NUMBER SYSTEM

DAY–1 & 2

The Set of Natural Numbers

Numbers, which are used in counting are called natural numbers or positive integers. The
set of natural numbers are denoted by  .
   1, 2, 3, 4,.........

The Set of Whole Numbers

The set of natural numbers along with number ‘0’ (zero) is called whole numbers. The set of
whole numbers are denoted by W .
 W  0,1, 2,3,......
The Set of Integers
The set of natural numbers, their negatives and along with zero are considered as integers
denoted by  .
   ....., 3, 2, 1,0,1,2,3,.....
The Set of Rational Numbers
p
The numbers of the form , where p and q are integers and q  0 form the set of rational
q
numbers denoted by 

 p 

    / p , q   , q  0

 q 


2 5 17 0
Examples: , , , etc.
5 9 6 3
Note: The rational numbers are either terminating or recurring decimals
21
Ex:  5.25 is terminating decimal
4
40
 13.333......, recurring decimal
3
The Set of Irrational Numbers
p
There are numbers, which cannot be expressed in the form , where p , q are integers. They
q
are called irrational numbers and are denoted by Q ' or Qc
Examples:
1. 2.323323332333……..
2. 1234.5678910111213……

3. 2 , 3, e ,  etc

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2 NUMBER SYSTEM

The Set of Real Numbers

The set of rational numbers together with the set of irrational numbers is called the set of
real numbers denoted by  .
Real Number line
A real number line is an ordinary geometric straight line whose points have been identified
with set  of real number.

2  3 1 0 1 2 2

Here to every real number there corresponds a point on the line and conversely, for every
point on the line there corresponds a real number.
Even And Odd Number
Every integer which is exactly divisible by ‘2’ is called even number otherwise it is called
odd number.
Every even number is of the form 2n , n is an integer and odd number is of the form
2 n  1 , n is an integer.
Prime And Composite Numbers
A natural number which has exactly two factors (1 and itself) is called prime number. A
natural number which has three or more factors is called a composite number.
Ex: 1. 2, 3, 5,7, 11,13,....... are prime numbers
2. 4,6,8,9,12,15,..... are composite numbers
3. 1 is neither prime nor composite
Co-prime Numbers
Two natural numbers are said to be co-prime if they don’t have any common factor expect 1.
Ex: 8, 15 are co-prime.
Intervals
If we wish to consider all the real numbers between a and b (with or without including
one or both the points a and b ) then such sets are called intervals.
Open interval (a, b): If a and b are real numbers with a  b , we denote by  a , b the set of all real
numbers between a and b excluding a and b
  a, b  x / x   , a  x  b

Closed interval [a, b]: If a and b are real numbers with a  b , we denote by  a , b  the set of all real
numbers between a and b including a and b
  a, b  x / x   , a  x  b
Half open intervals: The interval ( a, b ] , which is open at ' a ' and closed at ' b ' is called half open
interval and denotes all real numbers such that a  x  b similarly [ a, b ) denotes all real numbers
x such that a  x  b

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NUMBER SYSTEM 3
Other intervals are
 a,   x / x   , x  a
, b  x / x   , x  b
[ a, )  x / x   , x  a
(, b ]  { x / x   , x  b

The set of all real numbers can be denoted by , 

Inequality
If a  b then, ac  bc if c  0 , ac  bc if c  0 , ac  bc if c = 0

EXERCISE
BASIC LEVEL QUESTIONS

1. The value of x satisfying the equation 3x  7  5

(A) 4,  (B) 7,  (C) 3,  (D)  4, 
2. If 2  x  3 then find the interval in which 2  3x lies.
(A) 7,6 (B) 7,7  (C) 7,8 (D) 7, 9
3. If 3  5  4 x  21 then find the interval in which x lies.
(A) 4, 2 (B) 4, 2 (C) 4, 2  (D) 4, 4

4. If 16  x 2  25 then find the interval in which x lies.

(A) 5, 4    4,5 (B) 5, 4   4, 5 (C)  (D) All real numbers
1
5. If x  2, 5 then find the interval in which lies
x
 1 1  1   1  1 1 
(A)  ,  (B)  ,0 (C) 0,  (D) ,     , 
 2 5  2   5  2 5 

6. If x  6, 3 then find the interval in which x 2 lies.

(A)  9, 36  (B)  0,9  (C)  0, 36  (D) 36,9 
1
7. If x  1, 4  then find the interval in which lies
x
1   1 1 
(A)  ,1 (B) 0,  (C)  ,  (D)  1, 
 4   4   4 
8. When the product of four consecutive odd positive integers divided by 4, the set of
remainders are
(A) 0 (B) 1 (C) 0,1 (D) None of these
9. A 107 digit number is formed by writing first 58 natural numbers next to each other. find
the remainder when number is divided by 8.
(A) 6 (B) 10 (C) 4 (D) 9

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4 NUMBER SYSTEM

P
10. form of 1.54 54 54 …….. where P and Q are integers having no common factors.
Q
13 17 17 19
(A) (B) (C) (D)
11 13 11 17
1 1
11. If a real number ' x ' satisfies x   2 then x 50  35  __________
x x
(A) 0 (B) 1 (C) 2 (D) 85
12. 4  _______
(A) 2 (B) 2 (C) 2 (D) all of A, B, C
13. If x  x  2 x then find the interval in which x lies.
(A)  (A) all real numbers (C)  0,1 (D) 0
1 1
14. If x   5 then x 3  3  ________
x x
(A) 100 (B) 110 (C) 125 (D) none of these
1
15. If x  7, 2  then 
x
 1  1   1 1
(A) ,     ,  (B)  ,  
 2   7   2 7 
 1  1
(C) ,   (D) ,  
 2   7 

MAINS LEVEL QUESTIONS

16. Let P  3 be a prime number. Then which of the following is always FALSE
(A) P  2 is a prime number
(B) P  4 is a prime number
(C) both P  2 and P  4 are prime numbers
(D) neither P  2 nor P  4 are prime numbers
ax  b
17. Suppose ' x ' is an irrational number and a , b , c , d are rational numbers. If is a rational
cx  d
then we must have
(A) a  c  0 (B) a  c , b  d (C) ad  bc (D) a  d  b  c
18. How many possible triplets  a , b , c  such that ab  c , bc  a , ca  b and a , b , c   are
(A) 3 (B) 5 (C) 8 (D) 9
19. The values of x satisfying both the equations x  5  2 x  1 and 2  x  3x  2
(A) 1, 3  (B) 2, 3 (C) 5, 3  (D) 1, 3 
2x  3 1  4x  k
20. If 1 2  , the interval in which x lies is in the form of ,   , the value
4 3 
 2
of k is
(A) 1 (B) 3 (C) 5 (D) 6

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NUMBER SYSTEM 5

ADVANCED LEVEL QUESTIONS

 3  1   3  1
2x 2x
21. If  2 3 x then number of solutions of this equation are
(A) 0 (B) 1 (C) 2 (D) infinite
22. Value of 12  2 2  32  4 2  .....  99 2  100 2
(A) 5050 (B) 5051 (C) 5050 (D) 5051
23. The smallest natural number for which n n  5 is divisible for every n  
2

(A) 2 (B) 3 (C) 5 (D) 6

24. If sin   cos ec  2 then sin 100   cos ec 50   __________
(A) 50 (B) 100 (C) 150 (D) 2
25. The positive integers p, q and r are all primes. If p 2  q 2  r then the sum p  q  r is
(A) 7 (B) 10 (C) 5 (D) infinite

ADDITIONAL QUESTIONS

1. When the product of four consecutive odd positive integers divided by 4, the set of
remainders are
(A) 0 (B) 1 (C) 0,1 (D) None of these
2. Let ABCDEFGHIJ be a 10 digit number where all digits are distinct. Further A  B  C ,
A  B  C  9 , D  E  F  G are odd numbers and H  I  J are even numbers. Then
which of the following is definitely wrong
(A) E  5 (B) G  3 (C) H  6 (D) I  2
3. The number of solutions of the equations a  1  2 b , b  1  2 a are
2 2

(A) 0 (B) 1 (C) 2 (D) Infinite

a c
4. If a , b , c , d be real numbers such the b  0, d  0 ,  . Then which of the following is
b d
always TRUE
a ac c a ac c a a c c a ac c
(A)   (B)   (C)   (D)  
b bd d b bd d b bd d b bd d
5. Consider the statements
x   x   y   y  , 0  x  y  1 , for all x , y . Then which of the following is TRUE
(A) if and only if   2 (B) if and only if   2
(C) if and only if   2 (D) if and only if   2
ab cd
6. If  then which of the following is true where a  c
bc da
(A) a  c  b  d (B) ac  bd (C) a  b  c  d  0 (D) None of these
7. Let p , q and s be integers such that p  sq then 2 2

(A) p is even number (B) s divides p

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6 NUMBER SYSTEM

(C) q 2 divides p (D) If s divides p then s is perfect square

8. Find the interval of x satisfying the equation  3 x  7  5
9. If  3  5  4 x  21 then find the interval in which x lies.
10. If x x  4x  10 then find the interval in which x lies.
11. If x  2, 5 then find the interval in which x 2 lies
12. If  2  x  3 , the interval in which 2  3x lies is  a , b , the value of a  b is

13. If 16  x 2  25 , the interval in which x lies is in the form of  a , b  c , d , then the value of
a  b  c  d is

ANSWERS & KEY

DAY–1 & 2

1. A 2. C 3. C 4. B 5. D

6. C 7. A 8. A 9. A 10. C
11. C 12. A 13. D 14. B 15. B
16. C 17. C 18. B 19. D 20. C
21. B 22. A 23. D 24. D 25. B

Additional Questions
1. B 2. C 3. D 4. B 5. D
6. C 7. D 8. 4,  9. 4, 2 
10. 2,0 11.  0, 25 12. 1 13. 0

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