1 MW Solar Panel Project Report - Credit To Writer Mentioned

Ref: SAM code IN-12-0324 & IN-13-0521
SunEdison’s 9.5 MW power plant at Sar SunEdison’s 8 MW power plant First Canal Top Solar Power Plant
at Colorado, US at Narmada Canal, Gujarat – 1 MW
DETAILED PROJECT REPORT
30 MW DC Grid connected Solar PV Projects
Submitted to :L & T Infra
May, 2015
Ref: IN-14-0347– Bheem Power
Table of Contents
1. INTRODUCTION .............................................................................................................. 7
1.1 METEOROLOGICAL DATA ..................................................................................................... 8
1.2 PROJECT SITE .................................................................................................................. 10
1.3 TYPE OF PLANT ................................................................................................................ 12
1.4 PROJECT COMPLETION SCHEDULE .................................................................................... 13
1.5 OPERATION & MAINTENANCE (O&M) ................................................................................. 13
2. PROJECT NECESSITY AND JUSTIFICATION ............................................................. 15
2.1 INDIA’S POWER SCENARIO ................................................................................................ 15
2.2 INDIA’S SOLAR MISSION .................................................................................................... 16
2.3 POLICY AND REGULATORY FRAMEWORK ............................................................................ 17
2.4 STATE SPECIFIC INITIATIVE................................................................................................ 18
2.5 JUSTIFICATION FOR THE PROJECT ..................................................................................... 20
3. LAND AVAILABILITY AND SITE SELECTION .............................................................. 22
4. ASSESSMENT OF SOLAR TECHNOLOGIES............................................................... 24
4.1 KEY TECHNOLOGY PROVIDERS.......................................................................................... 26
4.2 ADHERENCE TO TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION ....................................................................... 27
5. SYSTEM DESIGN .......................................................................................................... 28
5.1 OUR DESIGN PHILOSOPHY ................................................................................................ 29
6. PROPOSED SYSTEM COMPONENTS.......................................................................... 31
6.1 PV MODULES ................................................................................................................... 31
6.2 MODULE MOUNTING STRUCTURE ...................................................................................... 34
6.2.1 Fixed Tilt System ............................................................................................................ 34
6.2.2 SAT (Single Axis Solar Trackers) .................................................................................... 35
6.2.2.1 Benefits of using Single Axis Tracker ....................................................................... 42
2 CONFIDENTIAL & PROPRIETARY – COMPETITIVELY SENSITIVE

6.2.3 Dual Axis Solar Trackers................................................................................................. 45
6.3 POWER CONDITIONING UNIT / INVERTER ............................................................................ 45
6.4 JUNCTION BOX / COMBINER BOX ....................................................................................... 48
6.5 MONITORING SYSTEM ....................................................................................................... 48
6.5.1 SEEDSTM Gateway – Features ....................................................................................... 50
6.5.2 Web Based Monitoring .................................................................................................... 50
6.5.3 Weather Station .............................................................................................................. 52
6.6 POWER EVACUATION INFRASTRUCTURE............................................................................. 53
6.6.1 Evacuation Power Line ................................................................................................... 53
6.6.2 Plant Feeder at Grid Substation ...................................................................................... 54
6.6.3 Switchyard ...................................................................................................................... 54
6.6.4 LT Power Interfacing Panel ............................................................................................. 54
6.6.5 Transformers .................................................................................................................. 55
6.6.6 Switchgear ...................................................................................................................... 58
6.7 CABLES AND CONNECTORS ............................................................................................... 63
6.7.1 33kV HT Cables .............................................................................................................. 63
6.7.2 LT Cables ....................................................................................................................... 63
6.7.3 Control Cables ................................................................................................................ 64
6.8 ILLUMINATION SYSTEM AT SITE .......................................................................................... 65
6.9 PLANT COMMUNICATION ................................................................................................... 65
6.10 TELEPHONE SYSTEM ........................................................................................................ 65
7. CIVIL WORKS ................................................................................................................ 66
7.1 GEO TECHNICAL INVESTIGATIONS ...................................................................................... 66
7.2 SITE LEVELLING W ORK ..................................................................................................... 66
7.3 ROAD............................................................................................................................... 66
7.4 DRAINAGE W ORK ............................................................................................................. 66

7.5 FOUNDATION W ORK ......................................................................................................... 67
7.6 CIVIL W ORK IN SWITCHYARD ............................................................................................. 67
8. YIELD AT SITE .............................................................................................................. 68
8.1 Losses Considered for Yield Calculation ......................................................................... 68
8.1.1 Shading Losses .............................................................................................................. 69
8.1.2 Incident Angle Losses ..................................................................................................... 69
8.1.3 Low Irradiance Loss ........................................................................................................ 70
8.1.4 Module Temperature....................................................................................................... 70
8.1.5 Module Quality ................................................................................................................ 70
8.1.6 Module Mismatch ............................................................................................................ 70
8.1.7 DC Cable Resistance...................................................................................................... 71
8.1.8 Inverter Performance ...................................................................................................... 71
8.1.9 AC Losses ...................................................................................................................... 71
8.1.10 Downtime ........................................................................................................................ 71
8.1.11 Soiling ............................................................................................................................. 71
8.1.12 Degradation .................................................................................................................... 72
9. OPERATION & MAINTENANCE .................................................................................... 74
9.1 FIELD SERVICE ................................................................................................................. 74
9.1.1 Technical Services .......................................................................................................... 75
9.1.2 Manpower Service .......................................................................................................... 76
9.2 REMOTE MONITORING SERVICES ....................................................................................... 77
9.2.1 SEEDS Platform ............................................................................................................. 79
9.2.2 Client Connect Application .............................................................................................. 80
9.3 ASSET MANAGEMENT SERVICES........................................................................................ 80
9.3.1 State Utility Compliance .................................................................................................. 80
9.3.2 Reporting Services.......................................................................................................... 82

9.3.3 Warranty Claims and Spares Management ..................................................................... 82
9.4 CONCLUSION .................................................................................................................... 83
List of Figures
Figure 1: Average Annual Insolation (kWh/m2 /day) in Karnataka .............................................. 8

Figure 2: Electrical power generation from wasteland ................................................................ 9
Figure 4: Location of Bheem Project Site ..................................................................................10
Figure 5: Google Earth image of Palavalli Village, Pavagada ....................................................11
Figure 6: Photographs of Project site ........................................................................................22
Figure 7: Current Voltage Curve of Solar Cell ...........................................................................33
Figure 8: Fixed Mount Solar Systems .......................................................................................35
Figure 9: Layout of a Sample SAT ............................................................................................37
Figure 10: Single Axis Trackers ................................................................................................38
Figure 11: AP90 Single Axis Tracker Components ....................................................................40
Figure 12: Solar Radiation Data from NREL Handbook.............................................................42
Figure 13: MW PV System Performance in Abu Dhabi..............................................................42
Figure 14: Shading Analysis with Single Axis and Dual Axis Tracking.......................................43
Figure 15: Aerial View of our AP90 Tracker site at Tirunelveli, Tamilnadu.................................44
Figure 16 : Dual Axis Solar Trackers .........................................................................................45
Figure 17: TMEIC Inverter .........................................................................................................47
Figure 18: Top Panel View of the SEEDS Gateway ..................................................................49
Figure 19: Back Panel View of the SEEDS Gateway ................................................................50
Figure 20: Client Connect Online Monitoring .............................................................................51
Figure 21 : Weather Station ......................................................................................................52

Annexures
Annexure I ……………………………… Project Schedule

Annexure II ……………………………… Project Site Details
Annexure III ……………………………… General Site Layout & SLDs
Annexure IV ……………………………… Module Data Sheet
Annexure V ……………………………… Tracker Data Sheet
Annexure VI ……………………………… Foundation Details – tracker system
Annexure VII ……………………………… Fixing System Details - Tracker
Annexure VIII ……………………………… Inverter Data Sheet
Annexure IX ……………………………… Technical Specification of Switchboard
Annexure X ……………………………… Technical Specification of Combiner Box
Annexure XI ……………………………… SEEDS Data Sheet
Annexure XII ……………………………… Technical Specification of Inverter Transformer
Annexure XIII ……………………………… Technical Specification of MC 4 & Connectors
Annexure XIV ……………………………… Technical Specification of Cables
Annexure XV ……………………………… Architectural Plan of Inverter room & Control Room
Annexure XVI ……………………………… Yield at Site
Annexure XVII ……………………………… Module Cleaning Requirements

1. INTRODUCTION
SunEdison is the world’s largest renewable energy development company and is transforming
the way energy is generated, distributed, and owned around the globe. The company
manufactures solar technology and develops finances, installs, owns and operates wind and
solar power plants, delivering predictably priced electricity to its residential, commercial,
government and utility customers. SunEdison is one of the world’s largest renewable energy
asset managers and provides asset management, operations and maintenance, monitoring and
reporting services for its renewable energy customers around the world via the Company’s
Renewable Operation Center (ROC). SunEdison has offices in North America, Europe, Latin
America, Africa, India and Asia. SunEdison's common stock is listed on the New York Stock
Exchange under the symbol "SUNE."
Please visit www.sunedison.com to know more about the company.
Note: The Company name SunEdison in all descriptions throughout document refers to the
SunEdison Inc and its affiliates.
M/S. Bheem Power Pvt. Limited (A Special Purpose Vehicle of M/s. SEEHPL - Sun Edison
Energy Holding (Singapore) Pte. ltd.), a company incorporated under the provisions of the
Companies Act, 2013 and having its registered office at Menon Eternity, 1Oth Floor, New #165,
Old #11 0, St. Mary's Road, Alwarpet, Chennai - 600 018 participated in the KREDL (Karnataka
Renewable Development Energy Ltd.) 500 MW tender for the solar needs of Karnataka and was
declared as one of the selected bidders for a 30 MW capacity of solar photovoltaic (PV) plant.
(Letter of Award – KREDL/07/GC/500MW-LOA/SEEHPL/2014-15/4535 dated 19th November.).
The project was bid in the name of the Parent Company M/s. SEEHPL and the PPA (Power
Purchase Agreement) signed with M/s. Bheem Power Private. Limited. on 18th December, 2014.
Since the Request for Proposal had a provision of changing the project bidding location after
signing the PPA, considering the estimated yield and corresponding project Economics, M/s.
Bheem identified roughly 200 acres of private land in Palavalli village, Pavagada Tehsil, Tumkur
District, Karnataka.

1.1 Meteorological Data

Meteorological data pertaining to the atmosphere such as wind, temperature, air density and
other phenomena are as below:
• Average Temperature: 23°C
• Wind speed: Wind speed at 5 km/h
• Humidity: 4%
Almost all districts of the Karnataka state receive average insolation of 5.5 to 6.5 kWh/m2/day
annually. Figure 1 depicts the annual global insolation details of the state.
2
Figure 1: Average Annual Insolation (kWh/m /day) in Karnataka
The irradiation data of the site is as follows:

Refer Figure 2 for the month wise electric energy that could be generated using 2% of waste
land area (260.61 km2 or 25.1% of the barren lands) and the average demand. The estimate
shows that the electricity generated would be at least 1.9 times higher than the present
demand.
Figure 2: Electrical power generation from wasteland
• Weather: Winter months are between October and March and can be as low as 16 C.
March to May are recorded as summer months when the temperature can vary between
31 C to 40 C. The average rainfall for this area has been 30 inches between the
months of June and September.
The soil type of the land identified is red in nature and almost level land, suitable for Single Axis
tracker installation.
There are a few bushes at the site which will require clearing before construction. There is a
seasonal river at the West periphery outside the site. The Bureau of Economics and Statistics’
Rain report of Karnataka reveals that there has been less than 50 cms of rain water collection
during the last 20 years. Therefore there is no risk of flooding.

1.2 Project Site
The project is located in Uparhalli village, Pavagada Tehsil, Tumkur district, Karnataka, India.
The site lies around the coordinates 14° 10' 55.41" N, 77° 20' 37.45" E. Pavagada is a
panchayat town which is 150km from state capital of Bengaluru and is connected to the
Chitraguda district of Karnataka. The location map of the proposed site for the project is given
below:
Pavagada
Figure 3: Location of Bheem Project Site

Figure 4: Google Earth image of Uparhalli Village, Pavagada
Uparhalli is a Village in Pavagada Taluk in Tumkur District of Karnataka State, India. It belongs
to Bangalore Division . It is located 112 KM towards North from District head quarters Tumakur,.
14.8 KM from Pavagada Gramantara and 179 KM from State capital Bangalore.
Bommathanahalli ( 14.1 KM ), Pavagada Gramantara ( 14.8 KM ), Ponnasamudra ( 22 KM ),
Nagalamadike ( 3.5 KM ), Kamanadurga ( 22.3KM ) are the nearby Villages to Uparhalli.
Palavalli is surrounded by Roddam Taluk towards East, Kambadur Taluk towards North,
Madakasira Taluk towards South, Ramagiri Taluk towards East.
Pavagada , Hindupur , Kalyandurg , Dharmavaram are the nearby Cities to Uparhalli. This Place
is in the border of the Tumkur District and Anantapur District. Anantapur District Roddam is East
towards this place . It is near to the Andhra Pradesh State Border.
The Karnataka State Road Transport Corporation Limited (KSRTC) has a divisional office in
Tumkur, which connects the whole district with other major cities like Bengaluru. Two major
highways NH 4 and NH 206 connect to the city of Bengaluru. Pavagada is the nearest town
which is around 14.8 kms away from this project site. Pavagada is the nearby by town to
Uparhalli having road connectivity to Uparhalli.

Pennukonda Railway Station, about 35 km away is the nearest railway head reachable from
near by towns. Bellary Jn Railway Station is major railway station 137 kms near to Uparhalli.
The site is located around 190 kms from the Bengaluru Airport. Other airports include Mysore
airport (284kms), Salem airport (350 kms) and Mangalore airport (450 kms).
Mangalore sea port is the nearest waterway connection to Tumkur District and is situated at a
distance of 443 kms.
• Soil type: Reddish grey fine sand with weathered rock; Red soils have good drainage
• Nearby major water source: Pavagada has the following ground water resource as per
the Information Booklet released by the Government of India Ministry of Water
Resources Central Ground Water Board.
EXISTING GROSS NET GROUND

GROUND WATER ALLOCATION FOR WATER BALANCE GROUND
EXISTING GROSS DRAFT FOR EXISTING GROSS DOMESTIC AND AVAILABILITY FOR WATER
NET ANNUAL GROUND WATER DOMESTIC AND GROUND WATER INDUSTRIAL USE FUTURE AVERAGE CROP IRRIGATION
GROUND WATER DRAFT FOR INDUSTRIAL DRAFT FOR ALL FOR NEXT 25 IRRIGATION WATER POTENTIAL
AVAILABILITY IRRIGATION WATER SUPPLY USES YEARS DEVELOPMENT REQUIREMENT AVAILABLE
(Hectare Meters) (Hectare Meters) (Hectare Meters) (Hectare Meters) (Hectare Meters) (Hectare Meters) (Meters) (Hectare Meters)
8736.09 7406.27 470.98 7877.25 669.07 1172.82 0.82 1432.11
There are two major canals in Tumkur district namely the Tumkur Branch Canal which is 240
kms long with an authorized capacity of 1420 cusecs and Nagamangala Branch Canal which is
78.50 kms long with an authorized capacity of 890 cusecs.
1.3 Type of Plant
The proposed plant will be a ground mount type Solar PV Plant of size 30 MW DC. The solar
PV plant to be configured with each string designed to have 21 modules of 310Wp and would
be connected in series totaling upto 4620 strings and 97020 modules. Single axis tracking
structures are planned for module mounting. Totally 40 units of 750 kW inverters would be used
in the system.

String monitoring unit with DC dis-connector and over current protection device would be used
for the safe and reliable operation of the plant. The outputs of the strings are taken to the
inverter via combiner boxes. Outputs from 2 Inverters are fed to single 380V/33KV, 1.65 MVA
transformers, and there are 20numbers of such transformers.
1.4 Project Completion Schedule
The project is planned to be implemented at the earliest. The most essential aspect regarding
the implementation of this project is to ensure that the project is completed within the schedule,
spanning an overall project completion period including construction period, procurement, civil
work, installation and commissioning within 18 months from the date of signing of PPA.
Please refer the Project Schedule for the project as below:
Key Milestones Q4, 2014 Q1, 2015 Q2, 2015 Q3, 2015 Q4, 2015
PPA Signing
Design & Procurement
Financing
Pre-Construction Permits
Construction Permitting
Construction Start
Interconnect
COD
Please refer Annexure I for a detailed project schedule.
1.5 Operation & Maintenance (O&M)
SunEdison Operation and Maintenance service supervises each and every one of the electrical
and mechanical components of the system. We have a global network of highly-specialized
technical staff, which includes its own teams as well as local partners certified by SunEdison
that fulfill the company’s extremely demanding quality and service criteria. Our highly
professional local partners are certified through SunEdison’s training programmes and quality
control systems.

SunEdison’s Renewable Operation Centers “ROCs” continuously monitor all of the plants.
When an anomaly is detected in the production, a check is run, the problem is given priority,
and a local team goes to the installation to repair any functional faults. In many cases, we can
fix issues remotely but when a repair is required, we will fix it fast and maximize the system's
uptime.
Preventative maintenance helps to get more energy from the system and ensures its smooth
long-term operation. Routine cleaning can increase energy production by up to 30%. Vegetation
control is required to ensure that no production losses occur due to shade and for the long-term
health of the system - permanent damage can occur to the system if vegetative growth is left
unchecked.

2. PROJECT NECESSITY AND JUSTIFICATION
In India, power generation during the last few decades has been dominated by the use of
conventional sources of fuel. With a view to promote sustainable development by gradual
shifting of reliance on fossil fuel based energy as also to secure long-term energy security for
the country, there has been increase in importance for supply of energy from Renewable
Energy (RE) application while meeting the growing energy need of the country. RE which has
the potential to address the climatic change concerns as well as India's energy security issues.
This has become an important component in India’s overall energy planning process. RE's
share in the total installed power generation capacity in the country has increased from 2% in
2002 to about 12.25% as on January 31, 2015 at around 31,700 MW comprising the following
approximate combination:
Wind (21,000 MW), small hydro (3,800 MW), biomass & cogeneration- bagasse (4,100 MW),
waste energy (100 + MW) and solar power (2,700 MW).
2.1 India’s Power Scenario
The Electricity sector in India had an installed capacity of 258.701 GW as of end January 2015
and generated around 703.1 BU for the period April - November 2014.India became the world's
third largest producer of electricity in the year 2013 with 4.8% global share in electricity
generation surpassing Japan and Russia. Renewable Power plants constituted 28.43% of total
installed capacity and Non-Renewable Power Plants constituted the remaining 71.57%. India
generated around 967 TWh (967,150.32 GWh) of electricity (excluding electricity generated
from renewable and captive power plants) during the 2013–14 fiscal. The total annual
generation of electricity from all types of sources was 1102.9 TeraWatt-hours (TWh) in 2013.
In a May 2014 report, India's Central Electricity Authority anticipated a base load energy deficit
and peaking shortage to be 5.1% and 2% respectively for the fiscal year 2014–15. India also
expects all regions to face energy shortage up to a maximum of 17.4% in North Eastern region.

All India (Anticipated) Power Supply Position in FY2014-15

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electricity_sector_in_India - cite_note-
ceaLGBRReport2014_2015-25
Region Energy Peak Power
Requirement Availability Surplus(+)/ Demand Supply Surplus(+)/

(MU) (MU) Deficit(-) (MW) (MW) Deficit(-)
Northern 328,944 318,837 -3.1% 47,570 46,899 -1.4%
Western 288,062 289,029 +0.3% 45,980 52,652 +14.5%
Southern 298,180 260,366 -12.7% 41,677 32,423 -22.2%
Eastern 118,663 114,677 -3.4% 17,608 17,782 +1.0%
North- 14,823 12,248 -17.4% 2,543 2,215 -12.9%

Eastern
All India 1,048,672 995,157 -5.1% 147,815 144,788 -2.0%
2.2 India’s Solar Mission
The Government has been actively supporting renewable power generation through an
attractive mix of fiscal & financial initiatives, which include preferential tariff for green power,
imposing Renewable Purchase Obligations (RPOs) on the distribution licensees, Renewable
Energy Certificate (REC) mechanism, etc. GoI has mandated Ministry of New & Renewable
Energy (MNRE) as nodal ministry for all matters relating to RE.

Solar Power Scenario in India
Amongst various renewable energy resources, India possesses a very large solar energy
resource. Most parts of the country are blessed with good sunshine with about 300 clear sunny
days in a year. The average solar radiation incident over India varies from 4– 7 kWh/day. Total
solar radiation received over the land area in India is estimated to be about 5,000 trillion
kWh/year. Solar energy is beneficial as it is environmentally friendly having zero emissions,
does not require much maintenance; generation can be decentralized and is the most secure
source in all renewable fuel sources as it is abundantly available.
Considering the high potential of solar power generation and to establish India as a global
leader in solar power sector, MNRE launched Jawaharlal Nehru National Solar Mission
(JNNSM) in November 2009. The Mission has set the ambitious target of deploying 20,000 MW
of grid connected solar power by 2022 is aimed at reducing the cost of solar power generation
in the country through (i) long term policy; (ii) large scale deployment goals; (iii) aggressive
R&D; and (iv) domestic production of critical raw materials, components and products, as a
result to achieve grid tariff parity by 2022. Mission will create an enabling policy framework to
achieve this objective and make India a global leader in solar energy.
Some of the States in the country who have either formulated or planning to formulate solar
power policy include Gujarat, Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, Odisha and Maharashtra. States
which have issued Renewable Purchase Obligations (RPO) include Gujarat, Maharashtra, Tamil
Nadu, Uttaranchal, Uttar Pradesh, Jharkhand, Odessa, Manipur, Mizoram, etc.
2.3 Policy and Regulatory Framework
The Electricity Act 2003 stimulated the development of RE based power generation by
mandating State Electricity Regulatory Commissions (SERC) with the function of RE promotion
within the State. The SERC executes this mandate by providing suitable measures for
connectivity with the grid, and also purchases electricity from such sources as a percentage of
the total consumption of electricity in the area of a distribution licensee. This target is termed as
Renewable Purchase Obligation (RPO). On January 14, 2010, CERC issued Renewable
Energy Certificate (REC) regulations. The aim of RECs is to address the mismatch between

availability of renewable energy resources and demand for power from RE sources to meet
RPO. The REC Regulations envision the designation of a central agency for registration of
eligible entities, issuance of certificates, maintaining and settling accounts in respect of
certificates, and other functions in respect of renewable energy certificates (RECs). Solar
certificates and non-solar certificates will be sold to entities with RPOs and will be traded on a
power exchange, subject to a floor price and a forbearance (or ceiling) price set by the CERC.
Therefore, a renewable energy generator will have the option to sell the renewable energy at
the preferential tariff fixed by the relevant electricity regulatory commission or sell the electricity
generation at a price equal to the equivalent weighted average power purchase cost of the
distribution company and sell the RECs separately. Distribution licensees, open access
consumer and captive user above 1 MW are to fulfil the RPO targets either through the
purchase of renewable energy or through the purchase of Renewable Energy Certificates
(RECs). In the event of non-fulfilment of RPOs, Regulator may impose penalty at the rate of
forbearance price of RECs.
Hence a RE generator has the option to choose between two revenue models: (i) sign a Power
Purchase Agreement (PPA) with the state and receive a preferential tariff or (ii) sell the
renewable energy to the state at the state's weighted average power purchase cost (WAPPC)
and receive upside by trading RECs on the exchange. The generator can also sell power to any
other licensee or open access user at a mutually agreed price or on a merchant basis.
2.4 State Specific Initiative
The GOK (Government of Karnataka) issued its first solar energy policy in 2011 for a control
period of five years (2011-16) to harness the solar energy potential in the state. Several
measures were initiated at the state level including preferential tariff framework for solar power,
solar renewable purchase obligation (RPO) targets, tendering process for 200 MW solar PV
plants and pilot rooftop PV program for select cities. However, the installed solar power capacity
in the state was 24 MW as of October 2013. Accordingly, GOK, under Clause II of the existing
solar energy policy, decided to revise its existing solar policy based on the technological
development in the field of utility scale solar projects and also tap the solar rooftop potential in
the state.

The Key objectives of this Solar Policy are to:
• Add solar generation of minimum 2000 MW by 2021 in a phased manner by creating a

favorable industrial atmosphere.
• Translate Karnataka in to an investor friendly state.
• Encourage public private participation in the sector.
• Promote Solar Roof Top Generation and Technologies.
• Encourage decentralized gene1-ation & distribution of energy where access to grid is
difficult.
• Promote R&D and innovations, skill development in the sector.
All solar power projects (solar PV and solar thermal) established in the state of Karnataka shall
be eligible for benefits under the policy.
• Grid connect, utility scale project: For the development of solar power projects under this
policy any Individual / Firm / Society / Institution / Registered Company including Public
utilities shall be eligible to apply.
• Grid connect, rooftop projects: All individuals' residential
/commercial/Institutional/Government building owners, Industrial units are eligible to set
up solar power plant within the prescribed capacity limit. In addition interested
Firms/Registered Companies including public utilities shall be eligible to set up roof-top
projects on third party roofs.
• Off Grid projects: Any individual shall be eligible to set up off Grid projects.
The Electricity Act 2003 mandates Karnataka Electricity Regulatory Commission to decide tariffs
for renewable energy & to issue regulations regarding percentage of renewable purchase
obligation to ESCOMs and decide charges with respect to wheeling, banking, cross subsidy
charges. Conditions for getting accreditation to avail Renewable Energy Certificates shall be
governed by CERC and KERC regulations.
Orders / regulations or any other dispensation issued by the State Commission from time to
time shall be applicable to the provisions of this policy including the Acts passed by GOI
(Government of India). In case of any discrepancy between the provisions of this policy, orders/

regulations issued by KERC (Karnataka Electricity Regulatory Commission) will take

precedence.
2.5 Justification for the Project
Solar energy offers clean, environment-friendly, abundant and inexhaustible energy resource to
mankind. Among the various renewable sources, solar energy potential is the highest in the
country. Karnataka is blessed with nearly 240 to 300 sunny days with good solar radiation
between 5.4 - 6.2 kWh/m2 /day. A recent study assessed the solar energy potential in
Karnataka at 20 GW. However, considering different factors such as availability of waste lands
and evacuation infrastructure, the moderated solar potential is estimated to be around 10 GW.
Despite having such vast potential, Karnataka has witnessed limited progress in terms of solar
capacity addition.
SunEdison intends to develop Solar Photovoltaic power project in the state of Karnataka under
the program released by KPTCL.
Environmental impact:
• Clean, quiet and visually unobtrusive in nature. Solar energy plants do not have any polluting
emissions, do not make any sound, and are not considered to be an "eyesore."
• Uses little to no water in the production of zero-emission electricity.
• Has a predictable energy curve and is most efficient when utility rates are at their highest.
• Can be placed in virtually every geographical region because the sun is available
everywhere.
• Offsets the need for polluting, expensive and inefficient power plants designed exclusively to
meet peak demand.

Benefits of Solar:
• Less investment during installation: Apart from the initial investment in solar panels, there
is no other cost involved in the generation of solar power. The savings made from going off-
grid can easily be invested in other projects. This can not only be done by different industries,
but also individuals. Commercial solar projects can be profitable for many industries as these
ensure the use of solar energy for powering different machines and equipment.
• Power in remote areas: There are many areas like mountains, forests and islands, which do
not receive power, owing to their remote location. Solar power is certainly a blessing in
disguise for these areas. Remote and rural areas are now taking advantage of power to
initiate different development projects in their areas. Consequently, education and medical
facilities have increased in these areas by the introduction of solar power.
• Lower power costs: The ever increasing cost of fuel and power has become a big issue for
many under-developed and developing countries. The socio-economic condition of people
living in these areas is not as per the normal standard. Hence, it becomes imperative to
provide these people with cheap power and energy. The governments in these areas look for
options, like solar energy, to initiate a better and proper distribution of power. This has also
helped these people to grow and develop themselves so that they can erase the economic
inequality in the country.
• Power in the hand of the masses: The control of energy and manufacturing is still in the
hands of the capitalists, which is increasing the exploitation of the masses. The biggest
weapon in the hands of the capitalists is energy and power. Solar energy shifts this power in
the hands of the masses as communities and smaller groups can easily go off the power grid.
The benefits of solar energy are ever increasing with different technologies coming up. The
research and development of various solar plants will surely create a sense of equality among
different economic groups in the world.

3. LAND AVAILABILITY AND SITE SELECTION
The company proposes to set up the power plant based on Polycrystalline PV technology with a
Single Axis Tracking system, which typically requires a land of about 4 - 6 acres / MW.The land
identified is a private land. The total land identified for the implementation of the proposed
project for is under legal due deligence.
Figure 5: Photographs of Project site
Soil profile of the site reveals that the land consists of brown soil with fine gravels and stones; it
is a dry land. The land is flat in nature with gentle slopes. There are a few rock collections

observed at some of the locations at site. Overall the site seems to be suitable for tracker
installation.
The adjacent land has a rocky hill outside (adjacent to) north periphery of site hill outside There
are no shadows in the area of land. There are a few bushes at the site which can be removed
during ground leveling, but no big trees. The proposed site is desolate and is not currently used
for any specific purpose.
Refer Annexure I for a broad level detail of the Project site selection and tentative timelines.

4. ASSESSMENT OF SOLAR TECHNOLOGIES
Solar energy (radiant light and heat energy from the sun) can be converted into electricity in two
ways viz. thermal route and photoelectric route. In the thermal route, solar energy concentrated
through reflectors is used to heat a fluid, which is transferred to water through an exchange
process to produces steam that is used to generate power in a conventional steam turbine
generator. In photoelectric route, electrical power is generated by converting solar light energy
into direct current electricity using Photovoltaic (PV) cells. PV cell consists of layers of
semiconductor material. The proposed project would use the PV technology.
When solar energy falls on a PV cell (a semi-conductor material), the energy from the photons
in the light energizes valence electrons in the PV cell and free electrons are thus generated.
These free electrons are collected using a “grid” printed on solar cells and direct current is thus
produced. The level of electricity generated by a PV cell depends on its efficiency, surface area
and the intensity of solar energy striking the surface. Ambient air temperature and cooling of
solar cells will also have an impact on amount of electricity generated. One PV Cell produces
only 1 or 2 Watts of power; therefore, many such cells are connected in series and parallel
combinations and sealed in an environmentally protective laminate (which is called PV module)
to obtain suitable magnitudes of current and line voltage.
PV module forms the fundamental building blocks of the complete solar PV plant. In order to
achieve a higher system voltage, modules are installed in a series arrangement, called a 'string'.
Calculated number of strings is connected in parallel by cables in specialized Junction Boxes
called string monitoring boxes. Junction boxes act as a junction point for a number of strings
and also monitor each string output, which is fed into the central monitoring and analysis
system. The DC electrical output from string of PV modules is fed through solar PV grade
cables to string combiner boxes (Junction boxes) and further through DC switchboard to
inverters. The Grid Connected Inverter (GCI) converts the DC output from the solar array into
grid compliant 3-phase AC voltage and feed it into the utility grid system with proper protection
as well as control.

There are mainly two Solar PV technologies namely crystalline silicon & thin film.
Crystalline Silicon Technology:
Crystalline solar cells are made of single/ mono crystal or multi/ poly crystalline silicon material.
Silicon ingots are made by the process of crystals growth or by casting in specially designed
furnaces. Ingots are then sliced into thin wafers. Using high temperature diffusion furnaces
impurities such as boron or phosphorous are introduced into the silicon wafers to form positive,
negative function. In this manner, silicon wafers are converted into solar cells. When exposed to
sunlight, a current is generated in each cell. Contacts are attached to the top and bottom of
each solar cell to enable inter-connections and drawing of the current. Single crystal wafers are
usually of 125*125 mm or larger sizes; multi-crystalline wafers are typically square shaped with
a dimension of 100*100 mm.Crystalline technologies are commercially proven and have a track
record of over 25 years in operation. Mono-crystalline silicon cells are generally the most
efficient, and are marginally costlier than multi-crystalline cells.
Thin Film Technology:
Thin Film modules are constructed by depositing extremely thin layers of photosensitive
material on to a low-cost backing [such as glass, stainless steel or plastic]. Once the deposited
material is attached to the backing, it is laser-cut into multiple thin cells. Thin Film modules are
normally enclosed between two layers of glass and are frameless. Although relatively new
compared to crystalline technologies, some thin film technologies are being increasingly used in
large scale installations. Thin film modules include semi-conductors made from amorphous
silicon (a-Si), Cadmium Telluride (CdTe), copper, indium, (di)selenide/(di)sulphide (CIS) and
Copper Indium Gallium di-Selenide (CIGS). CIGS and CIS offer the highest efficiencies of all
Thin Film technologies in the range of 7 to 12%.
Both (Thin Film and Crystalline) PV technologies are being used globally for utility scale power
generation. Approximately 78% of the present installed capacity in the world (of solar PV power
plants) has been set up with crystalline silicon modules; thin film modules make up the
remaining 22%. Crystalline technology has now a track record of over 25 years in commercial
operation, as compared to approximately 7 years for thin film technologies.

4.1 Key Technology Providers
Grid connected Solar Photovoltaic (PV) is the fastest growing technology in the world. Solar PV
companies include PV capital equipment procedures, cell manufacturers, panel manufacturers
and installers. Below are few solar technology providers for this project.
JA Solar
JA Solar Holdings Co., Ltd is a world-leading manufacturer of high-performance photovoltaic

products that convert sunlight into electricity for residential, commercial, and utility-scale power
generation. The company was founded on May 18, 2005, and was publicly listed on NASDAQ
on February 7, 2007. JA Solar is one of the world's largest producers of solar cells and
modules. Its
Standard and high-efficiency product offerings are among the most powerful and cost-effective
in the industry. JA Solar is committed to creating sustained value by producing high quality solar
products and technologies that efficiently and economically harness the world's sunlight.
CHINT Solar
The Chint Group, founded in 1984, has developed to be a big player in the Chinese industrial
electrical equipment production and clean energy fields. Chint Solar (Zhejiang) Co. Ltd is a
module manufacturing company based in Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province in China and is a
subsidiary of the Chint Group. All the modules are sold under the brand name of Astronergy. As
a manufacturer of mono and poly-crystalline PV modules, Chint Solar is partially vertical
integrated, because it does not process silicon ingots directly but produces modules from silicon
wafer. As of March 2014, peak production capacity in Chinese sites is 1 GW per year.
TRINA Solar
Trina Solar Limited (NYSE: TSL) is a leading manufacturer of high quality modules and has a
long history as a solar PV pioneer since it was founded in 1997 as a system installation
company. Trina Solar is one of the few PV manufacturers that have developed a vertically

integrated business model from the production of monocrystalline and multicrystalline silicon
ingots, wafers and cells to the assembly of high quality modules. Trina Solar's products provide
reliable and environmentally-friendly electric power for a growing variety of end-user
applications worldwide.
4.2 Adherence to Technical Specification
As per Schedule 2 of the PPA signed between Bheem and the Distribution Company and
various consultations internally and also with the Utility, we decided to use JA Solar for our
project site. JA Solar satisfies the required IEC PV module qualification test or equivalent BIS
standards safety qualification testing. These modules are tested and approved by one of the
IEC authorized test centers and hold the required warranties.

5. SYSTEM DESIGN
The basic functional description of a Solar Photovoltaic power generator is as follows:
• Solar panels installed on ground mount structure, convert energy of photons in sunlight
to DC (Direct Current) electricity. This works on the basic principle of photovoltaic effect.
• This power generated as DC from solar panels is sent to a device called Inverter.
• The inverter inverts the DC from solar panels to AC (Alternate Current), which can be
used for any domestic or industrial need requiring an AC current supply.
• This AC output is expected to be at 380V level and will be stepped up to 33kV by a
step-up transformer.
• The modules in PV array are connected in series called string to obtain the desired
voltage.
• The individual strings are connected in parallel to allow the system to accumulate more
current.
• The strings are then protected by encapsulation between glass and a tough metal,
plastic or fiberglass back. This is held together by a stainless steel or aluminum frame to
form a module.
• These modules usually are made up of SPV (Solar Photovoltaic) cells, forming the basic
building block of a solar array.
• Modules may be connected in series or parallel to increase the voltage and current, and
thus achieve the required solar array characteristics that will match the load.
The electrical design of our PV power system uses a Grid Interactive System that feeds in 100%
of the power generated to the utility power grid.

5.1 Our Design Philosophy
SunEdison maintains a complete engineering division which is dedicated to creating PV system

designs which conform to the project site layout. When evaluating a prospective site, we
consider a variety of physical factors, including:
• Available ground space

• Plot orientation
• Local wind speed
• Solar irradiance (insolation)
• Geotechnical / Structural characteristics
• Interconnection requirements & utility approvals
• Distance to point of interconnection
• Interconnection voltage
• Local permitting authority
• Environmental permitting considerations
In order to achieve the main objectives of the solar power plant like high availability and
reliability we have adopted the following principles in our system design.
SunEdison proposes JA Solar modules to use poly crystalline cells of high efficiency on a single
axis tracker system.
• We will provide adequate capacity of SPV module, PCUs, Junction boxes etc to ensure
generation of power as per design estimates. To achieve this we will apply liberal de-
rating factors for the array while analyzing the efficiency parameters of PCUs,
transformers, etc. This can be achieved by,
I. Optimum availability of modules during the day time.
II. Ensuring module layout to prevent shading.
III. PCUs (Power Conditioning Units) with high track record and ready
availability of requisite spares.
IV. High DC system voltage and low current handling options.

• We use equipment and systems with proven design and performance that have a high
availability track record under similar service conditions. Considering the solar insolation
at the site, the solar PV system will so designed that it will take into account the mean
energy output after allowing for various losses, temperature corrections, on an average
day for each month of the year.
• We strictly comply with the approved and proven quality assurance norms and
procedures during the different phases of the project.
• Safety is our important consideration in any phase of our project. The plant
instrumentation and control system are designed to assist the operators in the safe and
efficient operation of the plant.
• Our PV installation will provide for the analysis of the historical data and help in the plant
maintenance people to take up the plant and equipment on preventive maintenance. We
provide a careful logging of operation data / historical information from the Data
Monitoring Systems, and periodical processing of the same to determine abnormal or
slowly deteriorating conditions.
• SPV power plant should be designed to operate satisfactorily in parallel with the grids
within permissible limits of high voltage and frequency fluctuation conditions, so as to
export the maximum possible units to the grid. We would ensure that the solar power
plant protects its equipment against any of possible fault tripping / pulling out of big
generating stations and sudden overloading during falling of portion of the grid loads on
the power plant unit in island mode, under fault / feeder tripping conditions or other
disturbances from the grid or to the extent it interacts with the grid.
• We would provide a very fast microprocessor based Directional and Reverse power flow
protection insure isolation of the solar power plant from the grid at the time of any fault or
/ and any additional suitable protection.
Refer Annexure III for a General Site Layout and Single Line diagrams of our power plant at
site.

6. PROPOSED SYSTEM COMPONENTS
A solar power plant comprises of the main equipment and components listed below:
• Solar PV Modules
• Mounting Structure – Single Axis Tracker
• Power Conditioning Unit / Inverter
• Array and String Junction Boxes
• Monitoring System
• Power Evacuation Infrastructure
• Cables & Connectors
• Illumination System
• Plant Communication
• Telephone System
The PV systems designed by our experienced in-house Design & Engineering department
ensure that our systems are compliant with each customer’s electrical and structural
engineering standards, along with all other local and standard requirements.
SunEdison determines the best technology and equipment configuration, to minimize cost and
maximize energy production. Based on our evaluation, we propose a set of technical equipment
from world class manufacturers.
6.1 PV Modules
The primary component of a photovoltaic system is the solar cell. This is the element that
converts solar radiation into electricity. A photovoltaic module or photovoltaic panel is a
packaged interconnected assembly of photovoltaic cells. The solar modules we suggest for your
usage are certified as per IEC 61215-Edition –II and IEC 61730-1, -2 amended up to date or
equivalent Standard.

The SPV module will contain poly crystalline high power silicon solar cells having surface anti-
reflective coating to help to absorb more light in all weather conditions. The module frame will
be made of aluminum or corrosion resistant material, which will be electrically compatible with
the structural material used for mounting the modules. It will also have tough multi-layered
polymer back sheet for environmental protection against moisture and provide high voltage
electrical insulation. The arrangement and the material of encapsulation will be compatible with
the thermal expansion properties of the Silicon cells and the module framing
arrangement/material. It will provide a stable operation in external outdoor applications and shall
have service life of more than 25 years.
The design of the Solar PV Modules that we suggest will conform to following Mechanical
requirement:
• Toughened, low iron content.

• High transmissivity front glass
• Anodized Aluminum frame
• Ethyl Vinyl Acetate (EVA) encapsultant
• Silicon edge sealant around laminate
• Weatherproof DC rated MC connector and a lead cable coming out as a part of the
module, making connections easier and secure, not allowing for any loose connections.
• Resistant of water, abrasion, hail impact, humidity & other environment factor for the
worst situation at site
The Photo conversion efficiency of our SPV Module will be greater than 13.5% and will provide
a minimum declared output of 300 Wp or more. The number of modules to be supplied for the
project will be worked out accordingly.
The main characteristics taken into consideration when selecting a module for a photovoltaic
system are:
• Open-Circuit Voltage (Voc): This is the difference of electrical potential between two
terminals of a device without any external load connected.
• Optimum Operating Voltage (Vmp): This is the voltage across the terminals of the
module when it reaches maximum power at Standard Test Conditions (STC).

• Short-Circuit Current (Isc): Short-circuit happens when there is very low resistance
between both terminals of the module.
• Optimum Operating Current (Imp): This is the current generated when the system
reaches maximum power at STC.
• Maximum Power at STC (Pmax): Maximum power generated at Standard Test
Conditions like 1000 W/m2, 25°C cell temperature, with a reference solar spectral
irradiance called AM1.5, as defined in IEC 60904-3.TC.
• Current Voltage Curve (IV Curve): The IV curve shows the relationship between current
and voltage across the terminals of the module. Figure 6 is an example of an IV curve.
Figure 6: Current Voltage Curve of Solar Cell
• Efficiency: The efficiency of the module is the ratio between the power generated by the
module and the power incident.
• Power Tolerance: The power tolerance is given by the manufacturer, and defines the
maximum variation in power that the module can have.
• Temperature coefficient of Pmax: The relative change in maximum power when the
temperature is changed by 1°C.
• Temperature coefficient of Voc: The relative change in open-circuit voltage when the
• Temperature coefficient of Isc: The relative change in short-circuit current when the

• Operating Temperature: The service temperature at which the module can be safely
used.
Refer Annexure IV for the data sheet of our Proposed PV module.
6.2 Module Mounting Structure
• Our Module Mounting structure will be designed for simple mechanical and electrical
installation. It will support SPV modules at a given orientation, absorb and transfer the
mechanical loads to the ground properly. The array structure will be grounded properly
using maintenance free earthing kit.
• The Mounting structure will be designed to allow easy replacement of any module and
will be in line with site requirement.
• The support structure design and foundation will be designed to withstand wind speed
applicable for the zone using relevant Indian wind load codes.
• The array structure will be so designed that it will occupy minimum space without
sacrificing the output from SPV panels.
• The array structure will be made of hot dipped galvanized MS angles of suitable size.
• Nut & bolts, supporting structures including Module Mounting Structures will be
adequately protected from atmosphere and weather prevailing in the area.
• All fasteners will be made of galvanized steel.
6.2.1 Fixed Tilt System
A Solar panel produces maximum energy at a time when the incident sun light is normal to the
panel. In order to effectively get maximum energy throughout the day, the structure (on which
the panel is mounted) should be such that the panel follows the Sun as it moves across the sky
during the day. In its simplest form, a solar tracker is a structure that is fixed at a specific angle
(to the horizon) and moves from east to west as the sun moves across the sky during a day.
The solar panel mounted onto such a tracker will thus get maximum amount of sun light, and
will in turn be able to generate a higher amount of energy compared to a panel that is mounted
at a fixed position. The Sun’s position in the sky varies with the seasons as well, and it is
possible to design a solar tracker to adjust the angle throughout the year, so that the incidence
of solar light is always perpendicular to the surface; here the design gets more complicated and

hence more expensive, in comparison to the benefit achieved by changing the angle through
the seasons. The area of shadow as the Sun moves through the various seasons will
necessitate each tracker to be located farther apart so that the total land area required to install
the power plant is much larger than that of the fixed mount or a single axis tracker.
Fixed mounting systems can be very simple structures connecting single PV panels in a row to
more complex structures with up to 4 panels attached vertically and as many as 25 panels
horizontally. With the fixed system the angle of the panels with horizon is fixed and cannot be
altered; thus as the angle of the sun changes with the seasons, sunlight does not strike the
panel at the most optimal point and results in decreased conversion efficiency . The fixed
mounting is the most basic mounting systems and the least efficient. The main advantages for
a fixed mounting system are the following: best utilization of land, shorter cable lengths, least
maintenance, high MTBF, installation and purchase cost.
Figure 7: Fixed Mount Solar Systems
6.2.2 SAT (Single Axis Solar Trackers)
Single Axis Tracker Mounting Systems come in many forms and sizes, from pole mounted
arrays that move on one axis to ground mounted arrays that move on one axis. For this phase
of the project a linear single axis tracker mounting system is proposed. A linear single axis
tracker is as efficient as the fixed mounting system in land utilization and provides up to 20% in
increased energy production. A linear single axis tracker will track the sun vertically as it moves
across the sky.

We choose to use AP90 SAT (Single Axis Tracker) for our project. It is a mounting solution
developed for solar photovoltaic applications where the panels (whether they are framed or
unframed panels) can turn around the central axis. This SAT enables the PV modules to
track the sun’s path from East to West during daylight hours. The idea behind the tracker is
to position the PV modules perpendicular to the sun at all times during the day, whereas if
the panels were mounted at a fixed position, the sun will be perpendicular to the modules
only for a fraction of time during the day. Thus the daily energy output of the system with a
tracker is about 20% more than the fixed mount system. Refer Annexure V for our AP90
tracker data sheet.

Ref: SAM code IN-12-0324 & IN-13-0521
Figure 8: Layout of a Sample SAT

The racks are clamped to the torque tubes to secure the solar PV modules, and can
accommodate both framed and unframed modules of familiar makes. The number of
modules per rack varies depending on the specific size of the module to be used as well as
the proposed design.
Figure 9: Single Axis Trackers
The central section of the torque tube is left free without module installation to
accommodate the drive mechanism. The drive mechanism refers to all the structural and
rotating components that are mechanically assembled in order to transfer the movement of
the motor to the panels. The drive mechanism consists of the following components.
• Screw jack
• Bed frame
• Drive linkages
• Linkage pins
• Lever arm
• Torque tube
• Plastic Bushing

The drive mechanism actuator is mounted in the center of the block between two rows. It is
connected to each row through a passive link system that uses a pinned link between each
panel row. The drive mechanism rotates the torque tubes in plastic bushings. The dry slide
bearings clamp around the torque tubes and are mounted on top of columns that hold the
whole length of the torque tubes. These bearings enable the torque tube to rotate from a
horizontal position to a maximum tilt of 450° towards the east and 450° towards the west. In
this manner, the panels are exposed to the sun in the morning, and gradually rotate to
maximize the direct normal exposure throughout the day. The actual angle of the panels is
backtracked in the morning and evening to eliminate shading from neighboring panels.
The drive mechanism connects all rows in a block to a central actuator; this helps in the
rotation of the panels in that row. This central actuator is a single jack screw driven by a
motor that is designed in such a way to rotate all panel rows at once. The linkage between
each panel is sized to ensure that all rows are parallel during rotation. The screw jack motor
is controlled by an algorithm that ensures the panels are directly facing the sun throughout
the year during daylight hours, and also optimizes sun exposure through backtracking
during sunset and sunrise. This algorithm is based on location, time of day and time of year.
The design of the Single axis tracker can accommodate sites with grades of up to 3 degrees
in the N/S direction. No slope limits were defined for the E/W direction, but it is important to
note that the pin-linkage will allow for both positive and negative slope change. All materials
used by the Single axis tracker are galvanized, anodized, or protected inside an enclosure
to limit environmental corrosion effects. Figure 10 depicts the components of the Single Axis
tracker.

Figure 10: AP90 Single Axis Tracker Components
The following are the three main single axis tracker components:
• Drive mechanism: torque tube, drivelines, lever, bushings, screw jack, motor, and
electronic controller.
• Structure: support columns, support column footings, rack and bed frame.
• Controller: PLC logic controls, sensors and communication to central computer.
All the components have undergone stringent stress tests to determine their reliability and
durability. Single axis tracker will be able to operate as per specifications during its lifetime,
if properly maintained and serviced. The steel components may have the highest risk of
failure caused by severe environmental conditions or undetected corrosion if not adequately
surface-coated, and the linkage pin holes may wear resulting in decreased panel alignment
accuracy. However, scheduled visual inspections should be able to detect most of these
issues before failure occurs.
Refer Annexure VI & Annexure VII for the drawings on foundation details & fixing system
of trackers at this project site.

Exceptional Features:
• Environment Friendly Trackers: The single axis tracker is designed with fully
recyclable parts and packaging. All of the Single axis tracker components and packaging
can be recycled after use or at the end of their economic life. In addition, due to the
dimensions of the Single axis tracker block, sufficient room between the rows is provided
to allow for farming operations. This allows the multi-use of farmland for both power
generation and crop growth, and also provides room to: mow weeds that could hinder
direct sunlight from reaching the panels, access the panels with cleaning equipment,
access the panels with heavy equipment for repairs.
• Ease of Access to Spare Parts: All of the spare parts and controls are readily available
throughout the world. This makes sourcing and repair a simple process that can be
handled through foreign factories that may afford a cost benefit, or locally if there is a
cost or time benefit by performing the work nearby.
• Simplicity in installation: Assembly of the single axis tracker is designed for simple
field construction and easy transportation to the site. The construction of the single axis
tracker does not require any specialized equipment and welding in the field, unlike most
of the tracker systems; minimal operator input is required during installation. The
components are designed robustly to resist damage during fabrication, shipping,
assembly, and operation and the actuator, controls, bushings, pins, and galvanized steel
are chosen for their proven field history. Imported labor is not required, and all tasks can
be handled by local talent.
• Structural Integrity: The structural design of the system has been evaluated by third
party structural engineers for design verification. In addition, a wind loading and
structural member stress analysis was performed to model the wind forces exerted on
the tracker structure and to modify the design based on the results, as necessary. The
wind loading analysis was performed with a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model.
Based on the results of the CFD analysis, it was clear that single axis tracker system is
capable of handling the maximum wind speeds of 90 km/h operating and 200 km/h when
stowed as claimed by single axis trackers manufacturers.

6.2.2.1 Benefits of using Single Axis Tracker
In general, Single Axis Trackers have the following advantages over fixed tilt.
1. Single axis tracker is capable of delivering more energy per year, approximately 20% in
sun-rich areas because of its tracking facility.
Figure 11: Solar Radiation Data from NREL Handbook
2. Single axis tracker delivers significantly more energy at strategic times (summer,
afternoons, time-of-use). More irradiance results in more energy, nearly 39.4% during
summer when the need is the most or at strategic time of the day. For example, in Abu
Dhabi, UAE, the gain is approximately 22 % more annual energy than from a fixed tilt
system.
Figure 12: MW PV System Performance in Abu Dhabi

3. Single axis trackers give a strategic cost advantage. They yield a lower Levelized Cost
of Electricity (LCOE). If you gain around 22% more energy by using Single axis trackers
for 7% more total system cost, it equals to almost $ 0.03 kWh cheaper electricity in sun
rich areas of the world. This in turn results to a 15% savings in your cost. In another
view, a Single axis tracker solar farm that generates the same energy as that of a fixed
tilt solar farm can be 22% smaller in size; in turn the PV system can be 15% lower
turnkey cost @ EPC with the same amount of energy delivered.
4. Single axis trackers never shade themselves (early morning & late afternoon back-
tracking). Single axis tracker utilizes a screw-jack actuator to rotate the modules and
thus incorporates back-tracking mechanism. This mechanism works in such a way that
the rows start off flat at sunrise. As the sun rises, the rows back track and rotate
eastward in opposite direction of the travelling sun. When the sun is ~ 270 above east
horizon, the tracker stops at 450 facing east direction. The rows wait at this point till the
sun travels 450 above east horizon. After this point sun and tracker move westward from
450 east to 450 west. Till the sun travels to 270 above west horizon, the trackers wait
stationary at 450. Rows back track as the sun sets and reach flat position as the sun
sets. In both the directions the row shadows fall short of adjacent rows. Figure 13 depicts
how dual axis trackers and titled single axis trackers trackers cast shadows to the north,
causing self shadow. Whereas Horizontal single axis trackers do not cast shadows to
the north or south and their back-tracking mechanism avoids east-west shading as well.
Figure 13: Shading Analysis with Single Axis and Dual Axis Tracking
Single axis tracker systems stow flat to survive strong wind conditions. This mechanism can
be enabled by an UPS even when there is power failure. Though the PV system stows flat

when wind becomes threatening, it still continues to produce electricity during day. It is best
to leave rows tilted at 450 during night, since the dew or rainfall at night time cleans the
modules; if the wind is heavy the system will automatically stow flat.
5. The Single axis trackers employ a simple tracking algorithm and mechanism that make
the overall cost of the system cheaper.
• The sun position equations are such that there are no sun location sensors used in this
system. This allows tracking even on cloudy days. The industry grade PLC
(Programmatic Logic Controller) is easily available off the shelf; it uses 5 site-specific
inputs for its equation – latitude, longitude, time, row width and aisle width.
• There is no clock drift of the PLC that is used; considers the GPS input.
• An inclinometer supplies tilt angle status to the PLC.
• An anemometer supplies wind speed status to PLC for stowing flat when necessary.
6. Single axis tracker offer reduced O&M costs. The trackers are designed in such a way
that there are wide spaces between the rows that results in simpler maintenance. Otherwise
clearing the bushes and the weeds becomes a significant issue to maintain the solar
farm.single axis trackers can be deployed alongside agricultural farms too.
Figure 14: Aerial View of our AP90 Tracker site at Tirunelveli, Tamilnadu
7. Single axis trackers are reliable and dependable since they are designed to withstand
not only wind loads but also snow loads.

Refer Annexure IV for the data sheet of AP90 tracker.
6.2.3 Dual Axis Solar Trackers
Dual Axis Tracker Mounting Systems also come in many forms and sizes. These trackers also
track the seasonal movements of the Sun as it moves north or south through the year. These
trackers provide higher annual energy production than the single axis tracker because the angle
of incidence of light is perpendicular to the solar panels. However they tend to require more land
for some amount of installed capacity and the cable run lengths can also be very long. Because
of the complexity involved in designing and operating these dual trackers, they are more
expansive to purchase and operate.
Figure 15 : Dual Axis Solar Trackers
6.3 Power Conditioning Unit / Inverter
The Power Conditioning Unit comprises of MPPT (Maximum Power Point Tracker) controller,
inverter and associated control and protection devices etc. It is the critical equipment in a grid
connected SPV Power plants system. This equipment converts DC power generated by SPV
array, into 3 phase voltage AC to be connected to Grid and acts as an interface between the PV
array and the Grid.
The AC output should have very low current and voltage harmonic distortion and it must also
synchronize automatically to the exact AC voltage and frequency of the grid. Since the DC
output from the solar modules is dependent on the solar radiation, there is a huge variation for

the solar array output that the inverter has to accommodate and convert to AC at high
efficiencies.
The MPPT is an electronic system present in the inverter that operates the Photovoltaic (PV)
modules in a manner that allows the modules to produce all the power they are capable of. The
modern inverters that we suggest have inbuilt maximum power point circuits that allow them to
tune the load conditions to maximize the power output based on the DC output of the arrays.
Typical conversion efficiencies for the inverters today are >96% for a range of DC outputs.
In addition, the inverter will also act as a protective device of the system for situations like over
current both at input and output, short circuit, over temperature, lightning and surge voltage
induced at output due to external source. It will trip out if the voltage, current or frequency goes
outside acceptable ranges. In other words it is designed for continuous and reliable power
supply.
There are two inverter size options for this design - using a small number (or single) of large
inverters (5 X 1MW) or using several smaller inverters of around 250KW (20 X 250kW). Using
less number of high rating (around 1MW) inverters will be a less expensive option because of,
• inverter costs
• use of shorter lengths of cables
• less number of connection points
Using several smaller size inverters will increase the redundancy and reliability of the system.
For instance, if there is any unforeseen problem in the array or inverter, then there will not be
any hindrance in the supply of energy to the grid.
The inverters we choose, satisfy International Standards for solar PV applications and holds the
following Certifications as required by MNRE.
• Electronics protection rating / connection area - (as per IEC 60529)

• Efficiency Measurements Environmental Testing
• IEC 61683

• IEC 60068- 2 (6, 21, 27, 30, 75, 78)

• Climatic category - (as per IEC 60721-3-4)
Figure 16: TMEIC Inverter
The PCU we propose to use will be able to withstand any unbalanced load, in conformance to
the IEC standard and relevant Indian electricity condition. The PCU will include appropriate self
protective and self diagnostic features to protect itself and the PV array from damage in the
event of PCU component failure or from parameters beyond the PCU’s safe operating range
due to internal or external causes. The self-protective features will not allow signals from the
PCU front panel to cause the PCU to be operated in a manner which may be unsafe or
damaging. Faults due to malfunctioning within the PCU, including commutation feature, will be
cleared by the PCU protective devices and not by the existing site utility grid service circuit
breaker.
The PCU will go to shutdown / standby mode, with its contacts open, under the following
conditions before attempting an automatic restart after an appropriate time delay. When the
power available from the PV array is insufficient to supply the losses of the PCU, the PCU will
go to standby / shutdown mode. The PCU control will prevent excessive cycling of shut down
during insufficient solar radiance.
Disconnection of the PV generator in the event of loss of the main grid supply is to be achieved
by inflicts protection within the power conditioner. This may be achieved through rate of change
of current, phase angle, unbalanced voltages, or reactive load variants.

Refer Annexure VIII for the Inverter Data sheet and Annexure IX for the technical specification
of the Inverter Switchboard.
6.4 Junction Box / Combiner Box
• The junction box will be dust, vermin, and waterproof and made of FRP/ABS/PC Plastic.
• The terminal will be connected to copper bus-bar arrangement of appropriate size and
will have suitable cable entry points fitted with cable glands of appropriate sizes for both
incoming and outgoing cables.
• Suitable markings will be provided on the bus-bars for easy identification and cable
ferrules will be fitted at the cable termination points for identification. The junction box is
of IP 65.
• Each Array / String junction Box will have suitable Reverse Blocking Diodes of maximum
DC blocking voltage of 1000 V with suitable arrangement for its connecting. The Array
junction Box will also have suitable surge protection. The junction Boxes will have
suitable arrangement for the followings (typical):-
– Combine groups of modules into independent charging sub-arrays that will be

wired into the controller.
– Provide arrangement for disconnection for each of the groups.
– Provide a test point for each sub-group for quick fault location.
– Provide group array isolation.
– The current carrying ratings of the junction Boxes will be suitable with adequate
safety factor to inter connect the Solar PV array.
Refer Annexure X for the technical specification of Combiner box.
6.5 Monitoring System

SunEdison remotely monitors system output worldwide on a continuous basis. All of our
inverters and other sub components are equipped with the instrumentation and data collection
devices needed to interface with the monitoring system.
SEEDS™ (SunEdison Energy and Environmental Data System) is the SunEdison’s proprietary
platform for monitoring and logging site data. The SEEDS platform includes the following on-site
equipment: SEEDS™ Gateway, Revenue-Grade Electric Meter, SEEDS™ Weather Station
(which includes module and ambient temperature sensor, pyranometer for irradiance
measurements and anemometers for wind speed measurement), Cellular (or Satellite) modem,
NEMA Enclosure. SEEDS provides the following services for any facility.
Solar Monitoring: Monitor production from solar power plants in 15 minute, 5 minute and 1
minute intervals. Measure and verify energy, apparent power, reactive power, AC/DC voltage
and current, frequency, inverter status and fault codes, ambient temperature, cell temperature
and insolation.
Load Monitoring: Monitor facility energy usage and demand as well as reactive power.
Energy Cost Monitoring: Visualize utility costs and solar savings calculated based on the
published utility tariff. Data is presented for every 15-minute interval and updated daily.
Figure 17: Top Panel View of the SEEDS Gateway
The SEEDS Gateway is an embedded computer that monitors and controls energy and the on-
site equipments. The gateway collects and aggregates monitoring information from all these

devices, and communicates with the SunEdison data center near real-time via a cellular,
satellite or local area network.
Figure 18: Back Panel View of the SEEDS Gateway
Refer Annexure XI for the data sheet of SEEDS monitoring system.
6.5.1 SEEDSTM Gateway – Features
• SCADA (Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition):

• Collects data via serial or Ethernet link (Modbus, CCU2, Data-1…) as well as pulse input
• Provides on-board data storage
• MRS (Performance Monitoring and Reporting System)
• AMR (Automatic Meter Reading):
• Collects historical interval data from meter
• PDP (Performance Data Provider)
• High performance web service interface
• Data latency < 1min
• Supported devices
• Electric meters
• Environmental sensors
• Solar inverters
6.5.2 Web Based Monitoring

Client Connect is a secure web portal used by our customers to access information about
energy production and usage, weather, environmental offsets, costs, savings, and more. Client
Connect has the following capabilities:
• Customer can monitor energy produced by an individual system or in aggregate for a

fleet of sites.
• Data is available at 15 minute intervals and can be displayed in daily, weekly, monthly,
annual or custom date ranges.
• Any data charted can be exported in CSV format.
• Client Connect users can subscribe to daily or monthly production reports sent via email.
• Client Connect also provides customer access to energy invoices, and designated users
receive email notification when a new invoice is posted.
Figure 19: Client Connect Online Monitoring
All major parameters are available on the digital bus and logging facility for energy auditing
through the internal microprocessor and can be read on the digital front panel at any time the
current values, previous values for up to a month and the average values. The following
parameters will be accessible through the operating interface display.

• AC Voltage
• AC Output current
• Output Power
• DC Input Voltage
• DC Input Current
• Time Active
• Time disabled
• Time Idle
• Temperatures
• Invertor Status
6.5.3 Weather Station

The SEEDS Weather Station is a set of sensors that measure weather data, including:
• Irradiance (the amount of solar energy available on-site) Global Horizontal Incidence via
Pyranometer; mounted in the plane-of-array (POA)
• PV cell temperature (temperature impacts performance)
• Ambient temperature (for validation of cell temperature)
Figure 20 : Weather Station

Since the output of the solar PV power plant varies depending on weather conditions, this
information is essential to the ongoing monitoring of system performance. Environmental data is
transmitted by the SEEDS Weather Station to the SEEDS Gateway and relayed to the
SunEdison Data Center.
6.6 Power Evacuation Infrastructure

Based on scheme approval given by KPTCL for 120MW (4 x 30MW)and based on final
locations, the following shall be the final power evacuation scheme.
Name of Substation Identified and evacuation point for connectivity : 220/33kV Substation by
KPTCL at Pavagada,Tumkur district
Evacuation Voltage Level – 220 kV

A 220kV Single Circuit Drake conductor line will connect DC tower from pooling substation to
KPTCL substation- 12kM. A Pooling substation- 220/33kV,120MW, will be commissioned
7.5Km from the project, a 33kV single circuit line on Panther conductor will connect the project
to the pooling substation.
Figure 21 : Sub-station

6.6.1 Evacuation Power Line

Transmission line between the SPV plant and the transmission substation will be taken through
steel lattice towers suitable for single circuit conductors. Foundations, civil works and execution
of work will be in accordance with the Karnataka State Electricity Board’s norms. The
transmission system will be complete with galvanized transmission towers, conductors, earth
wires, strain/string insulators, hardware & accessories for towers, gantries at termination points,
etc.
Lightning arrestors of adequate capacity will be provided for transformer/ switchyard equipment
protection and on terminating ends of the transmission lines. The lightning arrestor will be heavy
duty station class type, discharge Station class III, conforming to IEC specification. Arrestors will
be complete with Insulating base, self contained discharge counters and suitable mille-
ammeters.
6.6.2 Plant Feeder at Grid Substation
The plant feeder at transmission sub-station will be provided with directional over-current and
earth fault relays, backed-up by nondirectional elements. Trivector meter (TVM) may also be
provided in the substation for this feeder, so as to give backup metering.
6.6.3 Switchyard
The power from the PCUs are collected and channeled through the medium voltage panel by
the means of MV AC power lines, and then are run from the MV panels to the power
transformer. The transformer is connected to the overhead power line by means of
corresponding switchgear and cabinets allocated in control room.
6.6.4 MV Power Interfacing Panel
The MV panel will have adequate inputs to take output from Inverter Transformer and will be
routed to Main Control Room MV Panel.The panel will be mounted on the floor and will have all
relevant measuring instruments such as voltmeter, ammeter, frequency meter, Electronic

Energy Meter for measuring the deliverable units (KWh) for sale, selector switches and Mimic
panel.
All the power cables will be taken through top / bottom of the panel as per site requirement. The
panel will be fitted with suitable rating and size copper bus,Circuit Breaker (ACB/VCB/SF6),
HRC (High Rupting Capacity) fuses / circuit breaker / isolator, indicators for all incomer and
outgoing terminals, LED voltmeter and Ammeter with suitable selector switches to monitor and
measure the power to be evacuated.
The nuts and bolts including metallic fittings will be adequately protected against atmosphere
and weather prevailing in the area.
6.6.5 Transformers
20 x 1.65 MVA transformers will be used for 30 MW SPV Power Plant. All terminal screws,
studs, nuts and bolts will be in accordance with the Indian Standards. We will ensure that no
damage is caused from transportation, installation and operation of the equipment under the
climatic conditions to which it will be subjected. All materials used will conform to this
specification and appropriate standards and will be new in all respects.
The transformers, their accessories and fittings, transformer oil, etc. will conform to the latest
edition of the following standards (as amended up to date).
# Equipment Standard
1. Transformer IS 2026
2. Transformer Oil IS 335 / 93
3. Bushings IS: 2099, 3347,8603
4. Fittings and Accessories for Transformers IS:3639

# Equipment Standard
5. Code of practice for selection installation & maintenance IS:10028

of transformer
6. Guide for loading of oil immersed transformers IS:6600
7. Method of impulse voltage testing IS:2070
8. Gas & Oil operated Relay IS:3637
9. Specifications for insulating kraft paper IS:9335
10. Specifications for solid insulating press Boards for IS:1576

electrical purposes
11. Ready mixed paint, brushing zinc chromate, painting IS:104
12. Determination of water content in oil for porcelain IS:2362

bushing transformers
13. Selection, Installation and maintenance of transformers IS:3401 and IS:10028
14. Terminal Connector IS:5561
15. Gas & Oil operated relay IS:3637:
16. Method of impulse voltage testing IS:2070
We will execute all the work in accordance with the latest edition of the Indian Electricity Act and
rules formed there under and as amended from time to time
The transformers will be of copper wound 1.65MVA, 380V/33kV , 3 phase, natural cooled,
double wound, core type construction, oil immersed and will be suitable for outdoor service as
step-up transformers; capable of working under power reversal as well.
The technical particulars of transformers required are as under:
Parameters Value
Maximum continuous rating at reference : 1.65MVA

Parameters Value
ambient temperature specified
Frequency : 50 Hz
No. of phases : 3 phase
Rated primary Voltage on principal tap : 33kV
Rated secondary Voltage : 0.380 kV or as per Inverter output
Winding connections:
i) HV side : : Delta
ii) LV side : : Star
iii) Vector group reference : : Dy11y11 or as per Inverter requirement
Type of cooling : ONAN

Percentage impedance at normal voltage & : 5 % or as per Trafo design Requirement
75 deg.C average winding temp. between
HV-LV with tolerance as per ISS.
Off load tap changer : Having 5 equal steps (in step of 2.5% of
each to have voltage variation of +5% to -5
% on HV side Also match the range of
requirement of HV voltage viz-a-viz Inverter
output voltage.
Maximum current density for HV & LV : 3 Amp/mm sq (for Cu winding
incl. tapped winding wound)
Neutral unbalance current : Not exceeding 2.0%

Type of terminal : On MV side & LV side suitable size of cable
for inter connection to indoor MV panel / LT
BUS as respectively.

6.6.6 Switchgear
Switchgear for connection to the overhead line will consist of insulated cabinets with switch on-
off, protection and metering functions. Isolators will be complete with earth switch (wherever
necessary), galvanized steel base provided with holes, solid core type post insulators with
adequate creep age distance, blades made up of non-rusting material, operating mechanism
(gang operated, manual/motor charging mechanism). They will be of center post rotating
horizontal double break type and will consist of 3 poles.
The system will be designed with appropriate CTs & PTs to have all relevant protection
arrangements like, over current, earth fault relays etc. In addition CTs and PTs will also be
provided for metering purposes as elsewhere specified.
Over and under voltage protection, over and under frequency protection and island operation
protection will be carried out by the CPUs protection system; it is not necessary to implement
that function on the protection relays of the switchyard.
Protection, metering and control panels for the switchyard and grid feeder will be all
accommodated in the control room. The circuit breaker will be totally re-strike free under all duty
conditions and will be capable of breaking magnetizing current of transformer and capacitive
current of unloaded overhead lines without causing over voltages of abnormal magnitudes. The
circuit breakers will be suitable for use in the switchgear under the operating conditions.
Tariff main metering will be accommodated in the control room on plant land. Trivector meter
that will be provided in the plant’s control building or as per KREDL’s requirement and will have
main and checking arrangement, and these will be agreed upon with KREDL. The tariff meters
will register import as well as export parameters. The ratings and characteristics of the circuit
breaker system will be as follows:
Protection, metering and control panels for the switchyard and grid feeder will be all
accommodated in the control room. The circuit breaker will be totally re-strike free under all duty
conditions and will be capable of breaking magnetizing current of transformer and capacitive
current of unloaded overhead lines without causing over voltages of abnormal magnitudes. The
circuit breakers will be suitable for use in the switchgear under the operating conditions.

Sl.
Description Specification
No.
1. Rated voltage 33 kV, 3 phase
2. Rated frequency 50 Hz
3. Fault level 25 kA for 1 secs.
4. Degree of protection IP4X
5. Design Ambient 50 Deg C
6. No of VCBs / Isolators As per the enclosed Single Line Diagram
7. Current Rating of the VCB As per the enclosed Single Line Diagram
8. Type of Breaker Vacuum Circuit Breaker
9. Type of Panel Air Insulated Panel, Indoor Duty
10. Current transformers, As per the enclosed Single Line Diagram
Potential transformer along
with necessary protection
and metering equipments
11. Paint shade of panel RAL 7032
12. Terminal suitability As per the enclosed MV Single Line Diagram
13. Max system voltage 36 kV
14. Power frequency voltage 70 kV rms
15. Impulse withstand voltage 170 kV
16. Dynamic rating 62.5 kAp
17. Busbar rating and material 400 / 630 A, High conductivity Electrolytic grade
Aluminum.
18. Maximum busbar As per IEC
temperature
19. Operating duty of VCB O - 3s - CO – 3min – CO
20. General Construction - Panel shall be metal clad, free floor standing,
totally enclosed, dust and vermin proof.
- Each unit of the switchgear shall have
necessary internal sheet metal barrier to form
separate compartments for buses, instruments,
relays, cable connections

- Panel illumination and Panel space heater with

thermostat shall be provided
21. Control supply Circuit breaker closing, tripping, control and
indication power of the Switchgear panel shall be
connected from single source of 110 V DC supply.
22. Auxiliary Contacts The breaker shall have Minimum 4 NO + 4 NC
contacts and wired up to Terminal Box.
23. Tripping and closing Coils 1 No. of closing coil and 1 No. of tripping coil.
24. Live line indicator Live line indications with proven design shall be
provided at incoming and outgoing sides of all the
feeders and bus bars. No PT supply shall be used
for the above purpose.
25. CTs - Cast-resin insulated type with current density
not be more than 1000 amps/sq.inch.
- CTs may be of multi core type and limited to
maximum two cores.
- Bar primary type and shall be mounted on the
switchboard stationary part with suitable
approach for maintenance.
26. PTs - Cast-resin insulated type
- PTS shall have voltage factor of 1.2 times
continuous and 1.9 times for 8 hours.
27. Meters All meters as indicated in the power evacuation
single line diagram shall be provided.
28. The Indication Lamps shall
be provided following:
• Breaker ON
• Breaker OFF - RED
• Auto trip - GREEN
• Trip Circuit healthy - AMBER
• Spring Charged - WHITE
• Breaker in Test - BLUE
position - WHITE
• Breaker in Service - AMBER
Position
29. Protective relays All protective relays shall be back connected, draw
out type, suitable for flush mounting and fitted with
dust tight covers. All relays shall be mounted on
the front of the panel and shall be provided as per
SLD. The current and the voltage coils shall be
rated as per the requirement. All relays shall have

built-in flag / indicator to indicate operation. All

tripping relays shall be suitable to operate on the
specified DC voltage. All Protection relay shall be
of numerical type and auxiliary relays shall be of
electromagnetic type.
30. Wiring Internal wiring and inter-panel wiring for all circuits
shall be carried out with 1100/660 V grade, single
core, multi strand, PVC insulated copper conductor
wire of minimum 2.5 Sq.mm. Grey Colour for
control wiring shall be used. R, Y, B colour wiring
shall be used for PT and black colour shall be
used for neutral. Green colour wire shall be used
for earthing.
31. Terminal Blocks Terminal blocks for the LT connections shall be of
660V grade of stud type and of adequate current
rating with minimum 2.5Sq.mm. Disconnecting
type terminal blocks shall be provided for CT, PT
circuits.
32. Interlock Necessary interlock as per the statutory
requirement shall be provided.
33. Applicable standard IEC 62271-1, IEC 62271-200, IEC 62271-100
C. Testing Requirements
Testing Requirements All routine tests shall be carried out on the
switchgear as per relevant IS/IEC and test
certificates shall be submitted for the approval of
SunEdison.
Reports of type tests carried out on the similar

rating panel during the last five years shall be
submitted for the review of SunEdison.
D. Drawings / Documents to be submitted
Drawings / Document to be - General arrangement drawing including
sectional drawing
Submitted
- Guaranteed Technical Particulars
- Bus bar Sizing Calculation
- Single line diagram
- Control Schematic diagram for each
panel/feeder
- Bill of material with type reference and make
details
- Quality assurance plan

- TB Details
- Catalogues of all equipment
Tariff main metering will be accommodated in the control room on plant land. Trivector meter
that will be provided in the plant’s control building or as per KREDL’s requirement and will have
main and checking arrangement, and these will be agreed upon with KREDL. The tariff meters
will register import as well as export parameters. The ratings and characteristics of the circuit
breaker system will be as follows:
The reference maximum ambient Air temperature will be considered to be 50 deg. C. The
permissible temperature rise for various equipments offered will be derated accordingly.
The circuit breakers will be equipped with power operated mechanism to operate all the three
phases simultaneously using 220 / 240V universal motors operated spring closing mechanism
or magnetic actuator. The circuit breakers will also be provided with hand operated spring
closing mechanism or magnetic actuator. The Circuit Breaker will have electrical and
mechanical tripping arrangements under various conditions.
In case of spring closing mechanism no main spring of the mechanism will be plated, powder
coated or given any other treatment, to ensure that the spring property is not lost.
Adequate number of spare auxiliary switches/ contacts both of normally open and normally
close type but not less than four each will be provided on the circuit breaker for use in the
indication and controlling scheme of the circuit breaker.
The circuit breakers will be triple pole metal clad truck mounted horizontal drawout type
enclosed in cubicle made of CRCA sheet steel of minimum 2 mm thickness and will comply with
latest edition of relevant IS. The cubicle/panels will be vermin proof and dust tight. The cubicle
will be of folded type construction. Panel width will be 610 mm. ± 50 mm. The switchgears and
control gear will be complete with all necessary supporting frame work, nuts and bolts etc. for
securing the same to the floor. The operating mechanism will operate (close/open) all the three
phases simultaneously. The operating mechanism, links etc. will be accessible for maintenance.
Mechanical safety shutters will be provided between breaker and panel. Engagement and
disengagement of auxiliary supply will be automatically linked through the movement of the

truck so that in service condition auxiliary supply is automatically made. All six terminals will be
brought out of cubicle through appropriate class of cable termination and sealing kits. All the
breakers will be supplied with necessary clamps suitable for appropriate current ratings.
Suitable arrangement of earthing the switchgear and control gear panels will be provided. The
arcing contacts will be made of homogeneous special alloy so that surge voltages are reduced
to negligible level. All the connecting bus bar will be made of copper for these indoor circuit
breakers.
For indoor panels, SWITCHGEAR (circuit breakers, CTs, PTs etc.) and control gear (relays,
C&R panels meters etc.) will be mounted on the same panel. A set of air insulated electrolytic
copper bus bars with PVC sleeves or PVC insulation will be provided for all indoor switchgear
panels. The switchgear panels will be provided with the arrangement for extending the bus bar
and inter-connecting bus bars. Their supports, nuts and bolts etc. will be supplied loose. The
region of such inter connection will normally be blanked on panels. The bus bars will be of
electrolytic copper with permissible limits of current density. The bus bar conductor shall
conform to IS:8034. The bus bar will be rated for 25KA for 1 Seconds. Epoxy based powder
coated paints will be used for the panel cubicle.
6.7 Cables and Connectors
6.7.1 33kV HT Cables
33kV Grade, Al. Conductor XLPE cable will be used between outgoing feeder panel and
overhead mounting structure for termination of line. These cables will be laid on structural
supports and using Galvanized Cable trays of adequate strength. The cable will be terminated
using potheads of adequate size. The cable will confirm to the relevant IS standards.
6.7.2 LT Cables
Al. Conductor PVC Armoured Cables will be used for all LT Power Cables between Power &
Motor Control Cubicles, MCC, Respective feeders, etc. These cables will be laid on structural
supports and using Galvanized Cable trays of adequate strength. The cable will be terminated

using Al. Lugs of adequate cross section area. The PMCC’s and the MCC’s will be located in
the Basement with cable entry on top.
6.7.3 Control Cables
PVC Armoured Cables will be used for all control cables required for the Solar Power Plant.
These cables will be laid on structural supports and using Galvanized Cable trays of adequate
strength. The cable will be terminated using Cu. Lugs of adequate cross section area.
1. Cu. Conductor, PVC Armoured with miller insulation between each pair and tinned
copper screening. All cables will be PVC insulated with appropriate grade conforming to
IS.
2. The wiring for module inters connection will be with hard PVC conduit of approved make.
All Tees, Bends etc., will be approved make.
3. Only terminal cable joints will be used.
4. Cables inside the control room will be laid in suitable Cable Trays of approved type.
5. All wires used on the LT side will conform to IS and will be of appropriate voltage grade.
6. Only copper conductor wires of reputed make will be used.
7. Cable terminations will be made with suitable cable lugs & sockets etc., crimped properly
and passed through brass compression type cable glands at the entry and exit point of
the cubicles.
8. The panels’ bottoms will be properly sealed to prevent entry of snakes/lizard etc. inside
the panel.
9. All cable/wires will be marked with good quality letter and number ferrules of proper
sizes so that the cables can be identified easily.
The terminal end of cables and wires will be fitted with good quality letter and number ferrules of
proper sizes so that the cables can be identified easily.
Refer Annexure XIII and Annexure XIV for the technical specification of Cables and
connectors to be used at site.

6.8 Illumination System at Site
Indoor & Outdoor areas of all buildings inside the plant like Inverter rooms, Main Control Room
and Maintenance buildings will be illuminated through CFL based indoor illumination fittings.
The plant periphery and internal roads will be illuminated with 25W weather proof lighting, fitting
mounted on 3.0 meter pole, for road lighting with earthing spike. The height of the light pole has
been limited to 3.0 meter to avoid shadow on PV modules. The auxiliary power required for
meeting the illumination system loads will be fed through the auxiliary transformers planned at
each inverter room and main control room.
6.9 Plant Communication
The plant operators will be provided with Walkie-Talkie system, to ensure reliable
communication between operators, to ensure reliable operation of the plant.
6.10 Telephone System
Landline facility will be provided at the Main Control Room of the PV power plant, to
ensure communication with external agencies.

7. CIVIL WORKS
7.1 Geo Technical Investigations
Professional Geotechnical Engineering firm shall provide detailed Geotechnical investigation

report. The report shall contain soil profile for a depth of 5 meter, or till hard-strata has been
found. The report shall also contain electrical and thermal resitivity reports. Recommendations
on type of foundation shall also be provided by the geotechnical engineering firm.
7.2 Site Levelling Work
Site levelling work shall be conducted as per the module arrangement requirement. A site slope
of 5 degree is allowable, and hence the requirement of site levelling and grading is nominal for
the identified land.
7.3 Road
All internal roads to the inverter rooms shall be WBM of 3.5 meter wide. All weather transport
are as per PWD/IRC specifications. All other internal roads shall only levelled and graveled, with
a width of 3.5 meter for GOOD WEATHER transport.
7.4 Drainage Work
All drainage shall be designed as per “BEUREAU of INDIAN STANDARDS” , and shall have
proper storm water evacuation , with a minimum velocity of 0.6 m/sec. The stormwater drain
shall be connected to nearest natural drainage or to a public drainage with adequate capacity ,
since a solar plant is a Non-Polluting project. No treatment facility is envisaged.
The drainage design shall be as per requirements, and soil type. RCC drain is not envisaged.

7.5 Foundation Work
All foundation work shall be Reinforced Cement Concrete for buildings and Equipments, while
Concrete Mub Foundations with 300/350 mm diameter also may be proposed for Module
Mounting Structures.
7.6 Civil Work in Switchyard
Levelling and Grading shall be conducted as per requirement. All foundations shall be RCC,
designed as per Bureau of Indian Standards Specifications. Proper drainage and RCC trenches
shall follow
Refer Annexure XV for the drawings of architectural plan related to control room and inverter
room.

8. YIELD AT SITE
We predict the energy yield considering various vital parameters and a desktop site
assessment. We use the PVSYST photovoltaic simulation software, which simulates the energy
yield using hourly time steps. PVSYST takes as input details of the following:
• site resource
• solar PV modules specifications
• inverters specifications
• structure type specifications
The energy yield prediction involves,

1. Sourcing average monthly horizontal irradiation, wind speed and temperature data from
a variety of sources from land based meteorological stations like NASA. These data
have been assessed and judiciously selected for use in the energy yield simulation
software. Calculating the global incident radiation on the collector plane, taking into
account horizon shading.
2. Calculating the losses that occur during the process of converting irradiated solar energy
into AC electricity, using inverter specifications, PV module characteristics and the site
layout.
3. Applying downtime losses, module degradation and AC losses to obtain an energy yield
for a twenty-five year project life cycle.
4. Using statistical analysis of resource data to derive appropriate levels of uncertainty in
the energy yield prediction.
Using the Polycrystalline Silicon PV module, the expected energy production is estimated to be
1889 kWh / kWp per annum. Palavalli, Pavagada, Karnataka has one of the best insolation in
the state with a daily horizontal surface solar irradiation incidence between 5 and 6 kWh / sq.m.
Refer the Annexure VI for details on the energy generation at the site.
8.1 Losses Considered for Yield Calculation

PVSYST calculates the direct current (DC) electricity generated from the modules in hourly time
steps throughout the year. This direct current is converted to alternating current (AC) in an
inverter. A number of losses occur during the process of converting irradiated solar energy into

AC electricity. Some of these losses are calculated within the PVSYST software, whilst others
are assumed figures based on the performance of similar PV plants. The losses are described
in the following subsections. Shading Losses
These are losses arising due shade in the vicinity of the project caused by neighborhood
buildings, trees or hills. Three types of shading losses have been considered in the PVSYST
model:
Near Shading:
a) Horizon shading.
If the site (based on the satellite imagery) is quite flat with no hills in the vicinity, horizon shading
is expected to be insignificant.
b) Shading from trees and buildings
If the site does not have any large/tall structures or buildings nearby nor large/tall trees on the
East, South or West sides of the site that may shade the modules as the sun moves through the
day or over the seasons.
c) Inter-row shading between rows.
By simulating the celestial motion of the sun in hourly time steps throughout the year, PVSYST
calculates the annual loss due to inter-row shading. The distance between the rows is
determined by analyzing various parameters such as the height at which the panels are
mounted, the angle to the horizon, etc. and it is ensured that one row of panels do not produce
any shading on the subsequent row of panels.
8.1.1 Incident Angle Losses

The incidence angle loss or “Incidence Angle Modifier” (IAM) accounts for losses in radiation
penetrating the front glass of the PV modules due to angles of incidence other than
perpendicular. This loss is derived from the ratio of direct and diffuse radiation, sun angles and
the tilt of the modules.

8.1.2 Low Irradiance Loss

The conversion efficiency of a PV module reduces at low light intensities. This causes a loss in
the output of a module compared with the standard conditions at which the modules are tested
(1000 W / m2). This “low irradiance loss” depends on the characteristics of the module and the
intensity of the incident radiation. The low irradiance loss is calculated within the PVSYST
simulations.
8.1.3 Module Temperature

The characteristics of a PV module are determined at standard temperature conditions of 25°C.
For every °C temperature rise above 25°C there is reduction in performance of modules. This
temperature dependent performance differs for different PV technologies. The performance of
crystalline silicon module reduces by ~ 0.45% and that of CdTe module reduces by ~ 0.25%
(based on module temperature). In high ambient temperatures under strong irradiance, module
temperatures can rise substantially. Wind can provide some cooling effect; simulated wind
speed data is used in PVSYST models to determine this loss.
8.1.4 Module Quality

Most PV modules do not match exactly the manufacturer’s nominal specifications. Modules are
sold with a nominal peak power and a given tolerance within which the actual power is
guaranteed to lie. In practice PV modules usually lie below the nominal power but within the
tolerance.
The module quality loss quantifies the impact on energy yield due to difference in the actual
module characteristics from the specification.
8.1.5 Module Mismatch

Modules are mass-produced; and although we may segregate these to produce a nominal
wattage from each batch of modules, there is small variation in the wattage due to
manufacturing steps. These modules may be mounted and connected to one string. Losses due
to such a “mismatch” are related to the fact that the real modules in an array do not all strictly
present the same current/voltage profiles. This gives rise to a power loss, which is quantified by

the module mismatch yield loss factor. A mismatch loss factor has been estimated, based on
the performance of similar PV power plants. It is taken as a constant during the simulation.
8.1.6 DC Cable Resistance

Electrical resistance in the wires between the power available at the modules and at the
terminals of the array gives rise to ohmic losses (I²R). This loss increases as temperatures
exceed 25°C. If cable is correctly sized this loss should be less than 2% annually. A general
wiring loss fraction of 1.5% at standard test conditions is assumed.
8.1.7 Inverter Performance

The inverters used at any PV plant convert from DC power into AC power with a maximum
efficiency of 98.7%. However, depending on the inverter load, they will not always operate at
maximum efficiency. For each project, the conversion efficiency values are taken from the
specifications of the inverter used in that plant. PV Syst constructs a profile considering the
power threshold indicated by the inverter manufacturer to arrive at the annual inverter
performance.
8.1.8 AC Losses
AC wiring, when correctly sized should lead to losses generally less than 1.5%. Larger losses
may arise in the transformers but should generally total less than 3%. Resistance losses in the
cable leading to the substation will depend on the transmission voltage, the distance to the
substation and the location of the metering system.
8.1.9 Downtime
Downtime depends on the diagnostic response time, stock of spare equipment and the repair
response time. A yield loss factor of 0.995 is suitable for quantifying this loss, based on typical
performance of similar PV plants.
8.1.10 Soiling
In order to produce maximum energy on any given day, it is best to keep the panels clean at all
times. However, environmental conditions, such as sandy surrounding in a windy area may

deposit dust on to the panels; there may also be other uncontrollable soiling (such as bird
dropping) falling on the panels. These may lead to losses till the modules are cleaned. The
cleaning of modules will depend on the rainfall and cleaning strategy defined in the O & M
contract; thus it may not be possible to retain the panels clean all the time. This loss can be
relatively large compared to other loss factors but is usually less than 2%. Unless a particularly
robust cleaning strategy is employed, the soiling loss for horizontally mounted modules may be
expected to be higher than modules that are inclined, as inclined modules will benefit more from
the cleaning effect of rainwater run-off.
8.1.11 Degradation
The performance of a PV module can decrease over time. The degradation rate is typically
higher in the first year upon initial exposure to light and then stabilizes. The extent of
degradation and the process by which it occurs varies between module technologies. An initial
degradation loss of 1% for crystalline modules and 0.7% for CdTe has been applied based on
the experience that has been collected from the operational plants.
The initial degradation occurs due to defects in the cell, which are activated on exposure to light.
The subsequent degradation occurs at the module level and may be caused by:
• Effect of the environment on the surface of the module e.g. pollution

• Lamination defects
• Mechanical stress and dampness on the contacts
• Cell contact breakdown
• Wiring degradation
• Factors affecting the degree of degradation include the quality of materials used in
manufacture, the manufacturing process, and also the O&M regime employed at the
site.

Table 1: Summary of Losses Explanation & Values Considered during Simulation

Loss Description Explanation Considered Loss
Near Shading Loss due to horizon shading, shading To achieve <1%.
Factor on Global from trees and building and inter-row
shading.
IAM factor on global Losses due to angle of incidence Default Setting (from PVSyst)
(reflections)
PV loss due to Losses due to module efficiency at lower PV Module data input as per
irradiance level irradiance is lower than at STC Module data sheet
PV loss due to module efficiency at higher cell PV Module data input as per
temperature temperatures is lower than at STC Module data sheet and Site
temperature effect this loss

9. OPERATION & MAINTENANCE
SunEdison Services manages over 3 GWs of project around the world. Successful management
of a solar installation starts with a holistic view of local plants and utility networks, backed by in-
depth analysis, expertise and best practices. Providing much more than monitoring and support
services, SunEdison assumes a proactive role as an asset manager.
Our responsibilities span across 3 different verticals
• Field Services
• Remote Monitoring Services
• Asset Management Services
9.1 Field Service

Effective, preventative and corrective maintenance is the key to the long-term operation of a
solar installation. SunEdison Field Services cover all electrical and mechanical components,
including arrays, inverters, trackers, combiners, racking and wiring. Our own personnel and
certified partners painstakingly examine key components of every installation to discover and
resolve issues well before they can impact production.
Cleaning and vegetation control are

also essential to increasing
production and protecting asset
longevity. Solar systems can
experience significant production
losses through shading and
permanent damage from vegetation
if they are left unattended. But with
regular cleaning and system
production can be increased by up
to 10 to 30 percent.

The work flow of Field Services starts with creating an annual operating plan that covers the
list of activities by each field personnel on a daily basis in compliance with,
• Applicable local laws

• EPC and O&M Warranties
• Prudent industry maintenance practices.
A sample annual operating plan
9.1.1 Technical Services

SunEdison Services maintains logs, records, reports and document the maintenance
activities.
For each electrical, mechanical and structural component, standardized checklists are
followed by well trained technicians and site engineers. These checklists are diligently filed
and recorded for future reference.

A sample list of checklists along with major component of technical services is shown below
• Module cleanings with water

and squeegees
• Electrical Tune up per
warranty maintenance
requirements
• Mechanical Tune up
• Response calls for unexpected outages
• Assistance to Monitoring of the plant
• Immediate service team response
for meeting emergency
• Shutdowns from utility for
maintenance purpose.
• Servicing of Outage work orders initiated
by monitoring system
• Waste Garbage disposal, maintenance
of restrooms and other facilities, water
supply, dust containment, maintenance
of communications, including but not
limited T1 lines and phone lines
necessary for remote monitoring
• Assisting with maintaining all permits
necessary for the ongoing operation of
the plant.
Refer Annexure XVII for the module cleaning requirements at site.
9.1.2 Manpower Service
We also mobilize necessary man power for the operation and maintenance of the plant
including security continuously or on ad-hoc basis. We employ fully qualified, experienced
and licensed personnel to perform the services in accordance with Applicable Laws, including
the Minimum Wages Act 1948, the Workmen's Compensation Act 1923, the Contract Labour
(Regulation and Abolition) Act 1970, and the Inter-state Migrant Workmen Act 1979. The
total man power will be adjusted based on the need and project scope required by
client. For a typical MWp size plants, SunEdison services will offer no less than following
resources,

• One certified electrical / instrumentation technician (for 12 hours; 6 days a

week)
• Two assistants (for 12 hours; 6 days a week)
• two guards (24 hours, 7 days a week)
9.2 Remote Monitoring Services
SunEdison maintains
three renewable
operations centres
(ROCs) to support and
deliver comprehensive
coverage of service
operations. Located in
Chennai, Madrid, and
Belmont, our facilities
are staffed by trained
technicians and provide
extensive monitoring on
a 24x7 basis.
Our responsibilities and coverage include,
• Data Acquisition
• Monitoring
• Alerts and Response
• Field Service support
• Analysis
• Reporting
• Warranty claims management
• Day-ahead forecasting and utility scheduling submissions

• Periodic generation reports to State/ Central utilities
SunEdison Services also maintains an extensive database of system performance and

product information for our own products, as well as third-party components. We employ
repeatable best practices across multi-vendor environments to deliver a management
experience that is second to none in the industry. All of SunEdison’s ROC facilities are
configured for full redundancy and seamless failover, regardless of location. This global
reach enables our organization to constantly monitor our entire fleet, keep processes
running smoothly and maximize production at times.
In the event of an outage, SunEdison takes immediate action:
• The ROC identifies, confirms, and prioritizes the issue, creates a service ticket, and
dispatches a crew to the site.
• Local field staff works quickly onsite to resolve the issue.
• Field Staff relationships with vendors provide flexibility for warranty repairs
• ROC / Energy Analytics ensure that the issue is not proliferated across all other
projects.
The lessons learned are applied to cross-function processes such as procurement, legal,
Quality etc.

9.2.1 SEEDS Platform
SunEdison Services deliver world class O&M services via its in house built platform called
SEEDS – SunEdison Energy & Environmental Data System. Deployed onsite, SEEDS collects
and transmits system performance to SunEdison monitoring teams and customers. SEEDS
gateway has been tested in variety of environments across the world. We monitor the full range
of components and systems within a solar installation, including:
• Weather stations
• Pyranometers
• Ambient temperature sensors
• Panel temperature sensors
• Inverters
• String Combiners
• Re-combiners
• AC subsystems
What sets us apart is our ability to collect data from all of these devices together, then apply
sophisticated analytics, reporting, and presentation capabilities to transform raw metrics into
usable information. The result is a rich view of the potential of a power plant that can
reveal operational issues and show better ways to maximize its production.
Our end-to-end monitoring is enabled by two role-based browser applications, including:
• Service Operation dashboard
• Client Connect

9.2.2 Client Connect Application
On the client side, an online monitoring

portal provides live access to an
extensive array of system data
including:
• Detailed Tracking of Energy

Production
• Measurement of Environmental
and Economic Savings
• Fleet, Fund, and Site Views
• Localized Language Support for
English, Spanish, Italian and Greek.
9.3 Asset Management Services
In a challenging economic environment, getting the most out of every investment is more
important than ever for our customers. Hence robust reporting is an important part of developing
complete insight into the performance of a solar installation, as well as maintaining investor
relations and regulatory compliance.
9.3.1 State Utility Compliance
SunEdison with its experience in different regions has well defined knowledge of processes
followed by state utilities, distribution companies in each state. Regulatory compliance
services cover following,
• Energy forecast and monthly accrual.

• Joint Meter reading
• Monthly generation details to government authorities.
• Day ahead schedule submission

1. By end of each month, using our

SEEDS metering, SunEdison shall
offer expected energy generation
before JMR dates which can be
utilized for capturing revenue accrual
purposes.
2. In Utility scale plants where the client has a

‘Power Purchase Agreement’ with state utilities, we
support monthly Joint Meter Reading along with
state utility authorities. The scanned copies of the
JMR are sent to Client’s office along with original
copies couriered in time. This helps client to submit
their energy invoices in time and recognize
revenues in time.
3. Many governments track the performance

of solar power plants in their country to
understand the effectiveness of their solar
policies and use this data to plan for
future solar regulations. In India, the PV
developer has to submit on a monthly basis
to MNRE about various plant performance
parameters. SunEdison helps to comply
with this requirement in time to avoid any
penalties, if any
Distribution utilities always had the complex

task o f distributing power according to the
Needs and maintain grid frequency as per central grid regulations. All Solar power
developers have to submit day ahead production schedule on a daily basis to state load

dispatch center. SunEdison with its internal forecasting techniques has the capability to
submit this schedule in time.
9.3.2 Reporting Services

SunEdison offer a variety of advanced reporting capabilities, published monthly or quarterly
or annually and accessible through an online reporting portal. We can also perform ad-hoc
reporting and a deep dive analysis of projects that may not be meeting expectations
enabling our customers to proactively manage their assets for maximum return.
The performance reports carry following industry standard metrics that displays the actual
performance of the plant adjusted for weather conditions like insolation and temperature
• Actual Insolation
• Expected Insolation
• Actual Energy produced
• Expected energy by Independent
Engineers or internal estimates
• Actual Performance Ratio
(a d j u s t e d for temperature and Grid)
• Expected Performance Ratio
• Investor Performance Ratio
• Weather Performance Ratio
• Availability
• CUF
9.3.3 Warranty Claims and Spares Management

From the effective date, SunEdison maintains an adequate stock of spare parts as may be
required for the services. The customer will get a periodic update on the inventory of spare parts
used and available. In addition, SunEdison also supports customers with warranty claims. This
can include carrying out necessary tests, preparing appropriate reports, technical engagement
with vendors to ensure claims are processed in a fair manner.

9.4 Conclusion
SunEdison is a global energy leader. We offer technological solutions adapted to the specific
needs of our customers, seeking to offer global energy solutions to the world´s increasing
energy demand.
Technology: We are technology agnostic. We have developed a strong program to select

every component for reliable performance and long life. At SunEdison, we have access to the
latest solar PV technologies. Our parent company SunEdison (formerly known as MEMC) is one
of the top producers of semiconductor and solar grade Polysilicon in the world – an essential
ingredient in solar panels. We deploy proprietary state-of-the-art performance monitoring
technologies for real-time performance management of our plants. We also have expertise in
using Ideematec trackers for better yield.
Execution: Our execution capabilities are unmatched. We have commissioned numerous utility
scale projects across a wide range of facilities, including university campuses, water treatment
plants, state institutions, and a large spectrum of commercial and industrial buildings. Our 100
MW plant with more than 310,000 photovoltaic modules spread over 280 hectares in Copiapo;
Atacama Desert was built in just 6 months. It is the reason why more than 40% of our
commercial and utility customers have more than one SunEdison system installed and over
90% of customers are repeat customers.
Financing: - Our Indian operations: We have invested/investing close to $750 million and
raised/raising debt close to $600 million in the countries in this region. In India alone, SunEdison
has already invested close to $52 million as equity in multiple projects. We have raised 100%
non-recourse debt funding for our 80 MW IPP projects in India - close to US$120 million. We
also maintain strong working relationships with numerous banks and financial institutions – both
domestic and international – to help fund our projects.

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Ref: SAM code IN-12-0324 & IN-13-0521

DETAILED PROJECT REPORT

30 MW DC Grid connected Solar PV Projects

Submitted to :L & T Infra

1.1 METEOROLOGICAL DATA ..................................................................................................... 8

1.2 PROJECT SITE .................................................................................................................. 10

1.3 TYPE OF PLANT ................................................................................................................ 12

1.4 PROJECT COMPLETION SCHEDULE .................................................................................... 13

1.5 OPERATION & MAINTENANCE (O&M) ................................................................................. 13

2. PROJECT NECESSITY AND JUSTIFICATION ............................................................. 15

2.1 INDIA’S POWER SCENARIO ................................................................................................ 15

2.2 INDIA’S SOLAR MISSION .................................................................................................... 16

2.3 POLICY AND REGULATORY FRAMEWORK ............................................................................ 17

2.4 STATE SPECIFIC INITIATIVE................................................................................................ 18

2.5 JUSTIFICATION FOR THE PROJECT ..................................................................................... 20

3. LAND AVAILABILITY AND SITE SELECTION .............................................................. 22

4. ASSESSMENT OF SOLAR TECHNOLOGIES............................................................... 24

4.1 KEY TECHNOLOGY PROVIDERS.......................................................................................... 26

4.2 ADHERENCE TO TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION ....................................................................... 27

5. SYSTEM DESIGN .......................................................................................................... 28

5.1 OUR DESIGN PHILOSOPHY ................................................................................................ 29

6. PROPOSED SYSTEM COMPONENTS.......................................................................... 31

6.1 PV MODULES ................................................................................................................... 31

6.2 MODULE MOUNTING STRUCTURE ...................................................................................... 34

6.2.1 Fixed Tilt System ............................................................................................................ 34

6.2.2 SAT (Single Axis Solar Trackers) .................................................................................... 35

6.2.2.1 Benefits of using Single Axis Tracker ....................................................................... 42

2 CONFIDENTIAL & PROPRIETARY – COMPETITIVELY SENSITIVE

6.2.3 Dual Axis Solar Trackers................................................................................................. 45

6.3 POWER CONDITIONING UNIT / INVERTER ............................................................................ 45

6.4 JUNCTION BOX / COMBINER BOX ....................................................................................... 48

6.5 MONITORING SYSTEM ....................................................................................................... 48

6.5.1 SEEDSTM Gateway – Features ....................................................................................... 50

6.5.2 Web Based Monitoring .................................................................................................... 50

6.5.3 Weather Station .............................................................................................................. 52

6.6 POWER EVACUATION INFRASTRUCTURE............................................................................. 53

6.6.1 Evacuation Power Line ................................................................................................... 53

6.6.2 Plant Feeder at Grid Substation ...................................................................................... 54

6.6.3 Switchyard ...................................................................................................................... 54

6.6.4 LT Power Interfacing Panel ............................................................................................. 54

6.6.5 Transformers .................................................................................................................. 55

6.6.6 Switchgear ...................................................................................................................... 58

6.7 CABLES AND CONNECTORS ............................................................................................... 63

6.7.1 33kV HT Cables .............................................................................................................. 63

6.7.2 LT Cables ....................................................................................................................... 63

6.7.3 Control Cables ................................................................................................................ 64

6.8 ILLUMINATION SYSTEM AT SITE .......................................................................................... 65

6.9 PLANT COMMUNICATION ................................................................................................... 65

6.10 TELEPHONE SYSTEM ........................................................................................................ 65

7. CIVIL WORKS ................................................................................................................ 66

7.1 GEO TECHNICAL INVESTIGATIONS ...................................................................................... 66

7.2 SITE LEVELLING W ORK ..................................................................................................... 66

7.4 DRAINAGE W ORK ............................................................................................................. 66

3 CONFIDENTIAL & PROPRIETARY – COMPETITIVELY SENSITIVE

7.5 FOUNDATION W ORK ......................................................................................................... 67

7.6 CIVIL W ORK IN SWITCHYARD ............................................................................................. 67

8. YIELD AT SITE .............................................................................................................. 68

8.1 Losses Considered for Yield Calculation ......................................................................... 68

8.1.1 Shading Losses .............................................................................................................. 69