungs, lymph glands, or liver. This is most readily explained as
A. spreading of cancer by angiogenesis.
B. metastasis occurring more commonly in organs that have a filter effect.
C. proteinase enzymes making cancer particularly damaging to these tissues.
D. growth anywhere but in these organs is called benign.
E. due to these organs simply being more susceptible to cancer.

Section: 09.03
40. Apoptosis refers to cell death and

A. is always biologically detrimental to an organism.
B. is merely the accumulation of genetic errors.
C. is any failure of the genetic machinery to work properly.
D. is a failure in the translation or transcription mechanism.
E. can be programmed and is essential to normal development.

Section: 09.01
41. The purpose of therapeutic cloning is:

A. to produce an individual to the donor of the nucleus
B. to produce specialized tissue cells
C. to stimulate cells that have been arrested in the S phase
D. none of the above

Section: 09.02
9-14
42. What phase of mitosis is pictured?
A. prophase
B. prometaphase
C. metaphase
D. anaphase
E. telophase
Bloom's Level: 4. Analyze

Section: 09.02
43. What is (are) the structures designated by the letter ‘A'.
A. spindle fibers
B. centrioles
C. chromosomes
D. kinetochore microtubules

Section: 09.02
9-15
44. What phase of mitosis is pictured?
A. prophase
B. prometaphase
C. metaphase
D. anaphase
E. telophase

Section: 09.02
9-16
Short Answer Questions
45. Name the labeled structures in the figure and answer the following questions.
A. _______________
B. _______________
C. _______________
D. When the structures labeled A separate, what are they called?
E. What is the function of the structure labeled C?

Section: 09.02
9-17
46. Generally, complex organisms do require more genes to control their synthesis and
organization than do primitive organisms. However, the numbers of chromosomes vary from
ants with 2, molds with 8-14, humans with 46, potatoes with 100 and the crayfish with 200!
Some birds and insects have chromosomes that dwindle in size into obscurity, so it is not
possible to establish a diploid number. How do you explain this situation?
A. there must be no relationship between amount of genetic information and complexity of
the organism.
B. the number of genes per chromosome may vary among organisms, preventing a simple
relationship between chromosome number and complexity.
C. birds and insects probably cannot follow the same mitotic laws as other organisms.

Section: 09.02
Short Answer Questions
47. Answer the following questions concerning the following figure.
A. Name the structure labeled A.

B. What process is occurring in the figure?
C. Is this an animals or plant cell? Explain

Section: 09.02
9-18
48. The event that signals the start of anaphase is

A. division of the centromeres to separate sister chromatids.
B. migration of the centrioles to opposite poles of the nuclear space.
C. a cleavage furrow starts to form.
D. asters disappear.

Section: 09.02
True / False Questions
49. Cloning can only be carried out using adult stem cells.
FALSE

Section: 09.02
50. Contact inhibition stops normal cells from dividing when they come in contact with
neighboring cells, but this is not functional in cancer cells.
TRUE

Section: 09.03
9-19
51. Generally, brain and nerve cells are not able to regenerate after injury because they have
left the cell cycle and are unable to return.
TRUE

for cell division.
Section: 09.01
52. Viruses and chemical exposure can cause mutations in proto-oncogenes which can lead to
cancer.
TRUE

cycle.
Section: 09.03
53. Organisms produced as a result of mitosis exhibit a great deal of genetic variation.
FALSE

Section: 09.02
9-20
54. Which statement below best describes the difference between mitosis and cytokinesis?
A. mitosis is the portion of the cell cycle that divides the nuclear material while cytokinesis
divides the cytoplasm
B. mitosis is the portion of the cell cycle that divides the cytoplasm while cytokinesis divides
the nuclear material
C. mitosis is the portion of the cell cycle that uses a contractile ring to divide the nuclear
material while cytokinesis uses the contractile ring to divide the cell membrane
D. mitosis is the portion of the cell cycle that uses a cell plate to divide the cell membrane in
plant cells while cytokinesis uses a contractile ring to divide the cell membrane in animal cells
Bloom's Level: 5. Evaluate

Learning Outcome: 09.01.02 Describe the difference between mitosis and cytokinesis.
Section: 09.01
55. Which statement below lists the correct steps for binary fission?
A. 1. attachment of chromosome to the plasma membrane, 2. enlargement of cell volume, 3.
DNA replication occurs, 4. cell elongates and chromosomes are pulled apart, 5. a new cell
wall and plasma membrane divide the cell in half
B. 1. attachment of chromosome to the plasma membrane, 2. enlargement of cell volume, 3.
DNA replication occurs, 4. a new cell wall and plasma membrane divide the cell in half, 5.
cell elongates and chromosomes are pulled apart
C. 1. a new cell wall and plasma membrane divide the cell in half, 2. attachment of
chromosome to the plasma membrane, 3. enlargement of cell volume, 4. DNA replication
occurs, 5. cell elongates and chromosomes are pulled apart
D. 1. enlargement of cell volume, 2. attachment of chromosome to the plasma membrane, 3.
DNA replication occurs, 4. cell elongates and chromosomes are pulled apart, 5. a new cell
wall and plasma membrane divide the cell in half

Learning Outcome: 09.04.02 Describe the events that occur during binary fission.
Section: 09.04
9-21
56. Which of the following statements applies to mitosis but not to cytokinesis?
A. it contains a checkpoint that will evaluate the quality of the cell
B. requires a large amount of ATP in order for the cellular mechanisms to function
C. if it is disrupted it can lead to an abnormal cell
D. it results in two daughter cells that are half the size of the original cell

Learning Outcome: 09.01.02 Describe the difference between mitosis and cytokinesis.
Section: 09.01
Essay Questions
57. Write an essay that explains how a geneticist could attempt to prevent cancer by
manipulating a persons proto-oncogenes.
Bloom's Level: 6. Create

cycle.
Section: 09.03
9-22

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Multiple Choice Questions

1. Which of the following is NOT true concerning mitosis?

Bloom's Level: 2. Understand

Bloom's Level: 1. Remember

Bloom's Level: 1. Remember

Bloom's Level: 1. Remember

5. Virtually all specialized cells of multicellular organisms

Bloom's Level: 2. Understand

Bloom's Level: 3. Apply

Bloom's Level: 1. Remember

Bloom's Level: 2. Understand

True / False Questions

The enzymes that bring about apoptosis are:

Bloom's Level: 1. Remember

Bloom's Level: 1. Remember

10. are ordinarily held in check by inhibitors.

Bloom's Level: 1. Remember

11. can be unleashed by internal or external signals.

Bloom's Level: 1. Remember

Bloom's Level: 1. Remember

Multiple Choice Questions

Bloom's Level: 3. Apply

Bloom's Level: 2. Understand

15. Which is NOT true about the chromosomes of a multicellular organism?

Incorrect Answers: A. It is true that chromosomes of multicellular organisms are made up of

Bloom's Level: 2. Understand

16. The function of mitosis is:

Bloom's Level: 1. Remember

17. The function of mitosis is:

Bloom's Level: 1. Remember

18. Which statement is NOT true about eukaryotic chromosomes?

Bloom's Level: 2. Understand

Bloom's Level: 1. Remember

20. The diploid (2n) number of chromosomes for a human being is

Bloom's Level: 1. Remember

21. The haploid (n) number of chromosomes for a human being is

Bloom's Level: 1. Remember

22. Which statement is NOT true about mitosis?

Bloom's Level: 2. Understand

Bloom's Level: 1. Remember

Bloom's Level: 3. Apply

Bloom's Level: 1. Remember

Bloom's Level: 2. Understand

Bloom's Level: 1. Remember

Bloom's Level: 2. Understand

29. Which sequence of stages in mitosis is correct?

Bloom's Level: 1. Remember

Bloom's Level: 3. Apply

31. What occurs in anaphase?

Bloom's Level: 1. Remember

32. Which does NOT occur in telophase?

Bloom's Level: 1. Remember

Bloom's Level: 2. Understand

34. Binary fission in bacteria differs from mitosis because

Bloom's Level: 2. Understand

35. Oncogenes are all of the following EXCEPT:

Bloom's Level: 2. Understand