CLIMATE CHANGE ANALYSIS AND

PREDICTION (Special Project by Vase Sudeep Jason 20stuchh010128)

Climate change analysis is a complex and warming to below 2°C, but that this will require
multidisciplinary field that has been the subject of significant changes in the global energy
extensive research in recent years. Here is a literature
system. The study emphasized the importance of a
review on climate change analysis, covering some of
comprehensive approach that includes both mitigation
the most important studies in this area.
and adaptation measures.
Climate Modeling
Overall, the literature on climate change analysis
Climate modeling is a crucial tool for understanding highlights the urgent need for action to mitigate the
the dynamics of the Earth's climate system and impacts of climate change and adapt to its inevitable
projecting future climate scenarios. A study by Collins effects. Climate modeling and impact assessments are
et al. (2013) reviewed the state of climate modeling and crucial tools for understanding the complex dynamics
highlighted the need for improved models to better of the Earth's climate system and projecting future
simulate the complex interactions between the climate scenarios. While the challenges posed by
atmosphere, oceans, land surface, and cryosphere. climate change are significant, the literature also
Advances in computing power and observational data highlights the potential for innovative solutions and
have led to the development of more sophisticated the importance of international cooperation to address
climate models, which have improved our this global challenge.
understanding of the mechanisms driving climate
change.

Impacts on Ecosystems

Climate change is already having significant impacts

on ecosystems around the world. A study by
Parmesan and Yohe (2003) reviewed the evidence for
climate change impacts on plants and animals,
including changes in species ranges, phenology, and
ecological interactions. The study concluded that
climate change is affecting a wide range of species and
ecosystems and that these impacts are likely to Global warming
accelerate in the coming decades.
Global warming is one area of research that has been
Impacts on Human Systems steadily increasing in discussions along the last
decades. With temperatures increasing around the
Climate change also has significant impacts on human globe and natural disasters happening in higher
systems, including food and water security, frequency, businesses are starting to pay more and
infrastructure, and human health. A study by Hsiang more attention to it since it will impact the future of
et al. (2017) reviewed the evidence for climate change the whole global population, especially in littoral areas
impacts on human societies and found that these and places prone to natural disasters. Since 2010, the
impacts are likely to be unevenly distributed, with overall number of articles published about this topic
poorer countries and communities being most has increased as it is important to understand and
vulnerable. The study also highlighted the need for have literature about this phenomenon in order to take
adaptation strategies to reduce the negative impacts of action against, to prevent, and prepare for what is
climate change on human systems. coming in the near future. The objective for this
systematic literature review is to generate awareness
Mitigation Strategies
of what kind of research is being published in the field
Mitigation strategies, such as reducing greenhouse gas of climate change and business, within the time frame
emissions, are crucial for limiting the severity of future of 2010 to 2021. Our research may support future
climate change. A study by Edenhofer et al. (2014) studies in pinpointing missing aspects in the literature
reviewed the economics of climate change mitigation and to understand what measures are necessary for
and concluded that it is feasible to limit global businesses to survive and improve the global situation.

Global Warming Prediction using Machine Learning in Python

 Classification
As we all know global warming is affecting the earth
Classification in supervised Machine Learning (ML) is
and the main reason is the increase in temperature and
the process of predicting the class or category of data
here analyzing the increase and decrease in
based on predefined classes of data that have been
temperature through many aspects like major cities to
'labeled'. Labeled data is data that has already been
developed and under developing countries where we
classified.
get information about what are the main reason for
temperature.

Through machine learning, predicting the future

average temperature for developed and developing
countries, performing data analytics on data and
getting a quite brief idea about each insight.

We are performing all operations on the temperature

dataset from Kaggle.

These are some important libraries:

pandas library in Python use for manipulation of

data. Naïve Bayes (NB):

Numpy library help in performing scientific

manipulation on data.

datetime library is for assigning certain months, year

or time.

seaborn for data visualization on a statistical basis.

math for performing mathematics in code.
matplotlib for plotting the results and variations of
data.

Linear Regression
In statistics, linear regression is a linear approach for
modeling the relationship between a scalar response
and one or more explanatory variables (also known as
dependent and independent variables). The case of
one explanatory variable is called simple linear
regression; for more than one, the process is called
multiple linear regression.
Naïve Bayes is one of the supervised machine
learning classification algorithms. Earlier it is used
for text classification. It deals with the datasets
which have the highest dimensionality. Some
examples are sentimental analysis, spam filtration,
etc. This naïve Bayes algorithm is based on Bayes
theorem with the assumption that attributes are
independent of each other. It is nothing but
attributes in one class that is independent of any
other attributes that are present in the same class

LITERATURE SURVEY.

UNEP | One Atmosphere: An Independent Expert

Review on Solar Radiation Modification Research
and Deployment
Solar Radiation Modification – a speculative group of
technologies to cool the Earth – requires far more
research into its risks and benefits before any
consideration for potential deployment, according to
an Expert Panel convened by the United Nations
Environment Programme. The panel finds that Solar
Radiation Modification is not yet ready for large-scale
deployment to cool the Earth. Rapid reduction in
greenhouse gas emissions must remain the global
priority, the report states.

WMO | Provisional State of the Global Climate 2022

The past eight years are on track to be the eight
warmest on record, fueled by ever rising greenhouse
gas concentrations and accumulated heat. Extreme
heat waves, drought and devastating flooding have
affected millions and cost billions this year, warns the
Provisional State of the Global Climate report.

WMO | Greenhouse Gas Bulletin 2022

The latest report warns that atmospheric levels of the
three main greenhouse gasses - carbon dioxide,
methane, and nitrous oxide - reached new record
highs in 2021, showing the biggest year-on-year jump
in methane concentrations since systematic
measurements began nearly 40 years ago. Moreover,
the increase in carbon dioxide levels from 2020 to 2021
was larger than the average annual growth rate over
the last decade.
CONCLUSION
While there is still much to learn about the complex
and interconnected processes that drive climate
change, the scientific consensus is that urgent action
is needed to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and
limit the warming of the planet. The findings of
climate change research have important implications
for policymakers, businesses, and individuals as they
seek to mitigate the impacts of climate change and
adapt to a changing world.

Continued research and innovation will be critical in

developing new technologies, strategies, and policies
to address the global challenge of climate change and
build a sustainable future for all.

REFERENCES
https://chat.openai.com/

https://www.un.org/en/climatechange/reports

https://www.noaa.gov/education/resource-
collections/climate/climate-change-impacts