P A R T 2

AC CIRCUITS
Chapter 9 Sinusoids and Phasors

Chapter 10 Sinusoidal Steady-State Analysis

Chapter 11 AC Power Analysis

Chapter 12 Three-Phase Circuits

Chapter 13 Magnetically Coupled Circuits

Chapter 14 Frequency Response

351
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 Section 9.5 Impedance and Admittance
9.29 If vs = 5 cos 2t V in the circuit of Fig. 9.42,
find vo .

2Ω 0.25 F

+
vs + 1H vo
−
−

Figure 9.42 For Prob. 9.29.

9.30 Find ix when is = 2 sin 5t A is supplied to the

circuit in Fig. 9.43.

ix

is 2Ω 1H 0.2 F

Figure 9.43 For Prob. 9.30.

9.31 Find i(t) and v(t) in each of the circuits of Fig. 9.44.

i
+
1
10 cos(3t + 45°) A 4Ω 6 F v
−

(a)

i
8Ω
4Ω
50 cos 4t V +
− +
1 v 3H
12 F −

(b)

Figure 9.44 For Prob. 9.31.

9.32 Calculate i1 (t) and i2 (t) in the circuit of Fig. 9.45 if

the source frequency is 60 Hz.
2Ω
8Ω
+
5 mF
+ i1 i2
50 cos vt V − vo
40 0° V + j5 Ω −j10 Ω
20 mH −
−

Figure 9.41 For Prob. 9.28. Figure 9.45 For Prob. 9.32.
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388 PART 2 AC Circuits

9.33 In the circuit of Fig. 9.46, find io when: i 5Ω 5 mF

(a) ω = 1 rad/s (b) ω = 5 rad/s
(c) ω = 10 rad/s
+ 4Ω 3Ω
6 cos 200t V − 10 mH
io 1H

Figure 9.50 For Prob. 9.37.

4 cos vt V +
− 2Ω 0.05 F
9.38 Find current Io in the network of Fig. 9.51.

2Ω j4 Ω
Figure 9.46 For Prob. 9.33. Io

5 0° A −j2 Ω −j2 Ω 2Ω
9.34 Find v(t) in the RLC circuit of Fig. 9.47.

1Ω
Figure 9.51 For Prob. 9.38.
1Ω + 9.39 If is = 5 cos(10t + 40◦ ) A in the circuit in Fig. 9.52,
+ 1F v
10 cos t V − find io .
−
1H
4Ω 3Ω
io
Figure 9.47 For Prob. 9.34.
0.2 H is 0.1 F

9.35 Calculate vo (t) in the circuit in Fig. 9.48.

Figure 9.52 For Prob. 9.39.

50 Ω
30 Ω 9.40 Find vs (t) in the circuit of Fig. 9.53 if the current ix
through the 1- resistor is 0.5 sin 200t A.

50 mF + ix
+ vo(t) 2Ω 1Ω
60 sin 200t V − 0.1 H
−

vs +
− j2 Ω −j1 Ω

Figure 9.48 For Prob. 9.35.

9.36 Determine io (t) in the RLC circuit of Fig. 9.49. Figure 9.53 For Prob. 9.40.

9.41 If the voltage vo across the 2- resistor in the circuit

io of Fig. 9.54 is 10 cos 2t V, obtain is .
1H
4 cos 2t A 1Ω 0.1 F 0.5 H
1F
+
is 1Ω vo 2Ω
−
Figure 9.49 For Prob. 9.36.

9.37 Calculate i(t) in the circuit of Fig. 9.50. Figure 9.54 For Prob. 9.41.
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 CHAPTER 9 Sinusoids and Phasors 389

9.42 If Vo = 8 30◦ V in the circuit of Fig. 9.55,

find Is .
−j5 Ω

+
Is 10 Ω 5Ω j5 Ω Vo
−

Figure 9.55 For Prob. 9.42.

9.43 In the circuit of Fig. 9.56, find Vs if Io = 2 0◦ A.

−j2 Ω Vs −j1 Ω
+−
Io

2Ω j4 Ω j2 Ω 1Ω

Figure 9.56 For Prob. 9.43.

9.44 Find Z in the network of Fig. 9.57, given that

Vo = 4 0◦ V.

12 Ω
Z
+
20 −90° V +
− −j4 Ω j8 Ω Vo
−

Figure 9.57 For Prob. 9.44.

Section 9.7 Impedance Combinations

9.45 At ω = 50 rad/s, determine Zin for each of the
circuits in Fig. 9.58.
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PROBLEMS
Section 10.2 Nodal Analysis 10.4 Compute vo (t) in the circuit of Fig. 10.53.
10.1 Find vo in the circuit in Fig. 10.50.

ix 1H 0.25 F

3Ω 1H
+
+ 1Ω vo
16 sin (4t – 10°) V − 0.5i x
+ −
+ 1F vo +
10 cos(t – 45°) V − − 5 sin(t + 30°) V
−
Figure 10.53 For Prob. 10.4.

Figure 10.50 For Prob. 10.1.

10.5 Use nodal analysis to find vo in the circuit of Fig.
10.54.
10.2 For the circuit depicted in Fig. 10.51 below,
determine io .
10.3 Determine vo in the circuit of Fig. 10.52. 20 Ω 50 mF 10 mH

io
+
10 cos 103t V + 20 Ω 30 Ω vo
1
F − 4io
4Ω 12 2H −

+
+
16 sin 4t V − vo 1Ω 2 cos 4t A 6Ω Figure 10.54 For Prob. 10.5.
−

10.6 Using nodal analysis, find io (t) in the circuit in Fig.

Figure 10.52 For Prob. 10.3. 10.55.

10 Ω

io

20 sin 10t – 4 V +
( )
− 1H 0.02 F 4 cos 10t – 3 A
( )

Figure 10.51 For Prob. 10.2.

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 CHAPTER 10 Sinusoidal Steady-State Analysis 423

0.25 F 2H 10.9 Solve for the current I in the circuit of Fig. 10.58
using nodal analysis.

2Ω 1H 5 0° A

io
+ 0.5 F j1 Ω
8 sin (2t + 30°) V − cos 2t A 2Ω

I
20 –90° V +
− –j2 Ω 2I 4Ω
Figure 10.55 For Prob. 10.6.

10.7 By nodal analysis, find io in the circuit in Fig. 10.56.

Figure 10.58 For Prob. 10.9.

10.10 Using nodal analysis, find V1 and V2 in the circuit

2io of Fig. 10.59.

10 Ω
10 Ω
io V1 –j5 Ω V2
20 sin1000t A 20 Ω 50 mF 10 mH

j2 A 20 Ω j10 Ω 1+jA

Figure 10.56 For Prob. 10.7.

Figure 10.59 For Prob. 10.10.

10.8 Calculate the voltage at nodes 1 and 2 in the circuit 10.11 By nodal analysis, obtain current Io in the circuit in
of Fig. 10.57 using nodal analysis. Fig. 10.60.

j4 Ω
j4 Ω 1Ω
Io 2Ω
+
20 30° A 100 20° V −
1 2 3Ω –j2 Ω

–j2 Ω 10 Ω j2 Ω –j5 Ω
Figure 10.60 For Prob. 10.11.

10.12 Use nodal analysis to obtain Vo in the circuit of Fig.

Figure 10.57 For Prob. 10.8. 10.61 below.

8Ω j6 Ω 4Ω j5 Ω

+ +
4 45° A Vx 2Ω 2Vx –j1 Ω –j2 Ω Vo
− −

Figure 10.61 For Prob. 10.12.

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424 PART 2 AC Circuits

10.13 Obtain Vo in Fig. 10.62 using nodal analysis. Section 10.3 Mesh Analysis
10.17 Obtain the mesh currents I1 and I2 in the circuit of
Fig. 10.66.
j2 Ω

C1 R
12 0° V
4Ω
+−
+ Vs + I1 I2 L
− C2
2Ω Vo –j4 Ω 0.2Vo
−

Figure 10.66 For Prob. 10.17.

Figure 10.62 For Prob. 10.13.

10.14 Refer to Fig. 10.63. If vs (t) = Vm sin ωt and 10.18 Solve for io in Fig. 10.67 using mesh analysis.
vo (t) = A sin(ωt + φ), derive the expressions for A
and φ. 4Ω 2H

io
R
10 cos 2t V +
− 0.25 F +
− 6 sin 2t V
+
vs(t) + L C vo(t)
−
−
Figure 10.67 For Prob. 10.18.

Figure 10.63 For Prob. 10.14.

10.19 Rework Prob. 10.5 using mesh analysis.
10.15 For each of the circuits in Fig. 10.64, find Vo /Vi for 10.20 Using mesh analysis, find I1 and I2 in the circuit of
ω = 0, ω → ∞, and ω2 = 1/LC. Fig. 10.68.

j10 Ω 40 Ω
R L R C

+ + + +
40 30° V +
−
I1 –j20 Ω I2 +
− 50 0° V
Vi C Vo Vi L Vo

− − − −

(a) (b) Figure 10.68 For Prob. 10.20.

Figure 10.64 For Prob. 10.15. 10.21 By using mesh analysis, find I1 and I2 in the circuit
depicted in Fig. 10.69.
10.16 For the circuit in Fig. 10.65, determine Vo /Vs .
j4 Ω 3Ω

R1
2Ω
3Ω I1 I2 j2 Ω
R2 +
j1 Ω
Vs +
− C Vo
L − +−
30 20° V –j6 Ω

Figure 10.65 For Prob. 10.16. Figure 10.69 For Prob. 10.21.
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 CHAPTER 10 Sinusoidal Steady-State Analysis 425

10.22 Repeat Prob. 10.11 using mesh analysis. Io

10.23 Use mesh analysis to determine current Io in the
circuit of Fig. 10.70 below.
2 0° A 2Ω +
− 10 90° V
j2 Ω –j4 Ω
10.24 Determine Vo and Io in the circuit of Fig. 10.71
using mesh analysis.
1Ω 4 0° A 1Ω

j4 Ω

+
Io Figure 10.73 For Prob. 10.29.

4 –30° A 2Ω Vo 3Vo + –j2 Ω

−
−
Section 10.4 Superposition Theorem
10.30 Find io in the circuit shown in Fig. 10.74 using
superposition.
Figure 10.71 For Prob. 10.24.

10.25 Compute I in Prob. 10.9 using mesh analysis.

10.26 Use mesh analysis to find Io in Fig. 10.28 (for
Example 10.10).
10.27 Calculate Io in Fig. 10.30 (for Practice Prob. 10.10)
using mesh analysis.
10.28 Compute Vo in the circuit of Fig. 10.72 using mesh
analysis.

j4 Ω –j3 Ω

+
4 90° A 2Ω Vo + 12 0° V
−
2Ω − 2Ω

2 0° A

Figure 10.72 For Prob. 10.28.

10.29 Using mesh analysis, obtain Io in the circuit shown

in Fig. 10.73.

80 Ω Io j60 Ω 20 Ω

100 120° V +
− –j40 Ω –j40 Ω +
− 60 –30° V

Figure 10.70 For Prob. 10.23.

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 a

Figure 11.51 For Prob. 11.18.

Section 11.4 Effective or RMS Value

11.19 Find the rms value of the periodic signal in Fig.
11.52.
v(t)

15

0 2 4 6 8 t

Figure 11.52 For Prob. 11.19.

11.20 Determine the rms value of the waveform in Fig.

11.53.
v(t)

0
1 2 3 4 t
−5

Figure 11.53 For Prob. 11.20.

11.21 Find the effective value of the voltage waveform in

Fig. 11.54.

v(t)

10

0 2 4 6 8 10 t

Figure 11.54 For Prob. 11.21.

11.22 Calculate the rms value of the current waveform of

Fig. 11.55.
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 CHAPTER 11 AC Power Analysis 469

i(t) i(t)

10t 2
5
10

0 5 10 15 20 25 t
0 1 2 3 4 5 t
Figure 11.55 For Prob. 11.22.
Figure 11.59 For Prob. 11.26.

11.23 Find the rms value of the voltage waveform of Fig.

11.56 as well as the average power absorbed by a 11.27 Determine the effective value of the periodic
2- resistor when the voltage is applied across the waveform in Fig. 11.60.
resistor.
v(t) i(t)
8 10

0 2 5 7 10 12 t
0 1 2 3 4 5 t
Figure 11.56 For Prob. 11.23.
Figure 11.60 For Prob. 11.27.

11.24 Calculate the effective value of the current

waveform in Fig. 11.57 and the average power 11.28 One cycle of a periodic voltage waveform is depicted
delivered to a 12- resistor when the current runs in Fig. 11.61. Find the effective value of the voltage.
through the resistor.

i(t) v(t)

10 30

20
0
5 10 15 20 25 30 t
10
−10

Figure 11.57 For Prob. 11.24. 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 t

11.25 Compute the rms value of the waveform depicted in Figure 11.61 For Prob. 11.28.
Fig. 11.58.
v(t) Section 11.5 Apparent Power and Power
Factor
2
11.29 A relay coil is connected to a 210-V, 50-Hz supply.
If it has a resistance of 30  and an inductance of
0 0.5 H, calculate the apparent power and the power
2 4 6 8 10 t
−1 factor.
11.30 A certain load comprises 12 − j 8  in parallel with
Figure 11.58 For Prob. 11.25. j 4 . Determine the overall power factor.
11.31 Obtain the power factor for each of the circuits in
11.26 Obtain the rms value of the current waveform shown Fig. 11.62. Specify each power factor as leading or
in Fig. 11.59. lagging.
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470 PART 2 AC Circuits

4Ω j5 Ω 11.37 Obtain the overall impedance for the following

cases:
(a) P = 1000 W, pf = 0.8 (leading),
−j2 Ω −j2 Ω
Vrms = 220 V
(b) P = 1500 W, Q = 2000 VAR (inductive),
Irms = 12 A
(a)
(c) S = 4500 60◦ VA, V = 120 45◦ V
−j1 Ω 4Ω
11.38 For the entire circuit in Fig. 11.63, calculate:
(a) the power factor
1Ω j2 Ω j1 Ω (b) the average power delivered by the source
(c) the reactive power
(d) the apparent power
(b)
(e) the complex power
Figure 11.62 For Prob. 11.31.

Section 11.6 Complex Power 2Ω

11.32 A load draws 5 kVAR at a power factor of 0.86

(leading) from a 220-V rms source. Calculate the −j5 Ω j6 Ω
peak current and the apparent power supplied to the 16 45° V +
−
load.
10 Ω 8Ω
11.33 For the following voltage and current phasors,
calculate the complex power, apparent power, real
power, and reactive power. Specify whether the pf is
leading or lagging. Figure 11.63 For Prob. 11.38.
(a) V = 220 30◦ V rms, I = 0.5 60◦ A rms
(b) V = 250 − 10◦ V rms,
Section 11.7 Conservation of AC Power
I = 6.2 − 25◦ A rms
(c) V = 120 0◦ V rms, I = 2.4 − 15◦ A rms 11.39 For the network in Fig. 11.64, find the complex
power absorbed by each element.
(d) V = 160 45◦ V rms, I = 8.5 90◦ A rms
11.34 For each of the following cases, find the complex
power, the average power, and the reactive power: −j3 Ω
(a) v(t) = 112 cos(ωt + 10◦ ) V, 8 −20° V + j5 Ω
−
i(t) = 4 cos(ωt − 50◦ ) A 4Ω
(b) v(t) = 160 cos 377t V,
i(t) = 4 cos(377t + 45◦ ) A
(c) V = 80 60◦ V rms, Z = 50 30◦  Figure 11.64 For Prob. 11.39.
(d) I = 10 60◦ V rms, Z = 100 45◦ 
11.35 Determine the complex power for the following 11.40 Find the complex power absorbed by each of the
cases: five elements in the circuit of Fig. 11.65.
(a) P = 269 W, Q = 150 VAR (capacitive)
(b) Q = 2000 VAR, pf = 0.9 (leading) −j20 Ω j10 Ω
(c) S = 600 VA, Q = 450 VAR (inductive)
(d) Vrms = 220 V, P = 1 kW, 40 0° V rms + 20 Ω + 50 90° V rms
− −
|Z| = 40  (inductive)
11.36 Find the complex power for the following cases:
(a) P = 4 kW, pf = 0.86 (lagging) Figure 11.65 For Prob. 11.40.
(b) S = 2 kVA, P = 1.6 kW (capacitive)
(c) Vrms = 208 20◦ V, Irms = 6.5 − 50◦ A
11.41 Obtain the complex power delivered by the source in
(d) Vrms = 120 30◦ V, Z = 40 + j 60  the circuit of Fig. 11.66.
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 CHAPTER 11 AC Power Analysis 471

3Ω j4 Ω

2 30° Α 5Ω −j2 Ω 6Ω

Figure 11.66 For Prob. 11.41.

11.42 For the circuit in Fig. 11.67, find the average,

reactive, and complex power delivered by the
dependent voltage source.
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472 PART 2 AC Circuits

(b) What is the average power dissipated?

(c) What is the value of the capacitance that will
give a unity power factor when connected to the
load?

120 V +
− C Z = 10 + j12 Ω
60 Hz

Figure 11.78 For Prob. 11.53.

11.54 An 880-VA, 220-V, 50-Hz load has a power factor of

0.8 lagging. What value of parallel capacitance will
correct the load power factor to unity?
11.55 An 40-kW induction motor, with a lagging power
factor of 0.76, is supplied by a 120-V rms 60-Hz
sinusoidal voltage source. Find the capacitance
needed in parallel with the motor to raise the power
factor to:
(a) 0.9 lagging (b) 1.0.
11.56 A 240-V rms 60-Hz supply serves a load that is
10 kW (resistive), 15 kVAR (capacitive), and
22 kVAR (inductive). Find:
(a) the apparent power
(b) the current drawn from the supply
(c) the kVAR rating and capacitance required to
improve the power factor to 0.96 lagging
Io cos vt C (d) the current drawn from the supply under the new
power-factor conditions
11.57 A 120-V rms 60-Hz source supplies two loads
Figure 11.77 For Prob. 11.52. connected in parallel, as shown in Fig. 11.79.
(a) Find the power factor of the parallel
Section 11.8 Power Factor Correction combination.
(b) Calculate the value of the capacitance connected
11.53 Refer to the circuit shown in Fig. 11.78. in parallel that will raise the power factor to
(a) What is the power factor? unity.
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 − 36.87◦
9.15 (a) 60 cos(t + 15◦ ), (b) 10 cos(40t + 53.13◦ ), (c) 2.8 cos(377t − π/3),
(d) 1.3 cos(103 t + 247.4◦ )
9.17 (a) 40 cos(ωt − 60◦ ), (b) 38.36 sin(ωt + 96.8◦ ), (c) 6 cos(ωt + 80◦ ),
(d) 11.5 cos(ωt − 52.06◦ )
9.19 (a) 0.8 cos(2t − 98.13◦ ), (b) 0.745 cos(2t − 4.56◦ )
9.21 0.289 cos(377t − 92.45◦ ) V
9.23 2 sin(106 t − 65◦ )
9.25 6.5- resistor
9.27 69.82 V
9.29 −5 sin 2t V
9.31 (a) 4.472 cos(3t − 18.43◦ ) A, 17.89 cos(3t − 18.43◦ ) V,
(b) 10 cos(4t + 36.87◦ ) A, 41.6 cos(4t + 33.69◦ ) V
9.33 (a) 1.872 cos(t − 22.05◦ ) A, (b) 0.89 cos(5t − 69.14◦ ) A,
(c) 0.4417 cos(10t − 83.66◦ ) A
9.35 17.14 cos 200t V
9.37 0.96 cos(200t − 7.956◦ ) A
9.39 2.325 cos(10t + 94.46◦ ) A
9.41 25 cos(2t − 53.13◦ ) A
9.43 8.485 135◦ A
9.45 (a) 0.75 + j 0.25 , (b) 20 + j 30 
9.47 1 + j 0.5 
9.49 17.35 0.9◦ A, 6.83 + j 1.094 
9.51 (a) 0.0148 − 20.22◦ S, (b) 0.0197 74.57◦ S
9.53 1.661 + j 0.6647 S
9.55 1.058 − j 2.235 
9.57 0.3796 + j 1.46 
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 − 8.975◦ 
9.71 2 mH
9.73 235 pF

Chapter 10
10.1 15.73 cos(t + 247.9◦ ) V
10.3 3.835 cos(4t − 35.02◦ ) V
10.5 6.154 cos(103 t + 70.26◦ ) V
10.7 35.74 sin(1000t − 116.6◦ ) A
10.9 7.906 43.49◦ A
10.11 10.58 − 112.4◦ A
10.13 16.64 56.31◦ V
 
j L j L
10.15 (a) 1, 0, − , (b) 0, 1,
R C R C
Vs (R + j ωL + 1/j ωC2 )
10.17 ,
(1/j ωC1 + 1/j ωC2 )(R + j ωL + 1/j ωC1 ) + 1/ω2 C1 C2
Vs /j ωC2
(1/j ωC1 + 1/j ωC2 )(R + j ωL + 1/j ωC1 ) + 1/ω2 C1 C2
10.19 6.154 cos(103 t + 70.25◦ ) V
10.21 4.67 − 20.17◦ A, 1.79 37.35◦ A
10.23 2.179 61.44◦ A
10.25 7.906 43.49◦ A
10.27 1.971 − 2.1◦ A
10.29 3.35 174.3◦ A
10.31 9.902 cos(2t − 129.17◦ ) A
10.33 10 + 21.45 sin(2t + 26.56◦ ) + 10.73 cos(3t − 26.56◦ ) V
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 APPENDIX E Answers to Odd-Numbered Problems 909

11.19 9.574 V
11.21 7.906 V
11.23 2.92 V, 4.267 W
11.25 1.08 V
11.27 6.667 A
11.29 275.6 VA, 0.1876 (lagging)
11.31 (a) 0.5547 (leading), (b) 0.9304 (lagging)
11.33 (a) 95.26 − j 55 VA, 110 VA, 95.26 W, 55 VAR, leading pf
(b) 1497.2 + j 401.2 VA, 1550 VA, 1497.2 W, 401.2 VAR, lagging pf
(c) 278.2 + j 74.54 VA, 288 VA, 278.2 W, 74.54 VAR, lagging pf
(d) −961.7 − j 961.7 VA, 1360 V, −961.7 W, −961.7 VAR, leading pf
11.35 (a) 269 − j 150 VA, (b) 4129 − j 2000 VA, (c) 396.9 + j 450 VA,
(d) 1000 + j 681.2 VA
11.37 (a) 30.98 − j 23.23 , (b) 10.42 + j 13.89 , (c) 0.8 + j 1.386 
11.39 −j 3.84 VA (capacitor), 5.12 VA (resistor), j 6.4 VA (inductor)
11.41 4.543 + j 1.396 VA
11.43 51.2 mVA
11.45 7.098
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