Humanities

• From the Latin word ‘humanus’ which means 1. human – ability to show kindness, tenderness,
human, cultured, and refined and rationality
• human beings have natural human tendencies, 2. refined – improvement is seen good taste
norms, and can adapt to the environment. 3. cultured – learned in ways of a civilized society
Social Sciences Humanities Humanities in Academics
attempt to see human more concerned with
beings in the mass, as the individual, and • It is the study of arts – the visual arts such as
subjects for especially with unique architecture, painting, and sculpture; music;
generalizations, their creations of the dance; the theater or drama; and literature.
behavior being a fit individual • Study of Art – delving into areas in which
subject for prediction imagination which we human values and individual expressiveness are
call works of art celebrated, where we can understand our being
Psychology, History, Philosophy, Literature, ‘human’.
and Economics Languages, and Arts

Art
From the Latin word ‘ars’ which means ability or skill.

Assumption of Art
1. Art is Experience 2. Art is not Nature
• It tells of physical, emotional, intellectual, • Individual artists have their own very
and spiritual experiences personal ways of seeing. Personal
• Experience is the process of doing and perceptions and feelings come into play.
seeing things and having things happen to • Art is not real because it is an imitation of
you. nature by an artist; art is man- made.
• personal or individual
• accompanied by emotions or emotional 3. Art is Beauty
reaction • It provides aesthetic pleasure.
• John Dewey’s book “Art as Experience” • Interpreted through the concept value of:
Art is a powerful form of communication ▪ Aesthetics – depends on how
and expression. effectively the principles and elements
• Art is a dynamic human experience that of art interact that provide value
involves both the artist and audience, where ▪ Taste – depends on factors like class,
the audience connects to the artist’s culture, background, education, etc.
experience and transforms it into their own.
• You perceive art through your experience
• Example: EDVARD MUNCH (1863-1944)
'The Scream', 1893
Levels of Art Appreciation
Artist’s Audience – interact with the work of art, We become delighted in the arts through our
experience it. Thus, we recreate what is presented to senses. Our enjoyment can increase in two levels:
us.
1. Understanding
2. Feeling
 The Artistic Process

The artist The elements

Artist interacts
translates the of the medium
with an
interaction are used to
experience or
into a produce the
a subject.
medium. finished work.

Elements in the Artistic Process

1. Work
– through equipment, tools, materials, etc.
2. Artist
– may produce through talent
– may enhance the skill through motivation
and training

Artist vs Artisan
Artist Artisan
Somewhat an elitist Folk traditions and
view categorizing the practitioners are seen as
“Fine Arts” craftsman or artisans
Creates for aesthetics functional utilitarian art
“high art” Done by hand, in small
quantity

Subjects and Representing Them

Subject Factors Affection Choice of Subject
• refers to the main idea that is represented in the • Medium
artwork. • Time
• Who or what the art is about (may be objective • Patronage the artist has
or nonobjective) • Developments
• Essence of the piece
Types of Subjects Styles of Representation
1. Landscapes, Seascapes, and Cityscapes 1. Realism – normal appearance
2. Still Life 2. Abstraction – simplifying; omission of details
3. Animals 3. Distortion – proportions area arranged
4. Portraits differently from natural appearance
5. Figures 4. Surrealism – realism +distortion
6. Everyday Life (Real Life)
7. History and Legend
8. Religion and Mythology
9. Dreams and Fantasies
 Art Forms Art according to Media and Forms
1. Visual
1. Plastic & graphic arts
- visual in nature: painting, ceramics,
- developed through space and perceived by
drawing, sculpture, crafts, design,
the sense of sight
printmaking, photography, architecture,
2. kinetic arts
2. Literary
- shows element rhythm
- Fiction and Non- fiction
3. phonetic arts
3. Popular/ Modern
- sounds and words as media of expression
- Showcase of what’s trendy, well- liked, and
4. pure arts
prevalent such as romance novels,
- take only medium of expression like sound
computer games, music videos, manga.
in music and color in painting
4. Performing
5. mixed arts
- Use of human body, face, and presence as
- take more than one medium such as the
media; examples are music, dance, theater
opera which combines music, poetry and
5. Digital
drama
- Computer – aided

Art according to Purpose

1. practical arts/useful arts
- directed to produce artifacts and utensils
for the satisfaction of human needs
2. liberal arts
- directed toward intellectual growth
3. fine arts
- focused towards creative activity for the
contemplation of the mind and uplift of
the spirit
4. major arts
- painting, architecture, sculpture, literature,
music and dance (involves actual and
potential expressiveness)
5. minor arts
- decorative arts, popular arts, graphic arts,
plastic arts, industrial arts
 History
• History is straightforward and based on facts- Art History Now
only in theory.
• Historians decided what to include and exclude, • In 20th century, an immense sociocultural
and they produced an organized material that change took place that led art historians to
would effectively narrate the past for the amend these narratives.
benefit of the present. • Women and artists of color were included
• Time changes, so narratives are updated, • Traditional focus on painting, sculpture, and
rewritten, and sometimes discarded altogether architecture was expanded to include so-called
and replaced with new ones. minor arts such as ceramics and textiles and
• History is subjective – a product of contemporary media such as video and
interpretation during a particular time performance art.
• History is bias towards the storyteller. • Interest in Non-Western art increased.
• 'What is history, but a fable agreed upon?’- • Globalism (biggest challenge of art history)
Napoleon Bonaparte and multiculturalism are shaping the history
of art today.
Art History Before • Art history possesses a role in developing
interconnectedness and familiarity with
• Developed in Europe during the colonial
diverse cultures.
period (15th century and the mid-20th century)
• Art historians are working to reconcile the
• European traditions were emphasized (Greek
discipline’s (study of Art History) European
and Roman origins)
intellectual origins and its problematic
• mid-20th century – the standard narrative for
colonialist legacy with contemporary
“Western Art” was established
multiculturalism and how to write history in a
• The discipline of studying art history labelled
global era
Art from the rest of the world as ‘non-
Western art’ and was viewed marginally from a
colonialist perspective.

The Gregorian Calendar

• Gregorian Calendar (or Christian Calendar) Format
was instituted by Pope Gregory XIII in 1582. • AD - before the year (ex: AD 2021)
• There are numerous calendars, beyond the • BC - after the year (ex: 525 BC)
Gregorian calendar, that are still in use today. • BCE and CE - after the year (27 BCE)
• Example date: December 26, 2021 means it has
been two-thousand and twenty-one years (give • Dates sometimes are preceded with ‘c.’ or ‘ca.’
or take a few) after Jesus Christ is believed to abbreviations of the Latin word "circa" which
have been born. means around, or approximately.
• Used before a date to indicate that we do not
With Christian reference
know exactly when something happened,
• B.C. - “Before Christ”
• Example: c. 400 B.C.E. means approximately
• A.D. - L. Anno Domini (in the year of our
400 years Before the Common Era.
Lord)
• A century is composed of 100 years.
Newer System • There is no year zero
• B.C.E. - Before the Common Era (functions • 1st century (year 1-100)
like B.C.) • 21st century (Jan 1, 2001 to Dec 31, 2100)
• C.E. - Common Era (functions like A.D.) • The century will always be one more than the
written year (2021 is in the 21st century)
• 2nd Century B.C. is from 200-101 B.C.
(backward counting)
 Artistic Styles

1. Medieval Art (ca. AD 4-1300) 4. Rococo (ca. AD 1720–1780)

• Includes styles and periods such as early • an extension of the Baroque
Christian and Byzantine, Anglo-Saxon and • decorative and theatrical aspects of art with
Viking, Carolingian, Ottonian, Romanesque, an emphasis on asymmetry, curved forms
and Gothic and bright colors
• Various secular arts were unified by the • Originating in France during the reign of
Christian church Louis XV (1715–1774)
• Themes and subjects: church and sacred • combination of painting, sculpture and
stories and personalities architecture into a unified scheme, applying
• Purpose is to promote Christianity to both interior design and the decorative
arts
2. Renaissance (ca. AD 1300–1600) • Venus and Amor (1742) by François
• from Italy to the Netherlands, a combined Boucher. Gemäldegalerie, Berlin.
revival of Classical learning from ancient • Key artists included:
Greece and Rome with an increase o Giovanni Battista Tiepolo 1796–1770
o François Boucher 1703–1770
awareness of nature and a more
o Jean-Honoré Fragonard 1732–1806
individualistic view of man.
• blossoming of all of the arts, in painting,
5. Neoclassicism (ca. AD 1750–1830)
sculpture, music and architecture
• follows the ornamental extravagances of
• incorporation of Elements of Arts
Baroque and Rococo Period
• anybody who is considered a specialist in a
• artists and architects sought to revive the
particular field is called an ‘artist’
symmetry and precision of the Renaissance
• rise of Academies; art became an industry
era
• The Birth of Venus (c.1485) by Sandro
• a strong sense of inner harmony, clarity
Botticelli. Uffizi Gallery, Florence.
and restraint within the picture.
• Key artists included:
o Sandro Botticelli c. 1445–1510
• Art as political tool to reveal stories of the
o Leonardo Vinci Leonardo da Vinci 1452–1519 rich and influential
o Michelangelo 1475–1564 • The Emperor Napoleon in His Study at
o Raphael 1483–1520. the Tuileries by Jacques-Louis David
(1812)
3. Baroque (ca. AD 1600–1730) • Key artists included:
• classical idealism of the Renaissance with a o Jacques-Louis David 1748–1825
greater emphasis on drama o Antonio Canova 1757–1822
o Jean-Auguste-Dominique Ingres 1780–1867
• Art that seeks to evoke emotional states
using strong color schemes and employing
swirling spirals and upward diagonals
• Heavily sponsored by the Catholic church;
art as weapon in religion wars (Counter-
Reformation Movement) in response to
Martin Luther and John Calvin
• Lot and his Daughters (c.1614) by Peter
Paul Rubens.
• Key artists included:
o Caravaggio 1571–1610
o Peter Paul Rubens 1577–1640
o Gian Lorenzo Bernini 1598–1680
o Diego Velázquez 1599–1660
6. Romanticism (ca. AD 1780–1880) 9. Impressionism (ca. AD 1860–1890)
• Beginning of modern art • most well-known which emerged in the
• art as an expression of the individual artist second half of the 19th century in Paris
and an “authentic” response to the world of • anti-academic in style, characterized by
sensory experience, especially its vastness lively brushstrokes and a bright color palette
and unpredictability of nature • painting outdoors (in plein-air) instead in a
• Individuality and celebration of personal studio
inspiration and imagination • common subjects: landscapes and scenes
• passion and emotion over intellect and of everyday life
reason • placing attention on the transient effects of
• exploration of the dark recesses of human sunlight as much as on the subject
psychology themselves.
• The hiker above the sea of fog (c. 1817) • Claude Monet’s Impression, Sunrise
by Caspar David Friedrich. (1872) is the inspiration behind the name of
• Key artists included: the Impressionist movement
o Caspar David Friedrich 1774–1840 • Camille Monet on a Garden Bench
o J.M.W. Turner 1775–1851 (1873) by Claude Monet
o John Constable 1776–1837
o Henri Fuseli 1741- 1825
• Key artists included:
o Claude Monet 1840–1926
(Founder of impressionist painting)
7. Realism (ca. AD 1848-1900) o Edgar Degas 1834–1917
• began in France o Camille Pissarro 1830–1903
• believed by some to be the first modern art o Auguste Renoir 1841–1919
o Paul Cezanne 1839–1906
movement
• caused by anti-romantic movement in
Germany, the rise of journalism and the 10. Post-impressionism (ca. AD 1886–1905)
advent of photography; interest in • mainly French movement
capturing everyday life • a natural evolution from Impressionism;
• detailed, life-like depictions of subject matter term coined in 1910 by English art critic
• painting what is physically seen Roger Fry pertaining to an array of
• celebrating working class and peasant separate artists inspired by the
• The Desperate Realism) Man Impressionists than a close-knit group
(c.1843- 1845) by Gustave Courbet • artists continuing to use vivid colors, a thick
• Key artist included: brushstrokes and real-life subject matter, but
o Gustave Courbet 1819-1877 (Father of Realism) also expressive of their emotional and
psychological responses to the world
8. Art Noveau (ca. AD 1890-1910) through distorted forms and unnatural color
• ‘New Art’ schemes
• an entirely authentic movement free from • Wheat Field with Cypresses (1889) by
any imitation of styles that preceded it Vincent van Gogh
• heavily influenced applied arts, graphics, • Key artists included:
o Paul Cezanne 1839–1906
and illustration
o Vincent van Gogh 1853–1890
• focused on the natural world, characterized o Paul Gauguin 1848–1903
by long, sinuous lines and curves o George Seurat 1859–1891 (pointillism)
• architecture, graphic and interior design,
jewelry making, and painting
• Sarah Bernhardt (c.1896) by Alphonse
Mucha
• Key artist included:
o Alphonse Mucha 1860- 1939
o Antoni Gaudi 1852- 1926
11. Fauvism (ca. AD 1900-1935) 14. Surrealism (ca. AD 1916-1950)
• Led by Henri Matisse • emerged from Dada art movement in 1916
• built upon examples from Vincent van • Dada artworks were anti-aesthetic, anti-
Gogh and George Seurat rational and anti-idealistic
• style was characterized by expressive use of • Surrealists created works of art that defied
intense color, line, and brushwork, a bold reason
sense of surface design, and flat composition • blamed this thought process on events like
• centered on the expression of feeling World War I and believed it to repress
• The Dance (c.1910) by Henri Matisse imaginative thoughts
• Key artist: • Surrealists were influenced by Karl Marx
o Henri Matisse 1869-1954 and theories developed by Sigmund Freud,
who explored psychoanalysis and the
12. Expressionism (ca. AD 1905–1930) power of imagination (dream-like)
• Originated in Germany at the beginning of • vivid and bizarre dreams with historical
the 20th Century accuracy
• artists seeking to depict not objective reality • The Persistence of Memory (1931) by
but rather a subjective, emotional Salvador Dali
charged responses to a rapidly changing • Key artist:
world o Dalvador Dali 1904-1989
• free-spirited paintings tended to be bold and
brisk, roughly cut, with vivid, sometimes 15. Abstract Expressionism (ca. 1940s-1950s)
overbright colors, expressing a dual theme • shaped the legacy of Surrealism
of celebration and disfiguration • Product of World War II
• Landscape with Factory Chimney (1910) • referred to as New York School or Action
by Wassily Kandinsky Painting
• Key artists included: • Artists broke away from what was
o Ernst Ludwig Kirchner 1880–1938 considered conventional, and instead used
o Wassily Kandinsky 1866–1944 spontaneity and improvisation to create
o Paul Klee 1878–1940
abstract works of art (ex: floor instead of
o Edvard Munch 1863–1944
canvas and easel)
• focuses on the medium itself and exists
13. Cubism (ca. AD 1907–1914)
without representation of subject (no
• highly influential art style invented by
person, place, object)
artists Pablo Picasso and George Braque
• Autumn Rhythm (1950) by Jackson
• Taking inspiration from post-impressionist
Pollock
Paul Cezanne
• Key artists:
• artists began painting subjects in o Jackson Pollock 1912-1956 (drip painting)
fragmented forms in such a way that o Mark Rothko 1903-1970 (large blocks of colors
suggested multiple viewpoints to convey a sense of spirituality)
simultaneously
• rejected the concept that art should copy 16. Contemporary Art (1946 — present)
nature • all art that has come after World War II
• characteristics: intersecting planes of light • some sources: 1970 is the beginning
and overlapping forms, showing an object • encompasses many themes and styles and
from several sides, breaking conventional takes us up to the present day; rules are
ideas about visual perception perpetually broken.
• Portrait of Daniel-Henry Kahnweiler, • has no clear linear pattern and is chaotic
1910, by Pablo Picasso • encourages mix of ideas, medias, forms
• Key artists included: • Puppy (1992) by Jeff Koons
o Pablo Picasso 1881–1973 • Examples:
o Georges Braque 1882–1963 o Feminist art
o Juan Gris 1887–1927 o Street Art
o Digital art
 Medieval Art Renaissance Baroque Rococo

Painting on the wall of an

early Christian catacomb The Birth of Venus (c.1485)
showing Moses (or Peter?) Lot and his Daughters Venus and Amor (1742) by
by Sandro Botticelli
striking a rock to get water. (c.1614) by Peter Paul Rubens François Boucher

Neoclassicism Romanticism Realism Art Noveau

The Emperor Napoleon in The Desperate Man (c.1843-

His Study at the Tuileries by The hiker above the sea of fog 1845) by Gustave Courbet Sarah Bernhardt (c.1896) by
Jacques-Louis David (1812) (c. 1817) by Caspar Alphonse Mucha

Impressionism Post-impressionism Fauvism Expressionism

Camille Monet on a Garden The Dance (c.1910) by Henri Landscape with Factory
Bench (1873) by Claude Wheat Field with Cypresses Matisse
(1889) by Vincent van Gogh Chimney (1910) by Wassily
Monet Kandinsky

Cubism Surrealism Abstract Expressionism Contemporary Art

Autumn Rhythm (1950) by

Portrait of Daniel-Henry The Persistence of Memory Jackson Pollock
Kahnweiler, 1910, by Pablo (1931) by Salvador Dali
Puppy (1992) by Jeff Koons
Picasso
 Branches of Philippine Art

1. Traditional/ Ethnic/ Folk Arts 2. Non-traditional Arts

• part of the culture of a group of people • encompass dance, music, theater, visual arts,
• passed down through generations from literature, film and broadcast arts,
master craftsmen to apprentices architecture and allied arts, and design
• folk architecture, maritime transport, • Major art forms
weaving, carving, folk performing arts, folk • bearers of non-traditional arts can be
(oral) literature, folk graphic and plastic arts, nominated as National Artist, equal to
ornament, textile, or fiber art, pottery, and Gawad Manlilikha ng Bayan
other artistic expressions of traditional • Jose Garcia, awarded as the National Artist
culture. of the Philippines title for literature in 1973
• bearers of traditional arts can be nominated
as Gawad Manlilikha ng Bayan
(GAMABA), equal to National Artist
• Apo Whang-Od, a traditional tattoo artist
or mambabatok, and the last of her
generation, has been officially nominated for
the 2020 Gawad sa Manlilikha ng Bayan
(GAMABA) by the National Commission
for Culture and the Arts (NCCA)

Pre-colonial Philippine Art

• The first people in the Philippines, i.e., Negritos • Knew the value of gold and other minerals
from Borneo, Sumatra, and Malaya, were o These coins are called piloncito
hunter-gatherers. However, between 3000 BC o Some were used as ornaments to show status (ex:
Lingling-o ornaments found in Palawan)
and 2000 BC, people learned to farm.
• There was already a rich indigenous spiritual
• From the AD 10th century Filipinos traded with
tradition – the world is inhabited by spirits and
China and by the AD 12th Century Arab
supernatural entities
merchants reached the Philippines and they o Sculpture: likha and anito
introduced Islam. • Women were on equal footing with men.
• Medieval art in the West – focus was on o Ancient Filipinos celebrated a woman’s first
religion and Christianity menstruation
• Pre-colonial inhabitants were literate o they underwent a ceremony known as “dating”
o Those who are living in coastal communities are o Pre-Hispanic Philippine society was neither
said to be the most literate among early Filipinos patriarchal nor matriarchal
o Had systems of writing and reading (ex: Baybayin) o pre-colonial women enjoyed the same rights,
o there were at least 16 different types of writing privileges, and opportunities as did men
systems present around the Philippines o Babaylan – female mystical healers or shaman,
• Literature: There were early forms of literature match the power of Datu
o Babaylan was labeled as witches and was killed when
(riddles; tanaga, diona, dalit poetic forms) Spaniards came
o Early literature was also mostly transmitted through o While these were happening, the Renaissance period
performed rituals was ongoing in the West.
o art was communal not an individualistic property
 Spanish Colonial Period Philippine Art
• When the Spaniards arrived in the Philippines in • The rise of the ilustrados also saw an increase in
1521, the colonizers used art as a tool to the demand of the art of portraiture.
propagate the Catholic faith through beautiful • The need to adorn their newly constructed
images. bahay-na-bato and the want to document their
• Communication was problem, so some native newfound wealth and social status, motivated the
forms were used to promote the Catholic faith ilustrados to commission painters to make
(ex: Diona and Dalit poems, Baybayin) portraits of themselves.
• used images and performative forms to explain • The works of painters like Simon Flores
Catholicism (ex: church paintings, Sinakulo, captured the intricately designed jewelry and
Pasyon) to replace pagan symbols and practices fashion accessories, the minute details of the
embroidered clothes, and ornately designed
• The friars commissioned artisans to create domestic furniture of the patrons. The
Catholic images; they were the patrons of the arts painstaking attention to minute details
in the country. characterized the painting style Miniaturismo.
• the friars enforced strict supervision over their
production of arts; art was only for the church • 1849 – a decree that all Philippine natives should
and religious use. assume Spanish names by Governor-General
• Native traditions were almost wiped out except Narciso Claveria
for traditions of far-flung ethnic communities • Letras y figuras was developed by Jose
who were not in direct contact with the Honorato Lozano
colonizers. • Other artists studied abroad like Felix
• native literature and art were replaced by forms Resureccion Hidalgo – first international
that mirrored the life of medieval Europe Filipino artist who won the gold and silver
medals in the 1884 Madrid Exposition
• The development of the agricultural export • Mariano Baldemor Madrinan – the first
economy provided opportunity for native Indios Filipino to have won an international award in
to acquire economic wealth sculpture; he received a prestigious award from
• They became what was to be called the the King of Spain, Alfonso XII, during the
‘ilustrados’ meaning enlightened and educated international Exposition at Amsterdam.
• The ‘ilustrados’ sent their children to universities
in Europe. Las Virgenes Cristianas
• The ‘ilustrados’ became the new patron of the Expuestas al Populacho
arts. These events paved the way for the (The Christian Virgins
Exposed to the
secularization of art in the 19th century. Rabble) by Félix
Resurrección Hidalgo
• With more tourists, ilustrados and foreigners in 1884
demanding souvenirs and decorations from the
country, Tipos del País (Types of the Country)
developed in painting.
Mater Dolorsa by
• Tipos del País is a style of watercolor painting. Mariano Baldemor
Damián Domingo was the most popular artist Madrinan in 1883
who worked in this style.
• He is also known as the "Father of Filipino
Painting" ALIAS "The First Great Filipino
Painter” and Founder of the Academia de
Dibujo y Pintura, the first school of drawing in BALVINO MAURICIO
the Philippines (1821) Letras Y Figuras by José
Honorato Lozano, 1864-
1845
 American and Commonwealth Period Philippine Art
• The Americans subjugated the Philippines • Fernando Amorsolo paintings burst with yellow-
through education and governance. orange and golden sunlight that captured the
• 48 years (1898-1946) Philippine landscape VS Fabian de la Rosa’s
• Commonwealth period (1935) – established works with subdued cool colors
with U.S. approval, and Manuel Quezon was • Amorsolo was therefore able to show the ideal
elected the country's first president. beauty of the Philippine landscape, the
• public education was free; English was used as Philippine rural life, and the Filipinas.
medium of instruction. Spanish and the major
dialects in the country were excluded from use • Amorsolo also ventured into advertising.
• literary forms from the West infiltrated the • Book and magazine cover designs
classrooms. • Designed commercial products
• indigenous literature and art forms were o “Markang Demonyo” for Ginebra San Miguel
fortunately preserved through the effort of
educated writers and social scientists • University of the Philippines – 1908 (the local
academy for art)
• shift in art patronage • Fabian dela Rosa – first Dean
• The new patrons favored, landscapes, still life, • Amorsolo was a faculty member and
and genre themes that show the beauty of the subsequently became the Dean of the U.P.
land and its people. School of Fine Arts from 1938 to 1952.
• Portraits were still favored by the public officials o the “Amorsolo School” was born
o 1920’s – several young painters started to question
• American Colonization brought high influence to the Amorsolo school style
the major Filipino art forms: paintings,
sculptures and architectures • 1935 – Guillermo Tolentino was commissioned
by the president of UP to sculpt the Oblation
• Fabian dela Rosa (1869 – 1937) – The first • Guillermo Tolentino
painter of note for the 20th century o Studied in Europe (Royal Academy of Fine Arts)
• considered the brightest name in Filipino o 1925 professor at the UP School of Fine Arts
painting and certainly the most important for the o National Artist of the Philippines for Sculpture
first quarter of the century. in 1973
• BUT nephew Fernando Amorsolo captured the o Seal of the Republic of the Philippines and
attention of the public and the buyers and had a Bonifacio Monument
long artistic career. He was named as the
country’s first National Artist in 1972.

Japanese Occupation and Philippine Art

• 1942-1945 • The painting of Amorsolo depicts his unspoken
• Filipinos were scared to express their opinions defiance against the oppression during that time.
• Artistic activities were suspended, but some
artists managed to produce artworks based on
the atrocities brought by the war.
• Literature used for communication by the
guerillas was produced in secret.
• Common themes: wartime scenes, suffering, Doomed Family
propaganda by Dominador Castaneda,
1945
Defense of a
Filipina
Woman’s Honor
by Fernando
Amorsolo, 1945
 Philippine Art after Independence
• End of WW2 - September 1945 • Fernando Amorsolo - first awardee (National
• July 4, 1946 – Philippine Independence Artist of the Philippines) after 35 years from date
• April 2, 1972 - National Artists of the of demise
Philippines award by NCAA
Benefits:
1. The rank and title of National Artist, as 5. a cash award of seventy-five thousand pesos
proclaimed by the President of the (₱75,000.00) net of taxes, for posthumous
Philippines; awardees, payable to legal heir/s;
2. The insignia of a National Artist and a 6. a monthly life pension, medical and
citation; hospitalization benefits;
3. A lifetime emolument and material and 7. life insurance coverage for Awardees who are
physical benefits comparable in value to those still insurable;
received by the highest officers of the land 8. a state funeral and burial at the Libingan ng
such as: mga Bayani;
4. a cash award of one hundred thousand pesos 9. a place of honor, in line with protocolar
(₱100,000.00) net of taxes, for living precedence, at national state functions, and
awardees; recognition at cultural events

Modern Philippine Art (post WWII)

• The PH - one of the longest traditions of Carlos “Botong” Francisco
Modern Art in Asia (1913–1969)
o early links with America • National Artist for Painting (1973)
o pioneering achievements of Filipino artists who
broke away from the classical conventions
• revived the forgotten art of mural and remained
• Art historians would later refer to this group as its most distinguished practitioner for nearly
the ‘Thirteen Moderns’ three decades
• styles vary such as expressionism, surrealism, an • depicted Philippine history in his “History of
abstract expressionism Manila” mural at the Manila City Hall
• trademark fluid lines and brilliant colors filled
Victorio C. Edades (1895–1985) up the entire pictorial space of the mural,
• “Father of Modern Philippine Painting” defying the rules of linear perspective set by the
• National Artist for Painting (1976) local academy
• Unlike, Amorsolo’s bright, sunny, cheerful
hues, Edades’ colors were dark and somber The Martyrdom
with subject matter or themes depicting of Rizal
by Carlos “Botong”
laborers, factory workers or the simple folk in
V. Francisco, 1960.
all their dirt, sweat and grime
• 1930s - University of Sto. Tomas
(Dean; introduced a liberal arts program)
• With Francisco and Galo Ocampo (recruited Other ‘13 Moderns’:
two young dropouts of the U.P. School of Fine 1. Arsenio Capili
Arts), they led the growth of mural painting 2. Bonifacio Cristobal
in the country 3. Demetrio Diego
4. Cesar Legaspi
5. Diosdado Lorenzo
The Builders 6. Anita Magsaysay
by Victorio 7. Vicente Manansala
Edades, 1928 8. Galo Ocampo
9. Hernando Ocampo
10. Jose Pardo
11. Ricarte Puruganan
Hernando Ocampo Napoleon "Billy" Veloso Abueva
(April 28, 1911 – December 28, 1978) (1930-2018)
• Style and subjects • was a student of Tolentino "Father of Modern
o Neorealism (a reaction to the perceived academic Philippine Sculpture"
and sentimental status of art in the previous • National Artist for Sculpture in 1976
generation)
o Abstract with extremely bold colors
• representational style or modern abstract
o Biomorphic shapes
o WW2, sci- fi, and Philippine landscapes
• Self-taught
The Transfiguration
• National Artist for Visual Arts (1991) at Eternal Garden
Memorial Park by
Genesis Napoleon Abueva,
by Hernando 1979
Ocampo, 1968

Contemporary Philippine Art

• 1970-present
• Work of artists living in the 21st century.
• Dynamic
o Combination of materials, methods, concepts, ad
subjects
o Defies traditional boundaries

The People Power Monument by Eduardo Castrillo, 1993.

The Fisherman by Ang Kiukok, 1981.