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According to the document: - Pure randomness is impossible according to Ramsey theory, as complete disorder cannot exist, especially in large structures. While disorder is more probable in general, true randomness is impossible. - The concepts of chance and randomness have been intertwined with fate and religion throughout history. Ancient cultures used divination and games of chance to try to circumvent randomness. - The formal mathematical analysis of randomness began growing rapidly in the early 20th century as new approaches to probability were introduced. Algorithmic information theory further expanded the field through the concept of algorithmic randomness.

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15 views1 page

Random 2

According to the document: - Pure randomness is impossible according to Ramsey theory, as complete disorder cannot exist, especially in large structures. While disorder is more probable in general, true randomness is impossible. - The concepts of chance and randomness have been intertwined with fate and religion throughout history. Ancient cultures used divination and games of chance to try to circumvent randomness. - The formal mathematical analysis of randomness began growing rapidly in the early 20th century as new approaches to probability were introduced. Algorithmic information theory further expanded the field through the concept of algorithmic randomness.

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nipavi8655
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According to Ramsey theory, pure randomness is impossible, especially for large structures.

Mathematician Theodore Motzkin suggested that "while disorder is more probable in general,
complete disorder is impossible".[4] Misunderstanding this can lead to numerous conspiracy
theories.[5] Cristian S. Calude stated that "given the impossibility of true randomness, the effort
is directed towards studying degrees of randomness".[6] It can be proven that there is infinite
hierarchy (in terms of quality or strength) of forms of randomness.[6]

History
In ancient history, the concepts of chance and randomness
were intertwined with that of fate. Many ancient peoples
threw dice to determine fate, and this later evolved into
games of chance. Most ancient cultures used various
methods of divination to attempt to circumvent randomness
and fate.[7][8] Beyond religion and games of chance,
randomness has been attested for sortition since at least
ancient Athenian democracy in the form of a kleroterion.[9]

The formalization of odds and chance was perhaps earliest Ancient fresco of dice players in
done by the Chinese of 3,000 years ago. The Greek Pompei
philosophers discussed randomness at length, but only in
non-quantitative forms. It was only in the 16th century that
Italian mathematicians began to formalize the odds associated with various games of chance.
The invention of calculus had a positive impact on the formal study of randomness. In the 1888
edition of his book The Logic of Chance, John Venn wrote a chapter on The conception of
randomness that included his view of the randomness of the digits of pi, by using them to
construct a random walk in two dimensions.[10]

The early part of the 20th century saw a rapid growth in the formal analysis of randomness, as
various approaches to the mathematical foundations of probability were introduced. In the mid-
to-late-20th century, ideas of algorithmic information theory introduced new dimensions to the
field via the concept of algorithmic randomness.

Although randomness had often been viewed as an obstacle and a nuisance for many centuries,
in the 20th century computer scientists began to realize that the deliberate introduction of
randomness into computations can be an effective tool for designing better algorithms. In some
cases, such randomized algorithms even outperform the best deterministic methods.[11]

In science
Many scientific fields are concerned with randomness:

Algorithmic probability
Chaos theory
Cryptography
Game theory
Information theory
Pattern recognition
Percolation theory

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