Statistics 3rd Edition Agresti Test Bank

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MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.
Select the most appropriate answer.
1) In a survey of 500 residents, 300 were opposed to the use of the photo-cop for issuing traffic 1) _______
tickets. What is the best point estimate for the proportion of all residents opposed to the
photo-cop use?
A) 300 B) 50% C) 500 D) 60% E) 40%

2) In an effort to monitor the level of lead in the air after an explosion at a battery factory, the 2) _______
following lead readings were taken for 6 days following the explosion (in ug/ ). What is the
point estimate for the population mean lead level in the air over the 6 days following the
explosion?

Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday

5.40 1.10 0.42 0.73 0.48 1.10

A) 0.42 B) 0.50 C) 2.91 D) 1.54 E) 0.73

Provide an appropriate response.

3) A 90% confidence interval for the mean percentage of airline reservations being canceled on the 3) _______
day of the flight is (1.3%, 5.1%). What is the point estimate of the mean percentage of
reservations that are canceled on the day of the flight?
A) 3.20% B) 1.90% C) 3.80% D) 2.55% E) 5.10%

4) Many people think that a national lobby's successful fight against gun control legislation is 4) _______
reflecting the will of a minority of Americans. A random sample of 4,000 citizens yielded 2290
who are in favor of gun control legislation. Find the point estimate for estimating the proportion
of all Americans who are in favor of gun control legislation.
A) 0.5725 B) 4000 C) 0.8588 D) 2290 E) 0.4275

5) In a survey of 500 residents, 300 were opposed to the use of the photo-cop for issuing traffic 5) _______
tickets. The standard error of the estimate is found to be 0.022. Find the margin of error that
corresponds to a 95% confidence interval.
A) 0.40
B) none of these
C) 0.043
D) 0.60
E) 0.035

6) In monitoring lead in the air after an explosion at a battery factory, it is found that the amounts 6) _______
of lead (in ug/m3) over a 6 day period had a standard error of 1.91. Find the margin of error that
corresponds to a 95% confidence interval.
A) 95
B) none of these
C) 1.91
D) 5.65
E) 3.74

7) In a poll of registered voters nationwide, the responses to the question "Who do you blame the est the
most for the recent increase in gasoline prices: oil producing countries, oil companies, the im populati
President, Americans who drive vehicles that use a lot of gasoline, or normal supply and ate on
demand pressures?" are given in the table that follows. Based on these responses, find a point for proporti
on who 7) __
would __
answer __
"the _
President
."

A) 0.22
B) 311
C) 0.47
D) none of these
E) 0.34

8) A recent survey asked 917 respondents "how much do you favor or oppose requiring car makers 8) _______
to make cars and trucks that use less gasoline?" Their responses are given in the table below.
Based on these responses, find a point estimate for the population proportion who either
strongly favor or favor requiring car makers to make cars and trucks that use less gasoline.

A) 0.84
B) 0.21
C) none of these
D) 0.92
E) 0.70

9) A recent survey asked respondents how many hours they spent per week on the internet. Of the 9) _______
15 respondents making $2,000,000 or more annually, the responses were: 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 2, 3, 3, 4, 5,
6, 7, 10, 40 and 70. Find a point estimate of the population mean number of hours spent on the
internet for those making $2,000,000 or more.
A) none of these
B) 10
C) 3
D) 0
E) 15

10) A recent survey asked respondents how many hours they spent per week on the internet. The 10) ______
sample mean was 5.74 and the standard error of this estimate is 0.20. What is the margin of
error for a 95% confidence interval for the population mean number of hours spent weekly on
the internet?
A) 0.20 B) 0.39 C) 1.96 D) 0.40 E) 0.52
11) According to a survey, the mean income before taxes of consumer units (i.e., households) in the 11) ______
U.S. was $60,533 with a standard error of 717.51. Find the margin of error for constructing a
95% confidence interval on the population mean income before taxes of all consumer units in the
U.S.
A) 1406.32
B) 1851.18
C) 1435.02
D) cannot be determined with the information given
E) 366.08

12) In a poll of registered voters nationwide, 43% of those polled blamed oil companies the most for 12) ______
the recent increase in gasoline prices. The margin of error for this poll is 2.4%. What does this
represent?
A) The population proportion is between 0.406 and 0.454.
B) All of these are representative.
C) The sample proportion likely falls within 2.4% of the population proportion, which is
between 0.406 and 0.454.
D) The sampling distribution of the sample proportion has a standard deviation equal to
0.024.
E) The sample proportion likely falls within 2.4% of the population proportion.

13) In a poll of 278 registered voters in a certain city, 67% said that they were in favor of a bill which 13) ______
would limit growth and development in their city. The margin of error in the poll was reported
as 6 percentage points (with a 95% degree of confidence). Which statement is correct?
A) The reported margin of error is consistent with the sample size
B) There is not enough information to determine whether the margin of error is consistent
with the sample size
C) For the given sample size, the margin of error should be larger than stated
D) For the given sample size, the margin of error should be smaller than stated
E) The sample size is too small to achieve the stated margin of error

14) A 95% confidence interval for a population mean has a margin of error of 3.9. If the sample mean 14) ______
is 54.6, obtain the 95% confidence interval.
A) from 50.7 to 58.5
B) from 52.64 to 56.56
C) from 46.8 to 62.4
D) from 46.96 to 62.24
E) from 50.7 to 54.6

15) In a survey of 500 residents, 300 were opposed to the use of the photo-cop for issuing traffic 15) ______
tickets. Find a 95% confidence interval for the population proportion who are opposed to the use
of the photo-cop for issuing traffic tickets if the standard error of the estimate is 0.022.
A) (0.578, 0.622)
B) (0.557, 0.643)
C) (0.564, 0.636)
D) (300, 500)
E) none of these

16) In monitoring the levels of lead in the air after an explosion at a battery factory, it is found that 16) ______
the amounts of lead (in ug/m3) over a 6 day period had a mean of 1.54 and a standard error of
1.91. Construct a 95% confidence interval for the population mean.
 A) (-2.2, 5.28)
B) (-0.37, 3.45)
C) (-4.11, 7.19)
D) none of these
E) (-1.60, 4.68)

17) A recent survey asked respondents how many hours they spent per week on the internet. The 17) ______
sample mean was 5.74 and the standard error of this estimate is 0.20. Construct a 95%
confidence interval for the population mean number of hours spent per week on the internet.
A) (3.78, 7.7) B) (5.54, 5.94) C) (5.34, 6.14) D) (5.22, 6.26) E) (5.35, 6.13)

18) According to a recent survey, the mean income before taxes of consumer units (i.e., households) 18) ______
in the U.S. was $60,533 with a margin of error equal to 1406.32 (for a 95% confidence level).
Calculate a 95% confidence level for the population mean income before taxes for all U.S.
consumer units.
A) (59,126.68, 61,939.32)
B) (58,681.82, 62,384.18)
C) (60,166.92, 60,899.08)
D) (59,097.98, 61,968.02)
E) (57,776.61, 63,289.39)

19) In a poll of registered voters nationwide, 43% of those polled blamed oil companies the most for 19) ______
the recent increase in gasoline prices. The margin of error at the 95% confidence level for this
point estimate is 2.4%. Construct a 95% confidence level for the population proportion who
blame oil companies for the recent increase in gasoline prices.
A) (0.406, 0.454)
B) (0.368, 0.492)
C) (0.383, 0.477)
D) (0.382, 0.478)
E) cannot be determined from the information given

20) The measures how accurate the point estimate is likely to be in estimating a 20) ______
parameter.
A) degree of unbiasedness
B) margin of error
C) standard deviation
D) confidence level
E) interval estimate

21) The sample mean and the sample proportion are of the population mean and 21) ______
the population proportion, respectively.
A) interval estimates
B) unbiased estimates
C) biased estimates
D) point estimates
E) both unbiased estimates and point estimates

22) A confidence interval for a parameter is constructed by adding and subtracting a 22) ______
to a given point estimate.
A) confidence level
B) margin of error
 C) sample portion
D) sample standard deviation
E) confidence coefficient

23) An interval estimate is typically preferred over a point estimate because 23) ______
I) it gives us a sense of accuracy of the point estimate
II) we know the probability that it contains the parameter (e.g., 95%)
III) it provides us with more possible parameter values
A) II only
B) both I and II
C) all of these
D) I only
E) III only

24) A good estimator of a parameter has which of the following properties? 24) ______
I) the standard deviation of the estimator is small
II) the estimator is unbiased
III) the estimator has a high confidence level
A) III only
B) I only
C) II only
D) both I and II
E) all of these

SHORT ANSWER. Write the word or phrase that best completes each statement or answers the question.
25) Why is a point estimate alone not sufficiently informative? 25) _____________

26) What are the two properties of a good point estimator? 26) _____________

27) Explain what it means for a method of point estimation to be (a) unbiased, (b) have a 27) _____________
small standard deviation compared to other estimators.

28) Explain how an interval estimate is more informative than a point estimate. 28) _____________

MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.
29) Is it true that the point estimate of a population mean must lie within the range of values defined 29) ______
by the corresponding confidence-interval estimate, regardless of the level of confidence
achieved? Explain.
A) Yes. By definition, the prescribed confidence interval contains the value of the point
estimate.
B) No. The confidence interval only defines a range of values that is likely to contain the point
estimate with some prescribed level of confidence. This range of values is not guaranteed
to contain the point estimate.

SHORT ANSWER. Write the word or phrase that best completes each statement or answers the question.
30) Describe what it means if the margin of error for a 95% confidence interval for a 30) _____________
population parameter equals 0.13.

MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.
Find the standard error
31) In a sample of 200 observations, there were 80 positive outcomes. Find the standard error for the 31) ______
sample proportion.
 A) 0.0346 B) 0.120 C) 0.0420 D) 0.0616 E) 0.0692

32) Out of 400 trials, 60 turned out positive. Find the standard error for the sample proportion. 32) ______
A) 0.0649 B) 0.0215 C) 0.0358 D) 0.0721 E) 0.0179

33) A poll of 163 voters resulted in 110 favorable responses. Find the standard error for the sample 33) ______
proportion.
A) 0.0139 B) 0.0179 C) 0.0447 D) 0.0367 E) 0.0649

34) In a survey of 550 T.V. viewers, 20% said they watch network news programs. Find the 34) ______
standard error for the sample proportion.
A) 0.0122 B) 0.0139 C) 0.0342 D) 0.0003 E) 0.0171

35) In a survey of 3200 T.V. viewers, 20% said they watch network news programs. Find the 35) ______
standard error for the sample proportion.
A) 0.0649 B) 0.0142 C) 0.0865 D) 0.0721 E) 0.0071

Find the margin of error

36) In a survey of 5100 T.V. viewers, 40% said they watch network news programs. Find the margin 36) ______
of error for this survey if we want 95% confidence in our estimate of the percentage of T.V.
viewers who watch network news programs.
A) 1.76% B) 1.12% C) 1.34% D) 2.00% E) 1.54%

37) A survey found that 89% of a random sample of 1024 American adults approved of cloning 37) ______
endangered animals. Find the margin of error for this survey if we want 90% confidence in our
estimate of the percentage of American adults who approve of cloning endangered animals.
A) 1.10% B) 1.92% C) 16.5% D) 4.85% E) 1.61%

38) In a survey of 280 adults over 50, 75% said they were taking vitamin supplements. Find the 38) ______
margin of error for this survey if we want a 99% confidence in our estimate of the percentage of
adults over 50 who take vitamin supplements.
A) 6.66% B) 7.00% C) 13.3% D) 6.03% E) 5.07%

39) A recent poll of 1500 new home buyers found that 60% hired a moving company to help them 39) ______
move to their new home. Find the margin of error for this poll if we want 95% confidence in
our estimate of the percentage of new home buyers who hired movers.
A) 2.48% B) 2.5% C) 2.08% D) 4.96% E) 3.01%

40) A recent poll of 500 residents in a large town found that only 36% were in favor of a proposed 40) ______
referendum to build a new high school. Find the margin of error for this poll if we want 95%
confidence in our estimate of the percentage of residents in favor of this proposed referendum.
A) 8.42% B) 3.52% C) 2.5% D) 5.53% E) 4.21%

41) In a sample of 198 observations, there were 80 positive outcomes. Find the margin of error for 41) ______
the 95% confidence interval used to estimate the population proportion.
A) 0.00238 B) 0.120 C) 0.0684 D) 0.0616 E) 0.1368

42) Out of 400 trials, 60 turned out positive. Find the margin of error for the 95% confidence interval 42) ______
used to estimate the population proportion.
A) 0.0350 B) 0.0315 C) 0.700 D) 0.0368 E) 0.0420

43) In a survey of 2300 T.V. viewers, 690 said they watch network news programs. Find the margin of error
for the 43) ___
95% ___
confiden
ce
interval
used to
estimate
the
populati
on
proporti
on.
A) 0.0187 B) 0.0245 C) 0.0374 D) 0.0215 E) 0.0140

44) A poll of 163 voters resulted in 110 favorable responses. Find the margin of error for the 95% 44) ______
confidence interval used to estimate the population proportion.
A) 0.0719 B) 0.180 C) 0.0865 D) 0.0649 E) 0.1442

45) In a clinical test with 2171 subjects, 1214 showed improvement from the treatment. Find the 45) ______
margin of error for the 95% confidence interval used to estimate the population proportion.
A) 0.0178 B) 0.0418 C) 0.0209 D) 0.0282 E) 0.0234

Use the given degree of confidence and sample data to construct a confidence interval for the population proportion.
46) A survey of 865 voters in one state reveals that 408 favor approval of an issue before the 46) ______
legislature. Construct a 95% confidence interval for the proportion of all voters in the state who
favor approval.
A) (0.469, 0.475)
B) (0.431, 0.512)
C) (0.438, 0.505)
D) (0.423, 0.520)
E) (0.444, 0.500)

47) Of 346 items tested, 12 are found to be defective. Construct a 98% confidence interval to estimate 47) ______
the proportion of all such items that are defective.
A) (0.093, 0.600)
B) (0.014, 0.055)
C) (0.015, 0.054)
D) (0.012, 0.058)
E) (0.013, 0.680)

48) When 293 college students are randomly selected and surveyed, it is found that 114 own a car. 48) ______
Construct a 99% confidence interval for the percentage of all college students who own a car.
A) (32.3%, 45.5%)
B) (31.6%, 46.2%)
C) (31.6%, 44.5%)
D) (33.3%, 44.5%)
E) (34.2%, 43.6%)

49) Of 369 randomly selected medical students, 23 said that they planned to work in a rural 49) ______
community. Construct a 95% confidence interval for the percentage of all medical students who
plan to work in a rural community.
A) (3.77%, 8.70%)
 B) (3.77%, 9.47%)
C) (4.16%, 8.30%)
D) (3.30%, 9.17%)
E) (2.99%, 9.47%)

SHORT ANSWER. Write the word or phrase that best completes each statement or answers the question.
Provide an appropriate response.
50) A city council votes to appropriate funds for a new civic auditorium. The mayor of the 50) _____________
city threatens to veto this decision unless it can be shown that a majority of citizens
would use it at least twice a year. The council commissions a poll of city residents. For a
random sample of 400 residents, 230 say they would use the facility at least twice a year.
Find a 95% confidence interval for the proportion of all residents of the town who would
say they would use the proposed auditorium at least twice a year. Interpret the interval
and advise the mayor.

51) You work for a credit card company. You are assigned to estimate the proportion of the 51) _____________
accounts in which a customer applied for and received a card but never used it. For a
random sample of 20 customers, 3 never used it. Find a 95% confidence interval for the
population proportion. Can you conclude that fewer than half the people who received
the credit card never used it?

52) A poll of 1013 people indicated that 41% of Americans said that they could trust most 52) _____________
people. Can we conclude that less than half of all Americans feel this way? Explain
your reasoning based on a 95% confidence level.

53) A poll asked whether marijuana should be legalized for medical purposes. 72% said 53) _____________
definitely yes, 20% said probably, 2% said probably not, 5% said definitely not, and 2%
had no opinion.
a. Assuming that this was a random sample, construct a 95% confidence
interval for the population
proportion who would answer definitely yes or probably. Can you
conclude that a majority of
all Canadians would answer this way? Explain.
b. Check that the sample size was large enough to construct the interval in
(a).

MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.
54) In a poll of 553 voters in a certain city, 64% said that they backed a bill that would limit growth 54) ______
and development in their city. The margin of error in the poll was reported as 4 percentage
points (with a 95% degree of confidence). Make a statement about the adequacy of the sample
size for the given margin of error.
A) The sample size is too small to achieve the stated margin of error.
B) The reported margin of error is consistent with the sample size.
C) The sample size is too large to achieve the stated margin of error.
D) For the given sample size, the margin of error should be smaller than stated.
E) For the given sample size, the margin of error should be larger than stated.

55) In a poll of 25,000 voters in a certain city, 74% said that they backed a bill that would limit 55) ______
growth and development in their city. The margin of error in the poll was reported as 2
percentage points (with a 95% degree of confidence). Make a statement about the adequacy of
the sample size for the given margin of error.
A) The reported margin of error is consistent with the sample size.
 B) The sample size is too small to achieve the stated margin of error.
C) The stated margin of error could be achieved with a smaller sample size.
D) The stated margin of error could be achieved with a larger sample size.
E) The sample size is too large to achieve the stated margin of error.

56) After conducting a survey, a researcher wishes to cut the standard error (and thus the margin of 56) ______

error) to of its original value. How will the necessary sample size change?
A) It will increase by a factor of 3.
B) It will remain the same.
C) It will decrease by a factor of 9.
D) It will increase by a factor of 9.
E) It will decrease by a factor of 3.

57) In a survey of 1,000 television viewers, 40% said they watch network news programs. For a 57) ______
90% confidence level, the margin of error for this estimate is 2.5%. If we want to be 92.5%
confident, how will the margin of error change?
A) Since more confidence requires a more narrow interval, the margin of error will be smaller.
B) The margin of error will remain the same.
C) Since more confidence requires a more narrow interval, the margin of error will be larger.
D) Since more confidence requires a wider interval, the margin of error will be smaller.
E) Since more confidence requires a wider interval, the margin of error will be larger.

58) In a survey of 1,000 television viewers, 40% said they watch network news programs. For a 58) ______
99% confidence level, the margin of error for this estimate is 3.99%. If we only want to be 90%
confident, how will the margin of error change?
A) Since less confidence allows a narrower interval, the margin of error will be smaller.
B) Since less confidence allows a wider interval, the margin of error will be smaller.
C) Since less confidence allows a wider interval, the margin of error will be larger.
D) the margin of error will remain the same.
E) Since less confidence allows a narrower interval, the margin of error will be larger.

59) The real estate industry claims that it is the best and most effective system to market residential 59) ______
real estate. A survey of randomly selected home sellers in Illinois found that a 95% confidence
interval for the proportion of homes that are sold by a real estate agent is 69% to 81%. Interpret
the interval in this context
A) We are 95% confident, based on this sample, that between 69% and 81% of all homes in
Illinois are sold by a real estate agent.
B) In 95% of the years, between 69% and 81% of homes in Illinois are sold by a real estate
agent.
C) 95% of all homes in Illinois are sold by a real estate agent.
D) 95% of all random samples of home sellers in Illinois will show that between 69% and 81%
of homes are sold by a real estate agent.
E) We are 95% confident that between 69% and 81% of homes in this survey are sold by a real
estate agent.

60) In practice a is an estimated standard deviation of a sampling distribution. 60) ______

A) population standard deviation
B) standard error.
C) margin of error
D) none of these
E) sample standard deviation
Select the most appropriate answer.
61) When a higher confidence level is used to estimate a proportion and all other factors involved 61) ______
are held constant
A) there is not enough information to determine the effect on the confidence interval.
B) the confidence interval will be narrower.
C) the confidence interval will be less likely to contain the parameter being estimated.
D) the confidence interval will not be affected.
E) the confidence interval will be wider.

62) The width of a confidence interval estimate for a proportion is 62) ______
A) narrower when the sample proportion is 0.10 than when the sample proportion is 0.45.
B) wider for 90% confidence than for 95% confidence.
C) narrowest when the sample proportion is 0.5.
D) wider when the sample proportion is 0.95 than when the sample proportion is 0.55.
E) narrower for a sample size of 50 than for a sample size of 100.

Provide an appropriate response.

63) 63) ______
You are planning to use a sample proportion to estimate a population proportion, p. A sample
size of 100 and a confidence level of 95% yielded a margin of error of 0.025. Which of the
following will result in a larger margin of error?
I: Increasing the sample size while keeping the same confidence level
II: Decreasing the sample size while keeping the same confidence level
III: Increasing the confidence level while keeping the same sample size
IV: Decreasing the confidence level while keeping the same sample size
A) IV B) I and III C) I and IV D) II and III E) II and IV

SHORT ANSWER. Write the word or phrase that best completes each statement or answers the question.
64) For estimating a population proportion, 64) _____________
a. Find the standard error of for n = 1000 when = 0.10, 0.30, 0.50, 0.70,
0.90.
b. Using these, explain why a confidence interval for a proportion close to
0.50 is wider than one
close to 0 or 1 for the same sample size.

65) A newspaper article about bilingualism in Canada states that its estimate for the 65) _____________
proportion of all adult Canadians who are bilingual has a margin of error equal to 0.04.
How could you explain what this means to someone who has not taken a statistics
course?

66) A researcher wishes to estimate the mean resting heart rate for long-distance runners. A 66) _____________
random sample of runners yields the following heart rates, in beats per
minute.

Use the data to obtain a point estimate of the mean resting heart rate for all long distance
runners.

67) Physiologists often use the forced vital capacity as a way to assess a person's ability to cap y of people
move air in and out of their lungs. A researcher wishes to estimate the forced vital acit suffering from
asthma. 67) ___
A ___
random ___
sample ___
of 15 _
asthmati
cs yields
the
followin
g data on
forced
vital
capacity,
in liters.

Use the
data to
obtain a
point
estimate
of the
mean
forced
vital
capacity
for all
asthmati
cs.

68) A researcher for a car insurance company wishes to estimate the mean annual premium 68) _____________
that women aged for their car insurance. A random sample of 16 women
aged between 25 and 30 yields the following annual premiums, in dollars.

Use the data to obtain a point estimate of the mean annual premium for all women aged
between 25 and 30. Round your answer to the nearest dollar.

69) A long-distance phone company wishes to estimate the mean duration of long-distance a point estimate
calls originating in Texas. A random sample of 15 long-distance calls originating in Use of the mean call
Texas yields the following call durations, in minutes. the duration for all
dat long-distance
a to calls originating
obt in Texas.
ain
69) _____________

70) Based on a sample of 39 randomly selected years, a 90% confidence interval for the mean 70) _____________
annual precipitation in one city is from to

71) Based on a sample of size 49, a 95% confidence interval for the mean score of all students 71) _____________
on an aptitude test is from 64.3 to 69.7.

72) How tall is your average English classmate? To determine this, you measure the height 72) _____________
of a random sample of 15 of your 100 fellow students, finding a 95% confidence interval
for the mean height of 67.25 to 69.75 inches.

73) Alarmed at the rising gas prices in your town, you decide to estimate the average gas 73) _____________
price for a gallon of regular gas. From your sample of 25 gas stations, you calculate a
90% confidence interval of ($2.99, $3.11)

74) Typically, how much fat is there in a reduced-fat cookies? You take a random sample of 74) _____________
51 reduced-fat cookies and test them in a lab, constructing the following confidence
interval:
t-interval for μ: with 90% Confidence,
2.3 < μ < 3.4

75) To determine the mean number of unpopped kernels in your favorite brand of 75) _____________
microwave popcorn, you pop a random sample of 50 bags of popcorn and construct of
98% confidence interval of (12.5, 15.4).

76) Analysis of a random sample of 250 Virginia nurses produced a 95% confidence 76) _____________
interval for the mean annual salary of

77) Data collected by child development scientists produced the following 90% confidence 77) _____________
interval for the average age (in months) at which children say their first word: 10.4 < μ
< 13.8.

78) A random sample of clients at a weight loss center was given a dietary supplement to 78) _____________
see if it would promote weight loss. The center reported that the 100 clients lost an
average of 46 pounds, and that a 95% confidence interval for the mean weight loss this
supplement produced has a margin of error of ±9 pounds.

79) How many unpopped kernels are left when you pop a bag of microwave popcorn? The 79) _____________
quality control personnel at a company that manufactures microwave popcorn take a
random sample of 50 bags of popcorn. They pop each bag in a microwave and then
count the number of unpopped kernels. The following interval is produced:
t-interval for μ: with 99% Confidence,
11 < μ < 25

80) A researcher wants to estimate the mean cholesterol level of people in his city.A random 80) _____________
sample of 21 people yields an average cholesterol level of 219, with a margin of error of
±12. Assume the researcher used a confidence level of 90%.

81) A 95% confidence interval for a population mean income goes from $30,000 to $32,000. 81) _____________
Does this mean that it is impossible that the population mean is less than $30,000 or
greater than $32,000? Explain.
82) Based from data on subjects' reports of the number of sex partners they had in the last 12 82) _____________
months, a computer printout reports the following information for female respondents:

a. Based on the reported sample size and standard deviation, verify the reported
value for the standard error.
b. For the 1005 males, the mean was 1.30 with standard deviation 1.26. What two
statistical factors cause a 95% confidence interval for females to be narrower than a 95%
confidence interval for males?

83) An article reports that for students enrolled at a large research university the sample 83) _____________
mean and standard deviation for high school grade point average were 3.73 and 0.45,
respectively. Suppose the results are based on a random sample of 101 students at the
university. Construct a 95% confidence interval for the mean high school GPA for
students at this university. Interpret in context.

84) Recent findings have suggested that infant sex differences exist in behavioral and 84) _____________
physiological reactions to stress. One study evaluated changes in the heart rate for a
sample of infants placed in a stressful situation. For the 15 female infants, a printout for
the data on the change in heart rate shows:

a. Show how the software obtained the value for "SE Mean." Explain what this
represents.
b. Explain how software obtained the value of df, and indicate which t-score was
used in constructing the 95% confidence interval.
c. From the confidence interval shown, can you conclude that the true mean
change in heart rate is positive? Explain.
d. Explain the implications of the term "robust" regarding the normality
assumption made to conduct this analysis.

85) A survey asks "What is the highest grade that you finished and got credit for?" Of 2753 85) _____________
respondents, only 5 people said 0 years. You would like a 95% confidence interval for
the population proportion with no formal education.

a. Why is the ordinary large-sample confidence interval formula not valid?

b. Construct a valid interval. Interpret in context.

86) 90% confidence interval with df = 4. 86) _____________

87) 95% confidence interval with df = 15 87) _____________

88) 99% confidence interval with df = 24 88) _____________

89) A 95% confidence interval with df = 29 89) _____________

90) A 99% confidence interval from a sample of size 41 90) _____________

 91) A 90% confidence interval from a sample of size 20. 91) _____________

92) Thirty randomly selected students took the statistics final. If the sample mean was 82 92) _____________
and the standard deviation was 12.2, construct a 99% confidence interval for the mean
score of all students.

93) A sociologist develops a test to measure attitudes about public transportation, and 27 93) _____________
randomly selected subjects are given the test. Their mean score is 76.2 and their standard
deviation is 21.4. Construct the 95% confidence interval for the mean score of all such
subjects.

94) A savings and loan association needs information concerning the checking account 94) _____________
balances of its local customers. A random sample of 14 accounts was checked and
yielded a mean balance of $664.14 and a standard deviation of $297.29. Find a 98%
confidence interval for the true mean checking account balance for local customers.

95) A laboratory tested twelve chicken eggs and found that the mean amount of cholesterol 95) _____________
was 246 milligrams with milligrams. Construct a 95% confidence interval for
the true mean cholesterol content of all such eggs.

96) A sample of 81 calculus students at a large college had a mean mathematics ACT score 96) _____________
of 26 with a standard deviation of 6. Find a 95% confidence interval for the mean
mathematics ACT score for all calculus students at this college.

97) Among a sample of 65 students selected at random from one high school, the mean 97) _____________
number of siblings is 1.3 with a standard deviation of 1.1. Find a 95% confidence
interval for the mean number of siblings for all students at this high school.

98) Typically, how much sugar is in a cookie with reduced sugar? You take a random 98) _____________
sample of 51 reduced-sugar cookies and test them in a lab, finding a mean sugar content
of 3.2 grams and a standard deviation of 1.1 grams of sugar. Create a 99% confidence
interval for the mean grams of sugar.

99) How tall is your average English classmate? To determine this, you measure the height 99) _____________
of a random sample of 15 of your 200 fellow students, finding a mean height of 68 inches
and a standard deviation of 2.3 inches. Construct a 90% confidence interval for the
mean height of your classmates.

100) A college math professor has office hours from 9:00 am to 10:30 am daily. A random 100) ____________
sample of waiting times to see the professor (in minutes) is 10, 12, 20, 15, 17, 10, 30, 28,
35, 28, 19, 27, 25, 22, 33, 37, 14, 21, 20, 23. Assuming find the 95% confidence
interval for the population mean.

MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.
101) Suppose that you want to construct a 95% confidence interval for estimating a population mean. 101) _____
How does the margin of error with a sample size of 100 compare with the margin of error with a
sample size of 2500, if both samples have the same standard deviation?
A) The margin of error for the first interval will be 5 times larger than the margin of error for
the second interval.
B) The margin of error for the first interval will be 25 times larger than the margin of error for
the second interval.
C) The margin of error for the second interval will be 25 times larger than the margin of error
for the first interval.
D) The margin of error for the second interval will be 5 times larger than the margin of error
for the first interval.

SHORT ANSWER. Write the word or phrase that best completes each statement or answers the question.
102) A sociologist wishes to construct a confidence interval for the mean time spent on a 102) ____________
social-networking website each week by students at one college. She selects a random
sample of students of size n = 200. How would the width of a 90% confidence interval
compare with the width of a 99% interval if both intervals are based on this same
sample?

103) Which of the following statements about the t distribution is true? 103) ____________

104) Which of the following statements regarding true? 104) ____________

I. The total area under a t-distribution with 10 degrees of freedom is greater than
the area under the
standard normal curve.
II. The t-distribution with 10 degrees of freedom is flatter and wider than the
standard normal curve.
III. The t-distribution with 10 degrees of freedom more closely resembles the
standard normal curve
than the with 20 degrees of freedom.

105) Suppose that you wish to obtain a confidence interval for a population mean. Under the 105) ____________
conditions described below, should you use the , the , or neither?
∙ The population standard deviation is unknown.
∙ The population is normally distributed.
∙ The sample size is small.

106) Suppose that you wish to obtain a confidence interval for a population mean. Under the 106) ____________
conditions described below, should you use the , the , or neither?
∙ The population standard deviation is unknown.
∙ The data contain outliers.
∙ The sample size is small.

107) In stating a confidence-interval estimate of a population mean, the level of confidence 107) ____________
increases as the size of the interval increases or decreases?

108) In stating a confidence-interval estimate of a population mean, the level of confidence 108) ____________
decreases as the size of the interval increases or decreases?

109) Suppose you have obtained a confidence interval for μ, but wish to obtain a greater 109) ____________
degree of precision. Which of the following would result in a narrower confidence
interval?
I. Increasing the sample size while keeping the confidence level fixed
II. Decreasing the sample size while keeping the confidence level fixed
III. Increasing the confidence level while keeping the sample size fixed
IV. Decreasing the confidence level while keeping the sample size fixed

110) Suppose you have obtained a 95% confidence interval for μ. Which of the following level Assume that
statements is/are true regarding the relationship between precision and confidence ? the sample size
is fixed. 110) ____
I. ____
I ____
ncreasin
g the
confiden
ce level
to 99%
will
result in
a
narrower
interval.
I
I.

Decreasi
ng the
confiden
ce level
to 90%
will
result in
greater
precision
.
I
II.

Decreasi
ng the
precision
will
result in
a higher
confiden
ce level.
I
V.
I
ncreasin
g the
precision
will
result in
a higher
confiden
ce level.

111) In which of the following situations is it reasonable to use the z-interval procedure to nor ibuted.
obtain a confidence interval for the population mean? Assume that the population mall II. n = 10,
standard deviation is known. y the variable
I. n = 10, the data contain no outliers, the variable under consideration is not distr under
consider 111) ____
ation is ____
normally ____
distribut
ed.
III. n =
18, the
data
contain
no
outliers,
the
variable
under
consider
ation is
far from
being
normally
distribut
ed.
IV. n =
18, the
data
contain
outliers,
the
variable
under
consider
ation is
normally
distribut
ed.

MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.
112) A pollster wishes to estimate the true proportion of U.S. voters who oppose capital punishment. 112) _____
How many voters should be surveyed in order to be 95% confident that the true proportion is
estimated to within 2%?
A) 4145
B) 1000
C) 3385
D) 2401
E) not enough information is given

113) A survey of shoppers is planned to determine what percentage use credit cards. Prior surveys 113) _____
suggest 63% of shoppers use credit cards. How many randomly selected shoppers must we
survey in order to estimate the proportion of shoppers who use credit cards to within 4% with
95% confidence?
A) 504 B) 560 C) 1513 D) 967 E) 432

114) A university's administrator proposes to do an analysis of the proportion of graduates who have not found
employ 114) ____
ment in _
their
major
field one
year
after
graduati
on. In
previous
years,
the
percenta
ge
averaged
7%. He
wants
the
margin
of error
to be
within
4% at a
99%
confiden
ce level.
What
sample
size will
suffice?
Use 2.575
as the
critical
value for
a 99%
confiden
ce
interval.
A) 11 B) 189 C) 324 D) 270 E) 156

SHORT ANSWER. Write the word or phrase that best completes each statement or answers the question.
115) A study will estimate the proportion of traffic deaths in Australia last year that were 115) ____________
alcohol related. Determine the sample size for the estimate to be accurate to within 0.06
with probability 0.99. An earlier study estimated that the proportion was about 0.40.

116) An educator wants to estimate the proportion of school children in Boston who are 116) ____________
living with only one parent. The report is to be published, thus they want a reasonably
accurate estimate. However, their funding is limited so they do not want to collect a
larger sample than necessary. They hope to use a sample size such that, with
probability 0.95, the error will not exceed 0.04. What sample size will ensure this,
regardless of what sample proportion value occurs when they gather the sample?
 117) A survey asked 2380 subjects their opinion about the statement, "The smoking of 117) ____________
marijuana should not be a criminal offence." 35% answered in the strongly agree or
agree categories, 44% in the strongly disagree or disagree categories, and the rest were
undecided.

a. Conditional on not being undecided, find the percentage in the (i) strongly agree
or agree categories, (ii) strongly disagree or disagree categories.
b. Using (a) and the relevant sample size, determine whether you have sufficient
evidence to conclude that, in the population, one of these two conditional percentages
is higher than the other. Explain your reasoning, including assumptions.

MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.
Find the sample size
118) A population is normal with a variance of 36. Suppose you wish to estimate the population 118) _____
mean μ. Find the sample size needed to assure with 68% confidence that the sample mean will
not differ from the population mean by more than 4 units.
A) 27 B) 3 C) 81 D) 9 E) 2

119) Scores on a certain test are normally distributed with a variance of 14. A researcher wishes to 119) _____
estimate the mean score achieved by all adults on the test. Find the sample size needed to assure
with 98% confidence that the sample mean will not differ from the population mean by more
than 2 units.
A) 11 B) 267 C) 39 D) 20 E) 400

120) Weights of women in one age group are normally distributed with a standard deviation σ of 20 120) _____
lb. A researcher wishes to estimate the mean weight of all women in this age group. Find how
large a sample must be drawn in order to be 90% confident that the sample mean will not differ
from the population mean by more than 3.5 lb.
A) 126 B) 98 C) 44 D) 86 E) 89

121) Scores on a certain test are normally distributed with a variance of 20. A researcher wishes to 121) _____
estimate the mean score achieved by all adults on the test. Find the sample size necessary to
assure with 95% confidence that the sample mean will not differ from the population mean by
more than 2 units.
A) 10 B) 9 C) 400 D) 40 E) 20

122) The weekly earnings of students in one age group are normally distributed with a standard 122) _____
deviation of 81 dollars. A researcher wishes to estimate the mean weekly earnings of students in
this age group. Find the sample size needed to assure with 98% confidence that the sample mean
will not differ from the population mean by more than 5 dollars.
A) 10 B) 88 C) 1425 D) 18 E) 700

123) The drying times for a certain type of cement are normally distributed with a standard deviation 123) _____
of 73 minutes. A researcher wishes to estimate the mean drying time for this type of cement.
Find the sample size needed to assure with 68% confidence that the sample mean will not differ
from the population mean by more than 4 minutes.
A) 5 B) 178 C) 19 D) 3 E) 330

124) The monthly credit card debts for individual accounts are normally distributed with a standard 124) _____
deviation of 61 dollars. A researcher wishes to estimate the mean monthly credit card debt for all
individual accounts. Find the sample size needed to assure with 95% confidence that the sample
mean will not differ from the population mean by more than 2 units.
 A) 1560 B) 61 C) 3574 D) 16 E) 122

125) You wish to estimate the mean weight of machine components of a certain type and you require 125) _____
a 92% degree of confidence that the sample mean will be in error by no more than Find
the sample size required. A pilot study showed that the population standard deviation is
estimated to be
A) 87 B) 112 C) 14 D) 11 E) 173

SHORT ANSWER. Write the word or phrase that best completes each statement or answers the question.
Provide an appropriate response.
126) A study is conducted of the distance that employees at a large company live from the 126) ____________
company to find out whether people tend to have longer commutes than in the past.
For a random sample of 36 employees, the mean distance is 5.3 miles and the standard
deviation is 4.0.

a. Find the margin of error for a 95% confidence interval for the mean distance
from the factory of all employees.
b. How large a sample would have been adequate if we merely needed a margin of
error of 2.0?

127) To aid the establishment of personnel requirements, the director of a hospital needs to 127) ____________
estimate the mean number of people who are admitted to the emergency room during a
24-hour period. From a previous study, the standard deviation was found to be 5
admissions. If the director wishes to estimate the mean number of admissions per
24-hour period to within 1 admission with 99% confidence, what sample size should she
choose?

MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.
Solve the problem.
128) Of 14 randomly selected college students, 13 said that they are on a social-networking website. 128) _____
Construct a 95% small-sample confidence interval for the proportion of all students at the college
who are on the social-networking website.
A) (0.68, 0.98) B) (0.53, 1.00) C) (0.79, 1.06) D) (0.66, 1.00)

Select the most appropriate answer.

129) The large sample confidence interval formula for estimating p should only be used when 129) _____
A)
n ≥ 15 or n(1 - ) ≥ 15
B)
n ≥ 15
C)
n ≥ 15 and n(1 - ) ≥ 15
D) n ≥ 30
E)
n(1 - ) ≥ 15

130) What factor or factors affect the choice of the sample size when estimating μ or p? 130) _____
A) financial cost
B) variability in the data
C) all of these
D) desired precision
E) confidence level

131) When determining the sample size for estimating a population proportion for a given level of confi dence
and a 131) ____
desired _
margin
of error,
the
closer to
0.50 that
p is
estimate
d to be
A) the larger the sample size required.
B) has no effect on the sample size required.
C) the smaller the sample size required.
D) has an undeterminable effect on the sample size required.
E) the farther from 0.50 that 1 - p is estimated to be.

SHORT ANSWER. Write the word or phrase that best completes each statement or answers the question.
Provide an appropriate response.
132) A beverage company wants to determine the standard deviation of the volumes of juice 132) ____________
in its 500-ml juice bottles. For 10 randomly selected 500-ml juice bottles, the volumes (in
ml) were

Explain how you could use the bootstrap method to obtain a 95% confidence interval for
a "long-run" standard deviation of the volumes.

133) Explain how you could use the bootstrap method to obtain a 99% confidence interval for 133) ____________
the population proportion of students at a college who smoke regularly. In a random
sample of 100 students from the college, it was found that 25 smoke regularly.

MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.
Select the most appropriate answer.
134) Which of the following are true statements about the bootstrap method? 134) _____
A) Both of these
B) It is a simulation method used for constructing confidence intervals
C) Neither of these
D) It requires that the data be normally distributed

135) When sampling using the bootstrap method 135) _____

A) you sample with replacement from the sample data
B) both of these
C) the data distribution is treated as if it were the population distribution
D) neither of these

SHORT ANSWER. Write the word or phrase that best completes each statement or answers the question.
Provide an appropriate response.
136) When it is difficult to derive a standard error or confidence interval formula by using 136) ____________
mathematical techniques, the method is used.

137) Briefly explain how to obtain a 95% confidence interval for the population mean using a 137) ____________
random sample of size n.
 1) D
2) D
3) A
4) A
5) C
6) E
7) A
8) D
9) B
10) B
11) A
12) E
13) A
14) A
15) B
16) A
17) E
18) A
19) A
20) B
21) E
22) B
23) D
24) D
25) It doesn't tell us how close the estimate is likely to be to the parameter.
26) 1) unbiased and 2) small standard deviation.
27) a. An estimator is unbiased if its sampling distribution is centered at the parameter being estimated; b. An estimator
has a smaller standard deviation compared to other estimators if it tends to fall closer to the parameter than other
estimators.
28) An interval estimate is more informative than a point estimate, because it indicates how accurate the point estimate
is likely to be.
29) A
30) It means that with probability 0.95, the error in using the point estimate to predict the population parameter is no
greater than 0.04.
31) A
32) E
33) D
34) E
35) E
36) C
37) E
38) A
39) A
40) E
41) C
42) A
43) A
44) A
45) C
46) C
47) D
48) B
49) A
50) The 95% CI for p is (0.527, 0.623). None of the numbers in the confidence interval fall at or below 0.50. So we infer
that more than half the population would use the new civic auditorium at least twice a year and advise the mayor
not to veto the city council's decision.
51) A 95% CI for p is (-0.01, 0.31) or (0, 0.31). None of the numbers in the confidence interval fall at or above 0.50;
therefore, one can conclude that fewer than half the people who received the credit card never used it.
52) A 95% CI for the true proportion of Americans that feel this way is (0.38, 0.44). None of the numbers in the
confidence interval fall at or above 0.50; therefore, one can conclude that fewer than half of all Americans feel this
way.
53) a. A 95% CI for p is (0.896, 0.0944). Yes, since none of the values in the CI are at or below 0.50, one can conclude
that a majority of all Canadians would answer this way; b. Both and
are at least 15, so the CI is valid.
54) B
55) C
56) D
57) E
58) A
59) A
60) B
61) E
62) A
63) D
64) a. 0.0095, 0.0145, 0.0158, 0.0145, 0.0095; b. The confidence interval for a proportion near 0.50 is wider than one close
to 0 or 1 for the same sample size because the standard error is larger.
65) The error in using the estimated proportion to predict the true proportion is very likely to be at most 4%.
66) 68.1 beats per minute
67) 4.09 liters
68) $709
69) 13.0 minutes
70) 1.2 inches
71) 2.7
72) 1.25 inches
73) $0.06
74) 0.55 grams of fat
75) 1.45 unpopped kernels
76) We are 95% confident that the interval from $42,838 to $49,691 contains the true mean salary of all Virginia nurses.
77) Based on this sample, we can say, with 90% confidence, that the mean age at which children say their first word is
between 10.4 and 13.8 months.
78) We are 95% confident that the mean weight loss produced by the supplement in weight loss center clients is
between 37 and 55 pounds.
79) We are 99% confident that the average number of unpopped kernels in a bag of this popcorn brand is between 11
and 25 kernels.
80) The researcher can be 90% confident that the mean cholesterol level for people in his city is between 207 and 231.
81) No, this means that there is a 5% chance that the estimation method produces a confidence interval that misses the
population mean. The population mean then does not fall in the interval, and the inference is incorrect.
82) a. The standard error = s/ = 0.87 = 0.025; b. For the females, n is larger and s is smaller.
83) A 95% CI for μ is (3.64, 3.82). We are 95% confident the true average GPA for students enrolled at this university is
in (3.64, 3.82).
84) a. SE Mean = s/ = 17.7/ = 4.570; b. df = n - 1 = 15 - 1 =14, t-score = 2.145; c. Yes, since all of the values in the
CI are positive. d. For this CI with n = 15 to be valid, we must assume that the probability distribution of the
chan heart rate is normal. As long as the data don't contain any extreme outliers, the CI using the t-distribution is a
ge in robust method in terms of the normality assumption.
85)
a. The ordinary large-sample confidence interval formula is not valid, because b. A small-sample 95% CI
for p is (0.0006, 0.0044). We are 95% confident that the population proportion with no formal education is in
(0.0006, 0.0044).
86) 2.132
87) 2.131
88) 2.797
89) 2.045
90) 2.704
91) 1.729
92) (75.86, 88.14)
93) (67.7, 84.7)
94) ($453.56, $874.72)
95) (238.6, 253.4)
96) (24.7, 27.3)
97) (1.03, 1.57)
98) (2.7875, 3.6125)
99) (66.954, 69.046)
100) 18.9 to 25.7 minutes
101) A
102) The 90% confidence interval would be narrower.
103) It assumes the population is normally distributed.
104) II only
105) t-interval
106) neither
107) increases
108) decreases
109) both I and IV
110) both II and III
111) II only
112) D
113) B
114) D
115) 443
116) 601
117) a. (i) 0.44, (ii) 0.56; b. A 95% CI for the proportion who strongly agree or agree conditional on not being undecided is
(0.42, 0.46). Since none of the numbers in the CI are at or above 0.50, there is sufficient evidence to conclude that,
in the population, the proportion that strongly disagree or disagree is higher than the proportion that strongly
agree or agree. This CI is valid assuming the data were obtained by randomization since both n and are
at least 15.
118) B
119) D
120) E
121) E
122) C
123) E
124) C
125) E
126) a. 1.353; b. 17
127) 166
128) D
129) C
130) C
131) A
132) Treat the 10 sample data values as the population. Randomly sample with replacement from the 10 values, taking
10 observations and find the sample standard deviation. Repeat this process many times - for example 10,000 times
to obtain 10,000 values of the sample standard deviation. The 95% confidence interval for the population standard
deviation would be the middle 95% of the 10,000 sample standard deviation values. In other words, the lower limit
of the confidence interval would be the 2.5th percentile of the values and the upper limit would be the 97.5th
percentile.
133) Treat the sample proportion as the population proportion. Using software, simulate taking a random sample of size
100 from a population with a proportion of "successes" of 0.25. Find the proportion of "successes" (smokers) in
this sample. Repeat the process many times - for example take 1000 resamples each of size 100 and obtain the 1000
corresponding sample proportions. The 99% confidence interval for the population proportion would be the
middle 99% of the 1000 sample proportions. In other words, the lower limit of the confidence interval would be the
0.5th percentile of the values and the upper limit would be the 99.5th percentile.
134) B
135) B
136) bootstrap
137) From the original sample of size n, randomly resample another set of n observations, with replacement. Calculate
the mean of this sample. Repeat this a very large number of times (e.g., 10,000). The confidence bounds are given
by the 2.5th percentile and the 97.5th percentile of these estimates.