teaes't Ik tt 4 Python Data Visualization Cookbook EZ M NEU =o Cit ie g A, Bein Fi HWE POSTS & TELECOM PRESSDict s ee Cs Lt ee aot Ld Cee Et ale eet Ld Comm ae De SSL st tae ee Ee Sica ek eee SE Ee Set | NIMC USS Sie SEMAN eet Ua am bce eed BO ASL att Pee ahs ene ed se ies sas id ees es tLe) PR bid Pe ek ee ee Desa Abt A Ek D Ed EM sea e eT es UCL esta ei oF ee SLL eS a DRE aE Uk ee bet Boss k SOG AS ca ts cae Peers mi 415. 49.00 3Python STE OD 0 (6 a Fz Se AK [B¢*R=] Igor Milovanovieé & mi iz AR BB AR Hy he # dkSERRE (CIP) ME Python Sede PT UL 4a PEER / (SEAR) RY TT Hae #% Milovanovic, I.) % ; Mii. —- diate > AR WBE LHRRAL, 2015. 5 ISBN 978-7-115-38439-3 I. OP 1. OR Oidi I. OR LA AF wit IV. OTPS11. 56 FRU AS FS 3 PHC TP BEC HEF (2015) 98057566 5 REALS AA Copyright ©2013 Packt Publishing. First published in the English language under the title Python Data Visualization Cookbook. All rights reserved. ABH Packt Publishing AANA RMB UAL LM. 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FIPS Be ROSAS TZ AT ST AH NE 6 4K matplotlib.rcParams MPT. import matplotlib as mp mpl.rcParams["lines.linewidth'] = 2 mpl.rcParams[‘lines.color'] = 'r' (UH matplotlib.rc () MAA MBIT. import matplotlib as mpl mpl.rc('lines', linewidth=2, color='r') ELTA FSA ALIA STE 0 SAME, BATT aE 1 EA TA FE A ER BEE 2 Rake AMF AEE i — A ARH TD ZO RR EH A, BRAT Rae, TE PE12_Python $k 48 =] #2 ft Saf 5 ak import matplotlib.pyplot as plt import numpy as np t = np.arange(0.0, 1.0, 0.01) 8 = np.sin(2 * np.pi * t) # make line red plt.rcParams['lines.color'] = plt.plot (t,s) ¢ = np.cos(2 * np.pi * t) # make line thick plt.rcParams['lines.linewidth'] = '3' plt.plot (t,c) plt.show() 1.8.3 {URNT HE, A THHIESK, RGKMNAR, BEF A matplotlib.pyplot Al Numpy Bik. Cee — TRL, Wet plt.rcParams['lines.color']= 'r' iffy Gs wt PRA BIE, NET 8: Be POR MEPS ARG A), ULIAAY plt .rcParams['lines. linewidth'] = '3' SETA Wy 3 hei. WRG EEA, AMA] matplotlib.rcdefaults () Wik. 19 AWARE matplotib $A AHS matplotlib (EAI AACE PEE EE, WSCA FARRER ESC PHI REM. li SEAS SPUN RESC PE ASABE EI 1.9.1 WEA TE WRAL EEOC matplotlib I ASZE AUS FEAR RB) BEATE CAR SRA AS PE) «aR Re BEY AS TD APIS LB EAS Td RAR ANS TP A A BI — EA ANAS LIU GAGS S| ATTA SEAT 5 HES AAS AY LARA SE Dd Ui) BE AS JH FL) SER EAR 1.9.2 ROPE (BULLE AL matplotlib (te SA 2 Be EET TRE. BT WS BEE A SFRAR RELHERR 13 AZ PA ARTI MORE AT AADAC. UTTAR, BETES Z Sb, Hak ATSC LE matplotlib SRAM. iit matplotlibre ALM FE, matplotlib HEHE TIX AAG ALA StH. ZE matplotlibre SPH tL FAAS) AY LAE YE 1.9.3 AUPE REBLOA ACRES PRET ET SATA, EIA RE FEMA. k= ALE AY BEB MF © SHIH AR: WMA TM AR. te ARK, WAAR FARE til] matplotlib ALF. RCRLIC FEMI Ht matplotlibres © /AP.matplotlib/matplotlibre X¢¢#(Per user .matplotlib/matplotlibre): iW /E4E FAP MSHOME Hat F CE Windows A¥i'}!, te#isz Documents and Settings Hi). ALM matplotlib.get_configdir() @ RRA 4H MACHR AR. WB BL it asf. © =-3BRC BIC HEC Per installation configuration file): iti?! 2E python fil site-packages Hat F. RSAC, ALLE RE ROBT 2A matplotlib a, ACH Pe we te. AUC FRAT LRAT AAT AAG FE, APE EL BEN CE BET BL. BAR, AL HMAC ESC PF REEDS, SESE RUC BE. MUR CEP See SC eS ECBORAL, SRP aE E Ay TIL TAC IN, AE PGCE EAT 4E shell HigtT imide, BUA ET ED HAG IC EE A RASA BE $ python -c ‘import matplotlib as mpl; print mpl.get_configdir()' ACRES ELLA FACIL. @ axes: BEAM bR HNL TAU MME. AMR UPR AVA A (9 MS @ backend: BiH Priilll Tkagg fl cTkAGg. @ figure: fii dpi, WHBG. ABAD LK (subplot) wit. @ font: FARM font family) . FAA AIPESC ELE. @ grid: REM MME MAM. ° ° FELBI ANSE ASIN MAS. eR GE. HM. REED Albi.14 Python $48 71 42 1h aE AR @ patch: ASE 2D MAEM, WA WIGAN. PEACE. BCS ANCE ae. @ = savefig: ALR IMIITERET PAB. PIO, BRACRMIIC HN A @ text: RAPA. SOMME CHUICARK latex brid) F @ verbose: i matplotlib ZEAUT HM fi BAI, Wi silent. helpful. debug #l debug-annoying. @ xticks Myticks: Wx, y HIN EAS MUAAE REGIE. Ard. Frid, WR EK. 1.9.4 #h FEB SORORAL TAPAS TA ABATE HERI) ETNA, BORAT UE Vill matplotlib THA NIMH, AME VET HY APT SCR. WRG BERR EEF, BY CAEP AIFF Bz mS PF EL A 5 AS PSS TEA OT Ee FE Ee2h T AMT, RNSPAU PAA. +o ooo eo + + IK CSV SOE EA BGR M Microsoft Excel 5¢( 5A Sidi WE TERR SCPE SABE SABRES A MISC PES ABE MW SSON SRLS ABE ‘PL SGE BI) ISON. CSV fil Excel SBE FE SF ABE SBE AE AE BETAS BGE ICE BE BARR FARR EGE SD) NumPy 2H AE RCT $8 BEL BA SCN LY Ff eb16 Python #48] tt ti #2 ae 2.1 fait ASHER he TAILS HH A A OA DIE AST IEE Zh SL A 7 TK, HERA —AE Ae BE EPA I. SERRA AE Le — LIES, WEE HE di BE GUE AT TT BUA. 2.2 MCSV SHSABGE PEAT, BRATTAS Ae BARE AA EAB fk DB HHH IC A L—CSV BL UL, CSV AES AP IRE COCR —PIC TES, WEDGES aD) Python P49 4 csv BUSHES ATT HSU CSV Cf. REN, BA BH EIN CSV tat, ARTA EBL CSV EATS AT ASIA. SE BUSCHE AL AEN 1s PIR BIC IE A AE Sh UH SO EPG 2.2.1 WE OE TEATIP, FUE chO2-data.csv XPM AAA Ea BieGE, MATE TE FRB AHH. PRATT IBE HE 75 AE SCE ASE SAC EAD AL 2.2.2 PER Fit 95 FL CSP RE T WADA CSV CHES A RR, BRK 6 1. 4TFF ch02-data.csv Xft. 2. AGERE. 3. TAA TT. 4. REAR DRILL SE A BETES Flt. ATEN SCPE MICA ITA AT 6 import csv filename = 'ch02-data.csv’ data = []2 TMM 17 try: with open(filename) as f: reader = csv.reader(f) header = reader.next () data = [row for row in reader] except csv.Error as e: print "Error reading CSV file at line $s: %s" % (reader.line_ num, e) sys-exit (-1) if header: print header print for datarow in data: print datarow 2.2.3 ER Me PA csv BURL AE I I ITI. Wis. JA with TAT PEE CHE CREAM £. MORO TERR TE TE HUE EKA CE, with TEP CE PENDS, CEB LE Pe DRL CEI AE Ta (BE, LAE ET OR CE AR RAT 9G EE FERC CHEM AC Wa, A csv. reader () Wik reader WR, MUA BMG TEM i. HEIR, TARA “MAINA, TEPER BAT ED HK. SCPRAST—AT ESCA FRSC EE TA, AEDES ADFT AE ASA. SOME SKIP AS REDS, FE CSV SCP RRA SCE SG» (ELE EA VARY SE EAE PRISE Po BAIR AD TEL ERM AMB RIAN RTT, ALIMAMA) A BA CAS Re DL TE 70 HE BY CSV 3 fy RAR SCA SC BD EH SIE EET FESR EB TEBE SEE CAB EE CPE ATHILAT 2 JRE Linux 4¢ 1-1] bash fit Ul head WLR AS HB, HSU Rta. $ head some_file.cev Cesk GSA, ERATE AT FER CES, ETAT IN BBE AEP BEROCtRIN FL TAL, csv. reader () WKS RUE UMA EL. 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MUR AA ATSC GE AL T Microsoft Excel #% OpenOffice.org) » e141 ah 4. (FFE Gu OAR FI ay He St SY ACCP SUEAT A EAL HE 2 EE hI — PBS)» BA FE AES Excel SCH PERK CSV CPE RLAT AGT . FIC, FREE —B ERTEIR Excel Cf. iii www. python-excel.org JASE FEE, Python BI LUE RFs 3 FF Excel 3c PRE SHEE. ABE EAS Bee C4 RL ASA BSCR, TLE PG ER. BR Ly RAMA TBM Excel CFT LAE E Windows FE THe. Microsoft Excel 3 (i 3 B25 IN Ta] 2245 548 (6, ASIA Python HEREC ALIS TESA, XLRD RBM MALE 0.90, COAL BEM. xlsx MAT»B28 TMH 19 2.3.1 Hea TE PEE, PRATT BE EET AGB, FER ME TEA xd BR. BUTE pip TE REAUSE BSP BoE HT § mkvirtualenv xlrdexample (xldexample)$ pip install xlrd BASES, BAPHIH ch02-x1sxdata.x1sx Al CAGIOR. 2.3.2 DEER HEEB REA BA IE As fT MSY Excel 3 FE SEI — AE AER 1. FES AERY THES 2. ARG PAR SIT ede. HTH Cnrows) AI (ncols) HIRAM. 3. AA RA ALES, ABET ED T PER HT SES 6 import xlrd file = 'ch02-xlsxdata.xlsx" wb = xlrd.open_workbook (filename=file) ws = wb.sheet_by_name('Sheet1") dataset = [] for r in xrange(ws.nrows) : col = () for ¢ in range(ws.ncols): col.append(ws.cell(r, c).value) dataset .append (col) from pprint import pprint pprint (dataset) 2.3.3 TEE LRAT FB xlrd BORN PSO. Fed LEMS — TS ATER Cxlrd.sheet.Sheet) (T(E (Python 2% xlrd.book.Book). f+ THE FH PRIM Cxlrd.sheet.cell), BAHAR TON TEETER HK.20 Python # #8 #1 #8 1k fe #2 Kak BULLI open_workbook () Wik, RAMA MRT —7T EM, TEI xlrd.book X#il. Book KMUAT—T> LGM A, WPM. MAL sheet_by name () WAV EM TR, WR REA THe, AY EAH sheets() Wik. sheets() Wiki I—* xlrd.sheet.Sheet 3 fl fH Wl # xlrd.sheet.Sheet KAT ASIATE, BUM AUER HOE A EEA, J etht WAFA cell () Aid AR Ui lel LARA ITE MA EMOTE. SURAT xrld.sheet .Cell HK, IFAM EEE 5 TER, FUWDE DUP AGB AEE +S Neti). HEU, xed BEAT AE I PERCE IL, SPHEWT HH RARER LE RPE, BRAT ae EEL A AS ROK Python date HR. WR FE ARAM, xird SBI] xlrd.xL_ CELL_DATE {FA ICH RAY. IAL BURBS EAI a: from datetime import datetime from xlrd import open_workbook, xldate_as_tuple cell = sheet.cell(1, 0) print cell print cell.value print cell.ctype if cell.ctype == xlrd.XL_CELL_DATE: date_value = xldate_as_tuple(cell.value, book.datemode) print datetime(*date_value) EP AF BGR ETL. AE, EEE A REE, BLE TC AAG LE FR 2.3.4 #96 cL BESSA 65535: print >> sys.stderr, "Hit limit of # of rows in one sheet (65535) break # XLS is special case where we have to ¥ save the file and just return 0 f£ = StringIO.stringI0() book. save(£) return f.getvalue() 4. ii, eK main AOU, MET OTS BP AMC, SABIE HARE RISK30 Python #42 4 1 a TAR if name == '_main_': # parse input arguments parser = argparse.ArgumentParser () parser.add_argument ("import_file", help="Path to a fixed-width data file.") parser.add_argument ("export_format", help="Export format: json, csv, xlsx.") args = parser.parse_args() if args.import_file is None: print >> sys.stderr, "You myst specify path to import from." sys.exit (1) if args.export_format not in (‘csv', "json", *xlsx') : print >> sys.stderr, "You must provide valid export file format.” sys.exit (1) # verify given path is accesible file if not os.path.isfile(args.import_file): print >> sys.stderr, "Given path is not a file: $s" % args.import file sys-exit (1) # read from formated fixed-width file data = import_data(args.import_file) # export data to specified format # to make this Unix-lixe pipe-able # we just print to stdout print write _data(data, args.export_format) 2.7.3 “THEE BELLE, PIES AE BRS A CLE 2.4 “NEE BORIC PE ABE” ESO, BATFE stdout, MMV ERICH, BEE I — MPI MG, Mir OTT RY, EPS. MATES ASCP ESE CISON, CSV il XLSX) . UVEITIS BOT, JEMAICAIRAT import_data() Wik. Wa, BATE Python Sci 2H) CHUANG, ATID BA Ar (EMRE SCALA RE IED Bs BST fEwrite data() Wi, RANA ACR HA SIM IE (LM write_csv()B2R TMB 31 Fi) 4E CSV", BANAB—* csv.writer () Xl, AER RT ES BALI. Dal iy 5 BEA EH AA BAT AAP eB 3 — A RAE PT cat BR {ED REE Ti Ak I IEE json HUREGEAY dump () 7774 8] DURAEAHEEIR Python NYSGRLE, ST LAER MBL FP ISON HSH BRIE SEA a BETAS. AEF CSV, BUTTE Te Ase [le OES ie stdout. Excel SF thi ij SE LOBE YAU, BRI Hy hg BE Ot 4 1 J SZ AYA Excel VE SANT PEMA BURR BCE. BERRI T(E ANTI TAC Hy CIOL, APIA, SPE a PRS RE AT AN AY FAB 8 FE AT IRE — FB Jia, 4 Book SEPIRAERESIC (HAL, BORAT LUO CIEE stdout. Wa, BERT DUCA AUER ACR, teATLLit Web service 74 8H. 2.7.4 ¢h 36M SHOR, OUR REE BE CI — MS. MURA SN Heh, Bh EAR SPA. ARAN EEN: SRE. UR ABN BA, WT BB SA DSRS DN — ATA SAN A, BS aE BES IT BE — A TE Ja, BR write _data() Wik, MEM eis PSIOKIL CA write _* ik. Fi — PPE ALS SER EEL ESAT MR —7> Python 2, XARA LES EE To WR ARPA, BURT DL BRIS A SERIE, BRR SAE SEAT EA. 28 SGEESASGE SEARLE, BOR APTANA PLAGE Pe Ab Ze ti aR Bh. ERATE A CYB, EAE LAE SEE 5 UL, AE BE Ee HR BO Ce aE HARE TASTES AS, BRAY AY A i Se AH Oe A EE ATHS aR ¢E Python PUN fAl HH] SQL drivers ij ial BK » AWA BLRIT SQLite BURVE, AWE WRK BEL eb, lala AS Ht32_Python $= (kM a {HEF SQL (VRE MES|H (MySQL Fi PostgreSQL) (HEH. ALL. HME S| SE SEPA SQL Fi 5S 2b AEA Teo IMF AEA LY SQL TA a, PU E RS BC FI SQL BOERS | La AT HAY 6 2.8.1 Hea CHE CEMREANT FM AAR ZA, PG AG BE LORE SQLite FE. $ sudo apt-get install sqlite3 Python #XiA $F SQLite, Abt A a SEF Se E ATS Python MISEHI ARG. HT LAZE IPython PUT FRCS — BALA BAS Bee OF import sqlite3 sqlite3.version sqlite3.sqlite_version FTI VAAL Pi OT HH In [1]: import sqlite3 In [2]: sqlite3.version out[2]: '2.6.0' In [3]: sqlite3.sqlite version Out [3]: '3.6.22' 3X4H, sqlite3.version i&[A] Python ff] sqlite3 MURMIMAE, sqlite_version JBI ABE SQLite HE AIIRAS. 2.8.2 SEB RR AT FE WERE EE, BELA FAG RS 1. ERERCFESIME CORAL SQLite KF). 2. CEREAL BUT ARE 3. BEI SE Pe S| FS IIH AAA UE PERU SQL, ANAT STIR FIR IAS. HN TIE A RHA BATA PIX TS PY SQL PEMA A). SELECT ID, Name, Population FROM City ORDER BY Population DESC LIMIT 1000 IXIA M City Fi T ID. Name All Population SF) (FFL) AY. ORDERB2R TMRH 33 BY FURS PE S| S42 Population HT BARMETHF, lit DESC THEE METS. LIMIT {€PCUF ERATION LEA BEA HT 1000 MIF, BEE world.sql WHIP MN. RPRAAT SHAM eA AG, FikBit 5000 AATEC. FANE MP 2-1 a6 r 2 3 aoza Mumbai (Bombay) 10500000 a 2331 Seoul 9961619) 5s 206 Slo Paulo 9968485 6 1890 Shanghai 9696300 7 ‘939 Jakarta 9604900 8 2822 Karachi 9269265 s 3387 Istanbul 8787958 10 215 Ciudad de Mexico 9591309 n 3880 Moscow 8389200 12 3793 New York 8008278 13 1532 Tokyo 7980230 a4 3891 Peking 7472000 15 456 London 7285000 16 1025 ethi 7208704 7 608 Cairo 6789479 18 1380 Teheran 6758845 19 2390 Lama 6464693 20 1992 Chongqing 6351600 a 3320 Bengkok 6320174 Z 2237 Santafé de Bogots 6260862 fA21 PSG BHEIAT SQL SC¢FFA FI SQLite BABE, FMT Fe import sqlite3 import sys if len(sys.argv) < 2: print "Error: You must supply at least SQL script.” print "Usage: %s table.db ./sql-dump.sql" 8 (sys.argv(0]) sys.exit (1) script_path = sys.argv(1] if len(sys.argv) db = sys.argv[2] else:34 Python #48 7 2 1t HAE ae # if DB is not defined # create memory database db = ":memory:" try: con = sqlite3.connect (db) with con: cur = con.cursor() with open(script_path,'rb') as f: cur.executescript (£.read()) except sqlite3.Error as err: print "Error occured: %s" % err SABC STEM SQL SCE Y SQL ity, AALEFT FFI SQLite db SCF EAT. WR ASHE db MIF, SQLite BEA FE NE —TEGEE, BASTING. GURGES TBR, REAR SARE Ti SPIER es TT E28 LP TERME SABER Z Jes BATE AE HASH SEE TT — MERE To DO AE RE PER BE CS. import sqlite3 import sys if len(sys.argv) != 2: print "Please specify database file." sys-exit (1) db = sys.argv(1] try: con = sqlite3.connect (db) with con: cur = con.cursor() query = 'SELECT ID, Name, Population FROM City ORDER BY Population DESC LIMIT 1000° con.text_factory = str cur-execute (query) resultset = cur.fetchall() # extract column namesR2R TRB 35 col_names = [cn{0] for cn in cur.description] print "10s %30s %10s" % tuple(col_names) print "="* (10+1+30+1+10) for row in resultset: print "10s $30s %10s" 8 row except sqlite3.Error as err: print "(BRROR]:", err 2.8.3 CAEL PASE, ROAEA PE RBS T BR PEC PRA. UE OIE, RATTAN, ATR PARAS. BE POR UERAGRIE. WRIT» EAR] sqlite3. error JHB AI. WI FGEBE RID, BAMBI con. cursor () PE —MiF pK. WER GIRARD, ETE FR 4) 1388 BAG FE LE RP HR FATE T REE, SPREE, DUT ACIAERIBELL cur. fetchall () PARK. WRAMIR KAR, ATLA fetchone () « 4£ cur.description Li iTAlZeme eT PER Bl BAHN Z . description ft TURE, CAT RENE. ETE BAB — TF 7 ICRI TO, RL BIA, RUMEN —FICR RAE (FEL (0) IP AAG SR CT ET AEM BRS A, ARTE RE REAR IR OL, MOAT RAT ED EAT 2.8.4 ¢h3eBiH BORE HRT IBGE. CEA MSP, BATA TA TMTAL LS, REWN As BA FMEA. WALES DOE PERE TE TT TUL, 7 Python SOME. AFT ILS ALI BCHEHE, tl MySQL. PostgreSQL #1l SQLite. BCH FE SUBLIME EL aE ABE, HN MS SQL, Oracle fil Sybase. Python X4F AMA AGEE. MAAR MEO. ATLL WR HER T, RRA IIE. (NTA AG EE HENS, UATE UH Te TEAR TES PMN, Oracle SAF —AET IMI PL/SQL, EATERMEN SQL. WE BREN Oracle EW MS SQL, HAEMITA TLE T. ARAN, SQLite AIK MySQL Hci RAN ARES |G (MyISAM il InnoDB) MUTE. AES THEM, (LLC36 Python $48 9 1b fe TAR ‘bRAE SQL Chttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SQL:2011) Z2ik 3A Sam ABE A TSA 5 29 BRB ATT FIA MU fa] AFB ECSTASY ETE RNS HAAN, REMAN AA, BTR. PRI. TEA AERA AB BE A PL CE A AR ZL, RATE TERE, APRA Coutlier) Lt, JE AW Cath CBG. (EE, EEA AEA AP RAINE URE, ADE ROME Ai. mee the. SUA CRE Eo 2.9.1 WER TE FUT EF CAAA Python $RHEBERR, ANG BEPC E FEAT, BRAVES 4H K]—MAD. FER Le, PAE (Median absolute deviation, MAD) J&A KHRPEM (fe —PARRD PEASE BE Pa) EE A — PPE. EPR AA, AE RTE ASE BP, ALOE AS ATR SiH. 2.9.2 PEER FRA T uf AY MAD OR RS SR ASAE PTE AR Ee 1. 4p O~1 Zl] ABAHLAAE (normally distributed random data) » 2. MAHA. 3. Al is_outlier () WiAHWF MIL. 4. LPP BOERS (x Al filtered) MER. MRENNEKA. import numpy as np import matplotlib.pyplot as plt def is_outlier(points, threshold=3.5): ® outlier: AEE a FEA. PORTA. ATI LA) “SAL: SACRE NR, SEMA IR eS CRE) MARA PSC REIN. ARSE PR AR. CREDBIR TRE 87 Returns a boolean array with True if points are outliers and False otherwise. Data points with a modified z-score greater than this # value will be classified as outliers. # transform into vector if len(points. shape) points = points[:,None] ry # compute median value median = np.median(points, axis=0) # compute diff sums along the axis diff = np.sum((points ~ median)**2, axis=-1) diff = np.sqrt (diff) ¥ compute MAD med_abs_deviation = np.median (diff) # compute modified z-score # http: //www.itl.nist.gov/div898/handbook/eda/section4/eda43.htm# # Iglewicz modified 2 score = 0.6745 * diff / med_abs deviation # return a mask for each outlier return modified_z_score > threshold # Random data x = np. random. random (100) # histogram buckets buckets = 50 # Add in a few outliers x = np.r_[x, -49, 95, 100, -100] # Keep valid data points # Note here that #/ "=" is logical NOT on boolean numpy arrays filtered = x{~is_outlier(x)] # plot histograms plt.figure() plt.subplot (211)38 Python i871 ER plt-hist (x, buckets) plt.xlabel (*Raw') plt. subplot (212) ered, buckets) pit. plt.xlabel (‘Cleaned’) >1t «show () TER, 7E NumPy 'f, “~" BREA BEER “SBE TE, PEI YEAH As BA Ly IERIE. 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RE AYU ACE EL Fin Bear Blt. from pylab import * # fake up some data spread= rand(50) * 100 center = ones(25) * 50 # generate some outliers high and low flier_high = rand(10) * 100 + 100 flier_low = rand(10) * -100 # merge generated data set data = concatenate((spread, center, flier high, flier_low), 0) subplot (311) # basic plot + 'gx' defining the outlier plotting properties boxplot (data, 0, 'gx") # compare this with similar scatter plot subplot (312) spread_1 - concatenate((spread, flier_high, flier_low), 0) center_1 = ones(70) * 25 scatter (center_1, spread_l) xlim({0, 50]) # and with another that is more appropriate for # scatter plot subplot (313) center_2 = rand(70) * 50 scatter (center_2, spread_1) xlim({0, 501) show () GPE 2-3 ia, APB EH x TEAR i bias tH Ee BL40 Python $48 71 HL 1 RE EM FA PS AC PRY FCB as TALI SR A. AL RE XR LAB 25, BT VARA EA. Hh RAT TG TEE FE OK 5p AL Cini ) ANTE SR A EL (outlier) » ZEB, Ze X BILE REAL) ANTE O~SO MITE TELA, ESCA a a te LS ALTO ANlel, CoA MS Ze Y fl bE BELLE SE NEAL. TE POA as, BU BUA CLEA PE oy) CEASA EAE UL BGR SAYS ARIAL, EEE ALIN Wein ES aa TER Ee # generate uniform data points x = le6*rand(1000) y = rand(1000) figure () # create first subplot subplot (211) # make scatter plot scatter (x, y) # limit x axis2H TRB 41 xlim(le-6, 126) # create second subplot subplot (212) # make scatter plot scatter (x,y) # but make x axis logarithmic xscale('log') # set same x axis limit xlim(le-6, 1e6) show () HOPS 2-4 rake IER. 200000 400000, 00000 "8000001000000 10° 10* 10” 107 10? 10° 10' 10 10° 10* 10° 2-4 WSS Cs 47D ABL Cmissing value) S296? BTL NumPy dnaeae ka Mesie RAL, BATA LAS UAE HERR ATT TE EEL, DRE ATE. Meg WO BRA ARIE BE SE Ao bas i CE SS Hh CES A PY A — 2 AS “BUM. filttl, OH, Ohio, OHIO, US-OH Fl OH-USA ABARZEIELH MY Ohio M. 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