GRADE: 12 SEMESTER: FIRST SEMESTER

SUBJECT PRACTICAL RESEARCH 2 NO. OF 90 hours/semester

TITLE: HOURS/SEM.:
Reading and Writing
PREREQUISITE: English for Academic and
Professional Purposes

Common Subject This course develops critical thinking and problem-solving

Description: skills through qualitative research.

MODULE 1

IN

PRACTICAL RESEARCH 2
QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH

UNIT 1
 CURRICUM GUIDE

CONTENT PERFORMANCE LEARNING

CONTENT
STANDARD STANDARD COMPETENCIES

The learner demonstrates The learner is able to: The learner:

understanding of:

1. the importance of use appropriate kinds 1. shares research

research in daily life of research in making experiences and
2. the characteristics, decisions knowledge
processes, and ethics of
research 2. explains the importance
3. quantitative and of research in daily life
qualitative research
4. the kinds of research 3. describes characteristics,
across the fields processes, and ethics of
Nature of
research
Inquiry and
Research 4. differentiates quantitative
from qualitative research

5. provide examples of
research in areas of
interest (arts, humanities,
sports, science, business,
agriculture and fisheries,
information and
communication
technology, and social
inquiry)
The learner demonstrates The learner is able to: The learner:
understanding of:
1. describes
1. the value of qualitative decide on suitable
qualitative research in characteristics,
Qualitative research; its kinds, strengths, weaknesses,
characteristics, uses, different areas of
Research and Its interest. and kinds of qualitative
Importance in strengths, and
weaknesses research
Daily Life
2. the importance of 2. illustrates the
qualitative research importance of
across fields of inquiry qualitative research
across fields
The learner demonstrates The learner is able to: The learner:
understanding of:

1. the range of 1. formulate clearly 1. designs a research

research topics in statement of project related to daily
the area of inquiry research life
Identifying the 2. the value of research problem 2. writes a research title
Inquiry and in the area of
Stating the interest 3. describes the
Problem
3. the specificity and justifications/reasons for
conducting the research
feasibility of the 4. states research questions
problem posed
5. indicates scope and
delimitation of research
 6. cites benefits and
beneficiaries of
research
7. presents written
statement of the
problem
The learner demonstrates The learner is able to: The learner:
understanding of:

1. the criteria in 1. select, cite, and 1. selects relevant

selecting, citing, and synthesize literature
synthesizing related properly related 2. cites related literature
literature literature using standard style
Learning from 2. ethical standards in 2. use sources (APA, MLA or Chicago
Others and writing related according to Manual of Style)
Reviewing the literature ethical standards 3. synthesizes information
Literature 3. present written from relevant literature
review of related 4. writes coherent review
literature of literature
5. follows ethical
standards in writing
related literature
6. presents written review
of literature
The learner demonstrates The learner is able to: The learner:
understanding of:

1. qualitative research 1. describe 1. chooses appropriate

designs qualitative qualitative research
2. the description of research designs, design
Understanding sample sample, and data 2. describes sampling
Data and Ways 3. data collection and collection and procedure and sample
To Systematically analysis procedures analysis 3. plans data collection
Collect Data such as survey, procedures and analysis procedures
interview, and 2. apply
imaginatively 4. presents written
observation
art/design research methodology
4. the application of
principles to 5. utilizes materials and
creative design techniques to produce
principles for create artwork
creative work
execution
 UNIT 1: NATURE OF INQUIRY AND RESEARCH

WHAT THIS UNIT ALL ABOUT?

Research is a process to discover new knowledge. In the Code of Federal Regulations (45
CFR 46.102(d)) pertaining to the protection of human subjects research is defined as:
“A systematic investigation (i.e., the gathering and analysis of information) designed to develop
or contribute to generalizable knowledge.” The National Academy of Sciences states that the
object of research is to “extend human knowledge of the physical, biological, or social world
beyond what is already known.” Research is different than other forms of discovering knowledge
(like reading a book) because it uses a systematic process called the Scientific Method.
The Scientific Method consists of observing the world around you and creating
a hypothesis about relationships in the world. A hypothesis is an informed and educated
prediction or explanation about something. Part of the research process involves testing
the hypothesis, and then examining the results of these tests as they relate to both the hypothesis
and the world around you. When a researcher forms a hypothesis, this acts like a map through the
research study. It tells the researcher which factors are important to study and how they might be
related to each other or caused by a manipulation that the researcher introduces (e.g. a program,
treatment or change in the environment). With this map, the researcher can interpret the
information he/she collects and can make sound conclusions about the results.
Research can be done with human beings, animals, plants, other organisms and inorganic
matter. When research is done with human beings and animals, it must follow specific rules about
the treatment of humans and animals that have been created by the U.S. Federal Government. This
ensures that humans and animals are treated with dignity and respect, and that the research causes
minimal harm.
No matter what topic is being studied, the value of the research depends on how well it is
designed and done. Therefore, one of the most important considerations in doing good research is
to follow the design or plan that is developed by an experienced researcher who is called
the Principal Investigator (PI). The PI is in charge of all aspects of the research and creates what
is called a protocol (the research plan) that all people doing the research must follow. By doing
so, the PI and the public can be sure that the results of the research are real and useful to other
scientists.

WHAT DO YOU EXPECT TO LEARN?

After studying this unit, you are expected to be able to:

❖ share research experiences and knowledge;

 ❖ explains the importance of research in daily life;
❖ describes characteristics, processes, and ethics of research;
❖ differentiates quantitative from qualitative research; and
❖ provide examples of research in areas of interest (arts, humanities, sports,
science, business, agriculture and fisheries, information and
communication technology, and social inquiry).

HOW ARE YOU GOING TO LEARN?

This icon signals a pre-test that you need to answer to determine

how much you about the topic. At every pre-test, you will find a
question to answer. Write your answers in the blank provided for
or as instructed in the pre-test. If you cannot answer a question
may leave it blank. But see to it that you go back to check after you
have studied or read the text.

You will find this icon before some chunks of text in the following
pages. It tells you to carefully study the concepts, principles, or
processes discussed in the text. It also tells you that there is a
question to answer or an idea to think about it.

This icon introduces a list of important ideas to remember. Read it

carefully and keep it in mind.
From the good habit of reviewing the text and how much time,
effort, interest and patience you invest in your learning will
determine how sure you are in having good scores in the
checkpoint. Your attitude will help you learn more and effectively
that makes you a better learner.
You will find this icon at the end of every lesson. It signals a self-
test to determine how well you have achieved the objectives set in
the unit. Study the lesson well and you will perform quite well in
the self-test. This will be submitted to your teacher after you
answering the self-test. Write legibly and always follow instructions
properly.
This icon tells you of an assignment you have to perform. The
quality of your output from this assignment will show the extent to
which you can apply what have you learned from the lesson. Submit
this also to your teacher at the date specified.
 Are you now set to perform the activity, answer the questions, and read
the texts? If so, then you may get your ball pen and notebook as I will request
you to answer the questions included herein.

Good luck, enjoy reading and doing the activity. God bless.

LESSON 1: QUALIITATIVE RESEARCH – CHARACTERISTICS,

PROCESSES and ETHICS

PRE-TEST QUESTIONS:

Answer the questions below. Follow instructions properly.

I. TRUE or FALSE. Write QUANTITATIVE after the item when the sentence is true while
QUALITATIVE if the statement is false.

1. In quantitative research, researchers know in advance what they are looking for.
_______________
2. Quantitative research can be easily misinterpreted because it provides numerical
data. _______________
3. Quantitative research puts emphasis on proof, rather than discovery.
_______________
4. Normative research is conducted by researcher whose aim would be to find out the
direction and/or relationship between different variables or group of respondents
under study. _________________
5. Qualitative research requires a large number of respondents. It assumes that the
larger the sample is, the more statistically accurate the findings are.
___________________
6. Evaluation describes the status of a phenomenon at a particular time. It describes
without value judgment a situation that prevents. ____________________
7. Correlational is conducted by researchers whose aim would be to find out the
direction and/or relationship between different variables or groups of respondents
under study. _____________________
8. Methodological is the implementation of a variety of methodologies that forms a
critical part of achieving the goal of developing a scaled-matched approach, where
data from different disciplines can be integrated. ___________________
9. One characteristics of quantitative research is that its method can be repeated to
verify findings in another setting, thus, reinforcing validity findings.
_____________________
10. In quantitative experiments itfilters out external factors, if properly designed, and
so the results gained can be seen, as real and unbiased.

II. Put a tick (/) if it describes the characteristics of a Qualitative Research.

1. The very purpose of this type of research is to understand and interpret

social interactions.
2. The data is usually gathered using structured research instruments.
3. Group studies come in smaller and not randomly selected.
4. Variables are studied as a whole and not as mere variables..
5. The types of data collected come in words, images and/or objects.
6. Data are in the form of numbers and statistics, often arranged in tables,
charts, figures, or other non-textual forms.
 7. Emphasis is on discovery rather than proof.
8. Data collected are in the forms of open-ended responses, interview,
participant observation, field notes, case study, and reflections.
9. Identifies patterns, features, and themes in data analysis
10. Researchers and their biases may be known to participants in the study, and
participant characteristics may be known to the researcher.

RESEARCH EXPERIENCE AND KNOWLEDGE

I. Nature of Inquiry
➢ Inquiry is defined as “a seeking for truth, information, or knowledge”. The information is
sought through questioning. The process of inquiry begins with gathering information
and data through applying the various human senses.
➢ Unfortunately, traditional educational system has discouraged the natural process of
inquiry. Students become more inhibited in asking questions and are not challenged
either to answer high-level questions. The students are asked to listen and repeat
expected answers.
➢ The exploratory nature of inquiry allows individuals particularly students to grapple with
different ways of looking at ideas and issues to think creatively about problems that do
not possess simple answer.
➢ The arrival of new information in our lives, means much. Research is not a single
activity. It is multiple and adaptable (https.//newcollege.asu.edu/writing-
program/guide/elements-of-enquiry).

II. Experience and Knowledge

➢ Experience is a familiar and a well-used source of knowledge. By going through
personal experiences, you can find many answers to questions that you may have. It has
been said that experience is the best teacher.
➢ One may be limited in terms of experiences as a source of knowledge. Events may
happen in the same way but may have different effects on individuals.
➢ For things though that are difficult or impossible to know by personal experiences, you
may turn to an authority. In research, knowledge is sought from other people who had
experienced what the problem is or some other sources of expertise.
➢ Authority is a quick and easy source of knowledge but it has also its shortcoming that
you must consider. First, authorities can go wrong. It can happen that people claim to be
experts in a field but may not have the knowledge to prove it. Second, you may find that
authorities disagree among themselves on issues, indicating that their authoritative
statements are often more personal opinion than fact (Walker, 2010 as cited in Carey,
Naval & Prieto, 2017).

III. What is “Research”?

➢ It is the systematic investigation and study of materials and sources to establish facts and
reach new conclusions.
➢ It is a scientific investigation of phenomena which includes collection, presentation,
analysis and interpretation of facts.
➢ Research is an act of studying something carefully and extensively in order to attain deep
knowledge. When done on a larger scale, it contributes to the welfare of humanity. It can
be creative, exploring or just reassuring in nature.
➢ In various spheres of human life, research has come up with developing appropriate
solutions to improve the individual’s quality of life. Although it may take in different
settings and may use different methods, scientific research is universally a systematic
 and objective search for reliable knowledge (Walker, 2010 as cited in Carey, Naval &
Prieto, 2017).

Work on these:
1. What is research? What is inquiry?
2. Is conducting research important in our daily life? Cite specific instances to support
your answer. Present it using a graphic organizer.

Importance of
Research
in Our Daily Life

WHAT IS RESEARCH

➢ It is the systematic investigation and study of materials and sources to establish facts and
reach new conclusions.
➢ It is a scientific investigation of phenomena which includes collection, presentation,
analysis and interpretation of facts.
➢ Research is an act of studying something carefully and extensively in order to attain deep
knowledge. When done on a larger scale, it contributes to the welfare of humanity. It can
be creative, exploring or just reassuring in nature.
➢ In various spheres of human life, research has come up with developing appropriate
solutions to improve the individual’s quality of life. Although it may take in different
settings and may use different methods, scientific research is universally a systematic
and objective search for reliable knowledge (Walker, 2010 as cited in Carey, Naval &
Prieto, 2017).

Why do Research?
➢ Research is a great way to network and meet new people. Undergraduate research allows
you to grow and uncover the opportunities for later career. Undergraduate research is
 conducted in all disciplines and encompasses a broad range of activities from learning
about research to discovering new knowledge and creating new words. It is about solving
problems and answering questions in all disciplines.
➢ When you embark in research, you will need learning experiences composed of a
knowledge component described as the representation of facts, principles, concepts,
procedure and/or theories in a certain subject, characterized by learning, remembering
and/or reproducing and a task performance or skills development component
(nsuworls.nova.edu/tqu/vol7/iss2/3/).

Importance of Research in Daily Life

I. The Role of Research

➢ Our everyday life has always been punctuated by exciting adventures, challenging
situations and surprising discoveries. When confronted with doubts and problems, you
turn to finding out what could be possible answers and solutions to them. This is where
you embark on the process called “research”.
➢ Research leads an expansion of knowledge and discoveries.
➢ Research is a systematic process of collecting and analyzing data or information in order
to increase understanding of a phenomenon.
➢ Research is important in providing a solid foundation for the:
o Discovery and creation of knowledge, theory-building
o Testing, confirmation, revision, and refutation of knowledge as theory
o Advance a discipline or field
o Advancements and improvements in various aspects of life
o Promotion and tenure of individuals

Why conduct research? Justify your answer.

____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
_____

RESEARCH ACROSS THE FIELDS

➢ Research is closely connected with development. The results/findings of studies also

affect society and the lives of each one of us. Research is very vital to our everyday
decision making. The research you do and evidence you gather will be useful for future
endeavors. It hones basic life skills and makes learning a lifelong endeavor.
➢ Research fills in the need to love reading, writing, analyzing, and sharing valuable
information.

Research and Other Fields/Areas

 ➢ Research leads to an expansion of knowledge and discoveries of new medical treatment
and cures.
➢ Research efforts have also led to break through in agriculture such as the introduction of
highly-yield and drought-resistant varieties.
➢ Projections of effects of global warming have likewise been determined through
research.
➢ Through research findings, psychologists are able to explain the individual’s behaviors
including how people think and act in certain ways. This helps to determine disorders
and their impact on the person and society which can lead to developing or discovering
appropriate treatments to improve the individual’s quality of life.
➢ In business, market research enables companies to make forecasts and formulate the
needed strategies to ensure their growth and survival.
➢ Business properties conduct surveys and feasibility studies to find out the needs of the
community.
➢ In academic institutions, research may be done independently or as a part of a group. It
can be a useful learning process, challenging students and teachers to work together and
grow intellectually as they conduct their study.
➢ Economic research refers to matters concerning the environment and which may lead to
improved techniques to ensure sustainable food production.
➢ Social research leads to an increased knowledge of people and their interactions with one
another, which could be relevant to policy makers
➢ Environmental research focuses on improved techniques to ensure sustainable food
production
➢ Cultural research leads to increased understanding of cultural values or social approaches
➢ Health research contributes to a better understanding of the causes of medical conditions.

Characteristics, Processes and Ethics of Research

I. Characteristics of Research
➢ Empirical – Research is based on observations and experimentation of theories.
➢ Systematic – Research follows orderly and sequential procedures, based on valid
procedures and principles.
➢ Controlled – In research, all variables, except those that are tested/experimented on, are
kept constant.
➢ Employs hypothesis – The hypothesis guides the investigation process. Research refers
to a search for facts, answers to questions and solutions to problems.
➢ Analytical – There is a critical analysis of all data used so that there is no error in the
researcher’s interpretations.
➢ Objective – The term refers to the research as unbiased and logical.
➢ Original work – Requires effort to get at the researcher’s own investigation and produce
the data needed to complete the study.

II. Other Characteristics of Qualitative Research

➢ Concern for context and meaning – Qualitative research is bounded by a particular
context which the research aims to study. Since it is context-bound, the human
experience takes its meaning from social, historical, political and cultural influences.
➢ Naturally occurring settings – Qualitative research studies behavior as it happened
naturally in school, classroom, community or an organization. It is based on the premise
that setting affects the findings.
➢ Humans as Instruments – The researcher is the primary instrument for gathering and for
analyzing data. S/he responds to the need for capturing the complexity if human
experience, as well as in adapting and responding to the environment. Only a human
 being can do the field work methods such as the interview, observation and documentary
analysis.
➢ Descriptive Data – data used in qualitative studies are in the form of words or picture or
other visuals rather than numbers and statistics.
➢ Emergent Design – In qualitative research, the design cannot be finalized at the onset
because the researcher continues to adjust his/her methods and ways of proceeding as the
study progresses. It is also difficult to predict what may happen during the actual
interactions between the researcher and the participants.

III. Types of Research

➢ Library Research – done primarily in the library where answers to specific questions or
problems are available.
➢ Field Research – done in the natural setting such as barangay, school, or factory.
➢ Laboratory Research – conducted in an artificial or controlled condition by doing the
study in a thoroughly specified and equipped area.

IV. Ethics and Research

➢ “Ethics” refers to the norms for conduct that distinguish between acceptable and
unacceptable behavior (Resmik, 2015 as cited in Carey, Naval, & Prieto, 2017).
➢ “Ethics” is a method, procedure or perspective for deciding how to act and for analyzing
complex problems and issues.
➢ To be ethical, a research project needs to be designed to create valid outcomes if it is
believed to be pursuing truth (i.e. reliability and validity).
➢ Researchers have the duty to ensure that they do not have deliberately mislead
participants as to the nature of the research.
➢ Researchers have the duty to avoid causing both physical and psychological difficulties
to participants and to socio-political environments in which and with which they work.
➢ In both virtual and physical worlds, researchers are ethically bound to maintain the
privacy of participants including confidentiality for any information they give and
anonymity for their identity (Baez, 2002 as cited in Carey, Naval, & Prieto, 2017).
➢ Research ethics involves the application of fundamental ethical principles to a variety of
topics involving research.

V. Some Ethical Principles

➢ Enumerated below are words and phrases that correspond to principles on which actions
exhibited while doing research are anchored on.
o Honesty 8. Responsible publication
o Objectivity 9. Respect for colleagues
o Integrity 10. Social responsibility
o Carefulness 11. Non-discrimination
o Openness 12. Competence
o Respect for intellectual property 13. Legality
o Confidentiality
➢ For a passionate researcher, there is a risk of being tempted to consider unethical
research practice in order to try to obtain and /or certain some of the data.

VI. Ethical Considerations in Qualitative Research

➢ The researcher is expected to act professionally, maintaining respect towards them. the
issues of anonymity and confidentiality are to be observed. In field notes particularly,
when conducting a sensitive research, false names or code numbers are used to keep
track of what information came from whom without their identities.
 ➢ The researcher is expected to give back to the subjects/participants of the research and to
show appreciation for their commitment of time, effort and cooperation. These acts may
be to provide a written report, present findings in an assembly, give assistance or advice
on other research projects at their workplace and others.
➢ The researcher writes a letter and seeks to be allowed to conduct a study. If changes
happen in the course of the investigation, s/he needs to get an approval for the
continuance of the study.

VII. The Research Process

1. Define research problem
2. Review the literature
3. Formulate hypothesis
4. Design research
5. Collect data
6. Analyze data
7. Interpret and report

Find time to do these:

1. Definition of Plagiarism” by Martin, Ohmann, and Wheatley.

2. Write a one-page reflection paper on plagiarism in the Philippines. Be guided by
the following questions:
a. How does the general public view plagiarism?
b. Do you believe that we are a nation of copycats?

KEEP THIS IN MIND.

Differences Between Quantitative and Qualitative Research

(Johnson, B. & Christensen, L. (2008) and Lichtman, M. (2006) as cited in Carey, T. , Naval, V. , & Prieto, N. (2017))

Criteria Qualitative Research Quantitative Research

Purpose To understand and interpret To test hypotheses, look at
social interactions cause and effect, and make
conclusions
Group Studies Smaller and not randomly Larger and randomly selected
selected
Variables Study of the whole, not Specific variables studied
variables
Type of Data Collected Words, images, or objects Numbers and statistics
Form of Data Collected Qualitative data such as Quantitative data based in
open-ended responses, precise measurements using
interview, participant structured and validated data-
observations, field notes, and collection instruments
reflections
Type of Data Analysis Identify patterns, features and Identify statistical
themes relationships
Objectivity and Subjectivity Subjectivity is expected Objectivity is critical
Role of Researcher Researchers and their biases Researcher and their biases
may be known to participants not known to participants in
in the study, and participant the study and participant
characteristics may be known characteristics are
to the researcher deliberately hidden from the
researcher
Results Particular or specialized Generalizable findings that
findings that is less can be applied to other
generalizable populations
Scientific Method Exploratory or bottom-up: Confirmatory or top-down:
generation of new hypothesis the researcher tests the
and theory from the data hypothesis and theory with
collected the data
View of Human Behavior Dynamic, situational, social, Regular and predictable
and personal
Most Common Research Explore, discover, and Describe, explain, and predict
Objectives construct
Focus Wide-angle lens, examines Narrow-angle lens, tests
the breadth and depth of specific hypotheses
phenomena
Nature of Observation Study behavior in a natural Study behavior under
environment controlled conditions; isolate
causal effects
Nature of Reality Multiple realities; subjective Single reality; objective
Final Report Narrative report with Statistical report with
contextual description and correlations, comparisons of
direct quotations from means, and statistical
research participants significance of findings

➢ Over time, a new methodology came to the field resulting in the “mixed methods” which
combine both quantitative and qualitative methods in the same study. It is believed that
this combined method provides a more complete explanation of the research findings
than using one method alone.

MIND CHALLENGE. Answer the following questions, follow the directions

given.
I. NON-STOP WRITING. In 10 mins., write your concise learning about the following.
1. What is qualitative research?
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
____
2. What are the characteristics of quantitative research that make it different from
qualitative research?
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
 _______________________________________________________________________
_________

TYPES AND EXAMPLES OF RESEARCH IN DIFFERENT AREAS/FIELDS

➢ Applied Research – is designed to solve problems of the modern world, rather than to
acquire knowledge for knowledge’s sake; its goal is to improve human condition
(https.//en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Research_Methods/Types Research). It is used to find
solutions to every day problems, current illnesses and develop technologies.

➢ Basic Research (Fundamental or Pure Research) – is driven by a scientist’s curiosity or

interest in scientific question. The main motivation is to extend man’s knowledge, not to
create or invent things, this research is designed to add to an organized body of scientific
knowledge ad does not necessarily produce results or practical value.

➢ Correlational Research – refers to the systematic investigation or statistical study of

relationships among two or more variables, without necessarily determining cause and
effect. It seeks to establish a relation or association between two or more variables that
do not readily lend themselves to experimental manipulation.

➢ Descriptive or Statistical Research – refers to research that provides an accurate portrayal

of a class or a particular individual situation or group. It deals with everything that can
be counted and measured and which has an impact on people or communities.

➢ Ethnographic Research – refers to the investigation of a culture through an in-depth

study of the members of the culture; it involves the systematic collection, description and
analysis of the data for development of theories of cultural behavior. It attempts to
understand what is happening naturally in the setting and to interpret the data gathered so
implications could be formed from those data.

➢ Experimental Research – is an objective, systematic, controlled investigation, for the

purpose of predicting and controlling phenomena and examining probability and
causality among selected variables. It best establishes cause-effect relationship. This type
of research studies the effects of the variables on each other.
➢ Exploratory Research – is a type conducted for a problem that has not been clearly
defined.

➢ Historical Research – involves analysis of events that occurred in the remote or recent
past. It can show patterns that occurred in the past and over time which can help to see
where we came from and what kind of solutions we have used in the past.

➢ Phenomenological research – an inductive descriptive research developed from

phenomenological philosophy. Its aim is to describe an experience as it is actually lived
by the person. It is concerned with the study of experience from the perspective of the
individual. The researcher in this type of research attempts to understand one or more
individuals’ experiences of a phenomenon by one or more individual.
 ➢ Action Research – involves the application of the steps of the scientific method in the
classroom problems. This type of research is done on a very limited scope. The
population to be studied is not so big. This type of research is helpful to beginning
researchers.

➢ Content Analysis – is applied to written or visual materials such as textbooks,

newspaper, web pages, for the purpose of identifying specified characteristics of the
materials.

ASSIGNMENT: RESEARCH WORK. Research 15 different titles of research in a research

reports and classify them to any of the types we have discussed. Choose only qualitative research
titles. Follow the format below.
RESEARCH TITLE TYPE
1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

9.

10.

11.

12.

13.

14.

15.
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