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Sample Questions For Unit1

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Unit I and I . Section - 1 KEY POINTS Quantization of charge ic Coulomb’s force N In vector form Dielectric constant (or relative Unit less permitivity) Hence F, > F,, as free space has minimum permitivity pa 1 Linear charge density i Cow 4 2 Surface charge density rai Cor 4 e ‘Volume charge density De, Cor 2 F Electric field due toa E= Lt —(theoretical) 0 dy point charge iG numerical, weuse E ) Unit III-IV © The components of electric field, Torque on a dipole in a uniform electric field Electric dipole moment Potential energy of a dipole ina uniform electric field Electric field on axial line of an electric dipole Electric field on equatorial line of an electric dipole Electric field as a gradient of potential Electric potential differences between ponts A & B Electric potential at a point © Physics Class - X11) NCcT © ane px E (ort =p sind) Nm 4-2a)or| p |=4(2a) cm =) U=-— p-E (or U=—pE cos 0) J 1 2pr £* Nc? ut” Gags Gat When2a Gaussian surface Electric field due to line charge NC" (or Vim) Electric field due to an infinite plane sheet of charge Electric field between two infinitely E = charged plane parallel sheets having change density +s and —» Electric field due to a uniformly charged spherical shell o When r=R, Ey = — & When r E ~ electric fluid += Relaxation time harge on electrons. current and m= mass of electron Drift Velocity n= number density of electrons Ohm's Law Vv-RI A= Cross Section Arca a Resistance R a V=potential difference across conductor ; RA__m Specific Resistance p= = 1 length of conductor T net or Resistivity Current density j= VA= eV, Electrical Conductivity 6 = Lip Resistances in Series Parallel Combination Temperature Dependance of R,= Resistance at °C 4 = Cofficent of temprature Resistance ' 1 Temperature Internal Resistance (= = y R stance at 0°C ofa cell VY Power P= E Calls in Series Eeq=E, +E, AH EE Equivalent emf Feq~E, -E, ,>E, -—|| aE, E>E g—Hh-3 Equivalent Internal tgq=7, +73 E, & EB, are emf of two cells Resistance . Mobility (11) % CGS unit > Cms'v! ST unit > M's svt Unit I-IV © rand r, are their internal resistances respectively ne Equivalent Current rR n= no, of cells in series. nr 13. Cells in parallel Equivalent emf. 13+ Eni a heh Equivalent resistance Equivalent Current ‘m= number of cells in parallel 14, Kirchhoff’s Laws Zi=O(ata junction) i= Current BiR=EEorEiR=0 R= Resistance (in a closed loop) oo E=emf. 15, Wheatstone Bridge P,Q Rand S are resistances in (balanced condition) ‘Ohm in four arms of Wheatstone Bridge 100-. 1. sie vie tger5-(!0)p metre Bridge 17. Potentiometer BA Comparison of Emf Sb = 1 1, and /, are balancing lengths E, . oie on potentiometer wire for cells and E, Internal Resistance J, and J, are balancing lengths on potentiometer wire for emt E and Pot. diff. V across R. Physics Class - X11) UNIT-I & UNIT-I ELECTROSTATICS AND CURRENT ELECTRICITY 1. Ans. Ans. Ans. 6. Ans. (SECTION - A) VERY SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS (1 MARK) Draw schematically an equipotential surface of a uniform electrostatic field along x-axis Sketch field lines due to (i) two equal positive charges near each other (ii) Name the physical quantity whose SI unit is volt/meter. Is ita scalar or a vector quantity ? Electric field intensity. It is a vector quantity, Two point charges repel each other with a force F when placed in water of dielectric constant 81. What will be the force between them when placed the same distance apart in air? for, , ° € Fy= Fy=81F, Electric dipole moment of CuSO, molecule is 3.2 x 108 Cm, Find the separation between copper and sulphate ions. 3.2.x 10% 2x1.6x107 Net capacitance of three identical capacitors connected in parallel is 12 microfarad. What will be the net capacitance when two of them are p= q(2a) = Length of dipole 2a= =10% m connected in (i) parallel (ii) series ? 12 C,= 12uf=s C= = 4Uk WE Unit I-IV @ 7. A charge q is placed at the centre of an imaginary spherical surface. What will be the electric flux due to this charge through any half of the sphere Ans. > == 2° 2q 8. Draw the electric field vs distance (from the centre) graph for (i) a long charged rod having linear charge density 2 > 0 (i spherical shell of radius Rand charge Q > 0 | I 5 Ans. Lincar Charge Charged conducting spherical shall 9. Diagrammatically represent the position of a dipole in (i) stable (ii) unstable equilibrium when placed in a uniform electric field. Stable equilibrium Unstable equilibrium 10. A charge Q is distributed over a metal sphere of radius R. What is the electric field and electric potential at the centre ? Ans. E = 0, V = kQ/R Ans, Electric field i ide conductor E = 0 w 5 & =o = V= Constant = a0 2 V=Comstant= oR Ee 11, Ifa body contains 1, electrons and n, protons then what is the total charge on the body ? Ans. Q= 4g, +4) +--+ dy (Additive property of charge) Q= (n-ne Physics Class - X11) 2. Ans. 13. Ans. 14, Ans. 15. Ans. 16. Ans. 17. Ans. 18, What is the total positive or negative charge present in 1 molecule of water. H,0 has 10 electrons (2 of hydrogen and 8 of oxygen) Total charge = 10e How does the energy of dipole change when it is rotated from unstable equilibrium to stable equilibrium in a uniform electric field. Work done = pE (cos 180° — cos 0°) =—2pE ie., energy deer Write the ratio of electric field intensity due to a dipole at a point on the equatorial line to the field at a point on the axial line, when the points are at the same distance from the centre of dipole. 2kp kp fain = 3 Equatorial S E Zaxiat ~ 2E, axiat ~ 7Eeguatoria Draw equipotential surface for a dipole An uncharged conductor A placed on an insulating stand is brought near a charged insulated conductor B. What happens to the charge and potential of B? Total charge = 0 + q = remains same. P. D. decreases due to induced charge on A. Apoint charge Q is placed at point O shown in Fig. Is the potential difference Va ~ Vp Positive, negative or zero, if Q is (i) positive (ii) negative charge. ° A B V,— Vp>0 for Q>0and V,~V, <0 forQ<0 As electric field lines are in the direction of decreasing potential An electron and proton are released from rest in a uniform electrostatic field. Which of them will have larger acceleration ? Unit III-IV force ‘Ans, acceleration = n 1 <4, 19. Inan uniform electric field of strength E, a charged particle Q moves point A to point B in the direction of the field and back from B to A. Calculate the ratio of the work done by the electric field in taking the charge particle from A to B and from B to A. Wan_ Waa Wap + Waa IWagl=1-Waal 20. Ifa dipole having charge +2, is placed inside a sphere of radius 2m, what is the net flux linked with the sphere. Net charge _ % & 21. Four charges + g, ~ 4, + q,~ q are placed as shown in the figure. What is Ans, 1 Ans, Net flux = 0 the work done in bringing a test charge from <0 to point 0. A B Here, OA=OB=O0C=0D “4 & q. = Test charge ot ~ D ce fy ka kg AO" OC OB OD W=qy*Vo=0 22. Calculate electric flux linked with a sphere of radius Im and charge of 1C at its centre Ans. Vo Ans, Electric flux linked with the sphare (closed surface) 4 o-oo = & 23. Ifthe metallic conductor shown in the figure is continuously charged from which of the points A, B, C or D does the charge leak first. Justify. Physics Class - X11) Ans, 24, Ans. 25, Ans. 26. Ans. 21. Ans. 28. Charge leaks from A first as surface charge density (0) at A (sharp ends) is more What is dielectric strength ? Write the value of dielectric strength of air. Maximum electric field which can be safely applied across a dielectric before its break down is called dielectric strength. Dielectric strength of air = 3 x 10° Vim. ‘Two charges ~ q and + q are located at points A (0, 0, ~ a) and B (0, 0, + a). How much work is done in moving a test charge from point (b, 0, 0) to Q-4,0,0)? a> 25 W- Fedr= qE.dr=q Edr cos 90°=0 E along equitorial line of dipole is anti-parallel to dipole moment, hence = qx 0=03. If an electron is accelerated by a Potential difference of 1 Volt, Calculate perpendicular to displacement or W = 20 * y * Vequari the gain in energy in Joule and electron volt. Gain in Energy = eV = 1.6 « 109 x 1= 1.6 x 10°95 or AKE le x 1 volt = 1.6 x 10" Cx 1 volt= 1.6 « 10-19) Draw schema ally the equipotential surface corresponding to a field that uniformly increases in magnitude but remains in a constant (say z) direction. E increases therefore, equipotential surface are closer ie., d, > dy. Figure shows six charged lumps of plastic coin, The cross-section of a Guassian surface $ is indicated, What is the net electric flux through the surface ? Unit III-IV Ans. 29, Ans. 30. Ans. 31. Ans. @@ @ ®. **@ ° Without referring to the formula C = ¢ , A/d. Explain why the capacitance of a parallel plate capacitor reduces on increasing the separation between the plates ? P.D.=V=Exd ‘a’ increases hence V increases. Q as C= C decreases. Vv Draw field lines to show the position of null point for two charges + Q, and ~Q, when magnitude of Q, > Q, and mark the position of null point. N= Null point [Qj] > 1Q, |, N is the neutral point. How does the relaxation time of electron in the conductor change when temperature of the conductor decreases. When temperature of the conductor decreases, ionic vibration in the conductor decreases so relaxation time increases Sketch a graph showing variation of resistivity with temperature of (i) Copper (ii) Carbon. Physics Class - X11) Ans. aloa hoa g 3000130 to Temperature TK) -> For Catbon or Copper 33. Of metal and alloys, which one have greater value of temperature coefficient of resistance ? Ans. Metals have greater value of temperature coefficient of resistance than alloys 34. It the formula V=IR true for non-ohmic resistance also ? Ans. Yes, it is true for non-ohmic resistance also, 35, Find the value of / in the given circuit : I ae foo 3A loa 4A BR——_<,— 3A 3A ACL. O3A 2A Clo, 3A 9A TA Ans. On applying Kirchoff current law on junction A, at junetion A 2+3=144 50, T=+1A 36. Two wire one of copper and other of manganin have same resistance and equal length, Which wire is thicker ? Pa Ay Manganin is thicker. Unit III-IV 37. You are given three constants wires P,Q and R of length and area of cross-section (L, A), (ou A) ( 2a) respectively. Which has highest resistance ? 272 Q has the highest resistance, 38, V—I graph for a metallic wire at two different temperatures T, and T, is as shown in the figure. Which of the two temperatures is higher and why ? Ans. Slope of T, is large, so T, represents higher temperature as resistance increases with temperature for a conductor R= Yaa —= slope. 17 slop 39. Out of V-I graph for two different wires A and B, which one represents the wire of low resistance, Justify your answer. Physics Class - X11) Ans.B represent lower resistance. 1 ‘lope of ine slope of line B > slope of line A R0, 4; <0, q,<0 [Ans: Attractive, repulsive] A metal rod of square cross-section area A having length / has current I flowing through it, when a potential difference of V volt is applied across its ends (figure I). Now the rod is cut parallel to its length in two Identical pieces and joined as shown in (figure-II). What potential difference must be maintained across the length 2/ so that the current in the rod is still remains I? —v T T a o (a) Define torque acting on a dipole moment P Placed ina uniform electric field E. Express it in the vector form and point out the direction along which it acts. (&) What happens if'the electric field is non-uniform ? (©) What would happen if the external field is increasing (i) Parallel to P Gi) anti-parallel to p? State the condition under which the terminal potential difference across a battery and its emfare equal When battery is in open circuit i.e. when no current is being drawn from the coll. V,,., = emi of cell or battery Unit III-IV 76. State the condition for maximum current to be drawn from a cell. Ans. 1= 2° for I maximum R= 0 i.e, for maximum current the terminals of - a cell must be short circuited. ELECTROSTATIC SECTION - A For question two statements are given one labelled Assertion A and the other labelled Reason R. Select the correct answer to these question from the codes (a), (b),(c) and (d) as given below: a) BothA& Rare true and R is correct explanation of A b) BothA & Rare but R isnot the correct explanation of A c) AistruebutRis false 4d) AisfalseandR isalso false 77. Assertion : Electronics move away from a region of lower potential to a region of higher potential. Reason : Because are electron is anegatively charged partiels 78. Assertion : Work done in moving any charge between two points on an equipotential surface is zero. Reason : Because are equipotential surface is that surface which was always zero potential atall points onit. 79. Assertion : A point charge q is placed at a distance a/2 directly above the centre of square of side a. The magnitude of electric fuse associated with the square is independent of side length of the square. Reason : Gauss's law is independent of size of Gaussian surface 80. Assertion : Work done in moving a change between any two points in an electrostatic field is independent of the path followed by the charge between these points. Reason : Electrostatic force is not conservative force. 81, Assertion : Netelectric field inside a conductor is zero, Physics Class - X11) 84, Reason : Total positive charge equals total negative charge in a charged conductor. Answer Ke a a) 2) °) @) a) (4) °) 6) °) Assertion and Reason Based Question on Current Electricity For th question, two statements are given-one labelled Assertion A and the other labelled Reason R. Select the correct answer to these question from the codes (a), (b),(c) and (d) as given below. BothAand Rare true and R is the correct explanation of A BothAand Rare true but R is NOT the correct explanation of A AistruebutR is false Ais false and R isalso false Assertion: An electric bulb starts glowing instantly as itis switched on. Reason: Drift velocity of electrons in a metallic wire is very large. Assertion : When cells are connected in parallel to the external load, the effective e.m.f. increases. Reason : All the cells will be sending the current to the external load in the same direction Assertion : Electrons move froma region of higher potential toa region of lower potential, Reason : An electron has less potential energy ata point where potential is higherand vice-versa. Assertion : In series combination of electric bulbs the bulb of lower power emits more light than that of higher powerbulb. Reason : The lower power bulb in series gets more current than higher power bulb, Unit III-IV 86. Assertion : The drift velocity of electrons in a metallic wire decreases, when temperature of the wire increases. Reason : On increasing temperature, conductivity of metallic wire decreases. CASE STUDY ELECTROSTATICS SECTION - B Static Electricity : Static electricity is the build up of an electrical charge on the surface of an object. We see static electricity everyday. When our dry hairs are dressed with a plastic comb, hairs get charged. Lightning is a powerful form of static electricity. Atoms are made up of tiny particles called neutrons, protons and electrons. The neutrons and protons together form the nucleus. The electrons revolve around the outside of the nucleus. A static charge is formed when two surface are rubbed against each other and the electrons move from one object to another. ‘Attempt any 4 sub parts from each question. Each question carries 1 mark. 1. Which atonie particle move from one surface to another in order to form static charge? a) Electrons b) Protons ©) Neutrons d) — Alloftheabove 2. Whatisstatic electricity? a) Electricity that flows in one direction b) Electric! y that constantly changes direction ©) Anelectric charge on the surface ofan object 4) Electricity thatis sent over the air Physics Class - X11) nL Whena charged rodis brought neara neutral paperpiece, then charged rod a) Attracts the paper piece b)Repels the paper piece ©) Neither attract nor repel the paper piece 4) None of the above Which of the following is/are practical application for static electricity? a) Airfilters b) Photocopier ©) Laser printers d)— Allofthe above Which of the following is an example of static electricity? a) Electricity fora light bulb b)Anelectric socket in yourhome c) Your pants sticking to yours legs 4) None ofthe above Air Cleaner In cleaners, the air is passed through a grid which charges the particles in air (like as smoke, dust, pollen etc) positively (usually) and them the air is passed through oppositely charged grid that attracts and retain the charged particles, So clean airis obtained by air cleaner. Attemptonly 4 sub parts vate From each question, Each question carriers 1 Mark. . Collinge ‘Negative charge ona body is dueto (ocgatve) a) Excess of electrons on the body Cargng eid (posite) ) deficiency ofelectrons on the body ©) Passing electric current through the body 4) None of the above When a charged body is placed near neutral piece of paper, it attracts the paperdue to a) Electrical induction b) —_Selfinduction ©)Mutualinduction — d)_—-Noneof theabove When two bodies are rubbed against each other them they get charge due to a) Transfer ofelectrons. b) —_Transferof protons ©)Transferofneutrons d) None of the above ‘Aircleanerworks on a) Magnetism b) current ©) Blectrostaties @)— Mutualinduetion Which of the following is a practical application of static electricity? a) Cyclotron b) Photocopier ¢) Transformer 4d) AcGenerator Answer Key : Static Electricity wm a) Q) °) @) a) (4) a) () °) Answer Key : Air Cleaner aa) Q) a) 8 a) a) °) 6) by Physics Class - X11) 1. Temperature Dependence of Resistivity The resistivity of a material is found to be dependent on the temperature. Different materials do not exhibit the same dependence on temperature. Over a limited range of temperatures, that is not too large, the resistivity ofa metallic conductor is approximately given by pepoll+a(T-T,)] Where p, is the resistivity at a temperature T and p,is the same at a reference temperature T,. a is called the temperature co-efficient of resistivity. For the metals ais positive, meaning that resistivity increase with increasing temperature. for non metals «is negative and for some metal alloys it is very small. 1. Theresistance of insulators- a) increases with increase in temperature b) decreases with increase in temperature ©) is independent of temperature dNone oftheabove 2. Whatis the unit of temperature coefficient of resistivity ? a) Qm’e" b)Qm'e oC dC! 3. Standard resistance coils are made of a)metals D)insulators, e)semiconductors 4d) alloys ofmetal 4, Theresistance values of constantan and manganin would change with temperature, a)very little bylarge o)very large 4) does not change Unit III-IV 5. Theresistivity of metals a) decreases with decrease in temperature b) decreases with increase in temperature c) is independent of temperature d)None of the above IV The Wheatstone bridge works on the principle of null defection i.e. if the ratio of their resistances are equal and no current flows through the circuit given in figure. The working of metre bridge is based on Wheatstone bridge principle. The ‘meter bridge is used to find the resistance of unknown conductor or to compare two unknown resistances. 1 When galvanometer shows null dettech a) VPV> b)Ve d)Can'tbe determined Physics Class - X11) 16. Ans. ‘Wheatstone bridge is a/an: a) A.C. bridge b)D.Cbridge c) High bridge 4) None of these Whetstone bridge is used to measure resistance of various type of wires for a) Determining their effective resistance b) Computing the power dissipation ©) Quality control of wire 4) None of these By using variations on a Wheatstone bridge we can: a) Measure quantities such as voitage, currant and power 'b) Measure high resistance values ©) Measure complex power d) Measure quantities such as capacitance, inductance and impedance The given Wheatstone bridge is said to be balanced when ok§ b)P+R-QtS ©)P-Q-R-S A) PR=-QS Answer Key 1(c) 2b) 3(a)_ 4(b) Sf) State the condition for maximum current to be drawn from a cell. I= for I maximum R = 0 ie., for maximum current the terminals of Rtr a cell must be short circuited, Unit III-IV SECTION - C SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS (2 MARKS) 1. 10. i. An oil drop of mass m carrying charge ~ Q is to be held stationary in the gravitational field of the earth, What is the magnitude and direction of the electrostatic field required for this purpose ? Ans.E = mg/Q, downward Draw E and V versus r on the same graph for a point charge. Find position around dipole at which electric potential due to dipole is zero but has non zero electric field intensity. 1 > ‘Ans. Equitorial position, V=0, E = 7 5 (a< 12, The electric potential V at any point in space is given V ~20x* volt, where xis in meter, Calculate the electric intensity at point P (1, 0, 2). Ans. 60 NC) 13. Justify why two equipotential surfaces cannot intersect. 14, Find equivalent capacitance between A and B in the combination given below : each capacitor is of 2 MF. Ans. 6/7 WF A B 15. What is the electric field at O in Figures (i), (ii) and (iii), ABCD is a square of side r. A A BUA B q 7 4 a4 Sq 2, a2 Ny eo D 1 D n c D 1 Ans. (i) Zero, (i) > along OB (iii) “2 along OD ns. (i) Zero, Gi along OB (ii alon (0) Ze10, (1) Gre ye One ane, 8 16, What should be the charge on a sphere of radius 4 em, so that when it is brought in contact with another sphere of radius 2 cm carrying charge of 10 UC, there is no transfer of charge from one sphere to other ? Ans. Va = Vb, Q = 20uC. 17. For an isolated parallel plate capacitor of capacitance C and potential difference V, what will be change in (i) charge on the plates (ii) potential difference across the plates (iii) electric field between the plates (iv) energy stored in the capacitor, when the distance between the plates is increased ? Unit III-IV Ans. (i) No change (ii) increases (iii) No change (iv) increases. 18. Does the maximum charge given to a metallic sphere of radius R depend on whether it is hollow or solid ? Give reason for your answer. Ans. No, charge resides on the surface of conductor. 19. Two charges Q, and Q, are separated by distance r. Under what conditions will the electric field be zero on the line joining them (i) between the charges (ii) outside the charge? Ans, (i) Charge are alike (ii) Unlike charges of unequal magnitude 20. 2. 22, 23. 24, 25. Obtain an expression forthe electric field due to electric dipole a any point on the equatorial line. The electric field component in the figure are E, = 2vi, F. =0. Calculate the electric flux through, (1, 2, 3) the square surfaces of side $m. im 2m Calculate the work required to separate two charges Suc and ~ 2c placed at (- 3 om, 0, 0) and (+ 3 em, 0, 0) infinitely away from each other. Ans. 1.5] What is electric field between the plates with the separation of 2 cm and (i) with air (ii) dielectric medium of dielectric constant K. Electric potential of each plate is marked in the following figure. 150 V 7 @ sov Ans. By=10°NC!, B= WNC! ARAM (Random access Memory) chip a storage device like parallel plate capacitor has a capacity of SSpF. If the capacitor is charged to 5.3V, how many exci trons are on its negative plate ? Ans, 1.8 * 10° The figure shows the Q (charge) versus V (potential) graph for a combination of two capacitors. identify the graph representing the parallel combination, Physics Class - X11) 26. 21. 28. 29, 30. 3. 32. 33. v ‘Ans. A represents parallel combination Calculate the work done in taking a charge of 1 4C in a uniform electric field of 10 N/C from B to C given AB ~ 5 em along the field and AC ~ 10 em perpendicular to electric field. em AB 1c a =z = Ans. = 50x 10° J. Wy. = OF a) and B (0,0, +a) respectively, How much work is done in moving a test charge from point P(7, 0,0) to Q(-3, 0,0)? (zero) The potential at a point A is — 500 V and that at another point B is + 500 V. ‘an = Wace ‘Two charges —q and +g are located at points A (0, 0, What is the work done by external agent to take 2 units (S..) of negative charge from B to A. Way = 20003 How does the (i) Potential energy of mutual interaction (ii) net electrostatic PLE. of two charges change when they are placed in an external electric field. With the help of an example, show that Farad is a very large unit of capacitance. What is meant by dielectric polarisation ? Why does the electric field inside a dielectric decreases when it in placed in an external field ? In charging a capacitor of capacitance C by a source of emf V, energy supplied by the sources QV and the energy stored in the capacitor is “QV. Justify the difference. An electric dipole of dipole moment p, is held perpendicular to an electric field. If the dipole is released does it have (a) only rotational motion Unit III-IV 34. 35. 36. 38. 39, 40. 4. 42. (b) only translatory motion (c) both translatory and rotatory motion explain? The net charge of a system is zero. Will the electric field intensity due to this system also be zero. A point charge Q is kept atthe intersection of (i) face diagonals (ii) diagonals of a cube of side a. What is the electric flux linked with the cube in (i) & (i? There are two large parallel metallic plates S, and S, carrying surface charge densities 6 and o, respectively (6, > 6,) placed at a distance d apart in vacuum. Find the work done by the electric field in moving a point charge qa distance a (a . If Tis the proton with a velocity me? equivalent current, express it in terms of m, e, n In the given circuit, with steady current, calculate the potential drop across the capacitor in terms of V. Physics Class - X11) cl— D OR 58. Acell of e.m-f. ‘E’ and internal resistance ‘r’ is connected across a variable resistor ‘R’, Plot a graph showing the variation of terminal potential “V" with resistance ‘R’. Predict from the graph the condition under which ‘V” becomes equal to “E” 59. Winding of rheostat wire are quite close to each other why do not they get short circuted ? Ans. The wire has a coating of insulating oxide over it which insulate the winding from each other. 60. The current I flows through a wire of radius r and the free electrons drift with velocity v,. When a current 21 flows through the wire of same material but having double the radius, what will be the drift velocity of electrons in this wire Ans. il nae nare y = at 1 “naanye 2° SECTION - D SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS (3 MARKS) 1. Define electrostatic potential and its unit, Obtain expression for electrostatic potential at a point P in the field due to a point charge. 2. Calculate the electrostatic potential energy for a system of three point charges placed at the comers of an equilateral triangle of side ‘a’. 3. What is polarization of charge ? With the help of a diagram show why the electric field bet dielectric slab, Define dielectric constant on the basis of these fields. in the plates of capacitor reduces on introducing a 4, Using Gauss’s theorem in electrostaties, deduce an expression for electric field intensity due to a charged spherical shell at a point (i) inside (ii) on Unit III-IV its surface (iii) outside it. Graphically show the variation of electrie field intensity with distance from the centre of shell, 5. Three capacitors are connected first in series and then in parallel. Find the equivalent capacitance for each type of combination. 6. A charge Q is distributed over two concentric hollow sphere of radii r and R (R > r), such that their surface density of charges are equal. Find Potential at the common centre. Derive an expression for the energy density of a parallel plate capacitor. You are given an air filled parallel plate capacitor. Two slabs of dielectric constants K, and K, having been filled in between the two plates of the capacitor as shown in Fig. What will be the capacitance of the capacitor of initial area was A distance between plates d? ri K Qi Ans. C, =(K, + K,)C, KKC co - KikiCo (K\* 3) 9, Inthe figure shown, calculate the total flux of the electrostatic field through the sphere S, and S,. The wire AB shown of length / has a liner charge density 4 given % = kx where x is the distance measured along the wire from end A. C) S ot Ans. Total charge on wire AB = Q = frac=axde By Gauss’s theorem. Physics Class - X11) 10. i. 12, 13. 14, 15, 16. Total flux through alae Total flux through Explain why charge given to a hollow conductor is transferred immediately to outer surface of the conductor. Derive an expression for total work done in rotating an electric dipole through an angle 0 in an uniform electric field. Hence calculate the potential energy of the dipole. Define electric flux. Write its SI unit, An electric flux of ¢ units passes normally through a spherical Gaussian surface of radius r, due to point charge placed at the centre (1) What is the charge enclosed by Gaussian surface ? (2) If radius of Gaussian surface is doubled, what will be the flux through it? A conducting slab of thickness ‘1 is introduced between the plates of a parallel plate capacitor, separated by a distance d (¢ < d). Derive an expression for the capacitance of the capacitor. What will be its capacitance when t=? If a dielectric slab is introduced between the plates of a parallel plate capacitor after the battery is disconnected, then how do the following quantities change. (i) Charge (ii) Potential (ii) Capacitance (iv) Energy. ‘What is an equipotential surface ? Write three properties Sketch equipotential surfaces of (i) Isolated point charge (i) Uniform electric field (iii) Dipole If charge Q is given to a parallel plate capacitor and E is the electric field between the plates of the capacitor the force on each plate is 1/2 QE and Unit III-IV 17. 18. 19. 20. if charge Q is placed between the plates experiences a force equal to QE. Give reason to explain the above Two metal spheres A and B of radius r and 2r whose centres are separated by a distance of 6r are given charge Q, are at potential V, and V,. Find the ratio of V,/V,. These spheres are connected to each other with the help of a connecting wire keeping the separation unchanged, what is the amount of charge that will flow through the wire ? Define specific resistance. Write its SI unit. Derive an expression for resistivity of a wire in terms of its material’s parameters, number density of free electrons and relaxation time. ‘A potential difference V is applied across a conductor of length L and diameter D. How are the electric field E and the resistance R of the conductor affected when (i) V is halved (ii) Lis halved (iii) D is doubled, Justify your answer. Define drift velocity. A conductor of length L is connected to a de source of emf. Ifthe length of conductor is tripled by stretching it, keeping E constant, explain how do the following factors would vary in the conductor ? (i) Drift speed of electrons (ii) Resistance and (iii) Resistivity Physics Class - X11) 2. 22, 23. 24, 25. 26, 21. 28, Define conductivity of a substance. Give its SI units. How does it vary with temperature for (i) Copper (ii) Silicon ? Two cells of emfE, and E, having internal resistance r, andr, are connected in parallel. Calculate Beq and req for the combination. The graph A and B shows how the current varies wiht applied potential difference across a filament lamp and nichrome wire respectively. Using the graph, find the ratio of the values of the resistance of filament lamp to the nichrome wire (i) when potential difference across them is 12 V. Oy 4 6 8 0 2 —Vv (i) when potential difference across them is 4V. Give reason for the change in ratio of resistance in (i) and (ii). Electron drift speed is estimated to be only a few mnvs for currents in the range of few amperes ? How then is current established almost the instant a circuit is closed. Give three differences between e.m.f. and terminal potential difference of acell. Define the terms resistivity and conductivity and state their S. I. units. Draw a graph showing the variation of resistivity with temperature for a typical semiconductor. The current flowing through a conductor is 2mA at SOV and 3mA at 60V. Is it an ohmic or non-ohmic conductor ? Give reason. Nichrome and copper wires of same length and area of cross section are connected in series, current is passed through them why does the nichrome wire get heated first ? Unit III-IV 29, Under what conditions is the heat produced in an electric circuit : (i) directly proportional (ii) inversely proportional to the resistance of the circuit. SECTION - E LONG ANSWER QUESTIONS (5 MARKS) 1. ‘Two charged capacitors are connected by a conducting wire. Calculate common potential of capacitors (ii) ratio of their charges at common potential. Show that energy is lost in this process, Derive an expression for the strength of electric field intensity at a point on the axis of a uniformly charged circular coil of radius R carrying charge Q. Derive an expression for potential at any point distant r from the centre O of dipole making an angle 0 with the dipole. Suppose that three points are set at equal distance r = 90 cm from the centre of a dipole, point A and B are on cither side of the dipole on the axis (A closer to +ve charge and B closer to negative charge) point C which is on the perpendicular bisector through the line joining the charges. What would be the electric potential due to the dipole of dipole moment 3.6 10 '9 Cm at points A, B and C? Derive an expression for capacitance of parallel plate capacitor with dielectric slab of thickness 1(t < d) between the plates separated by distance d. How would the following (i) energy (ii) charge, (ii) potential be affected (a) if dielectric slab is introduced with battery disconnected, (b) dielectric slab is introduced after the battery is connected. Derive an expression for torque experienced by dipole placed in uniform electric field. Hence define electric dipole moment State Gauss’s theorem, Derive an expression for the electric field due to a charged plane sheet. Find the potential difference between the plates of a parallel plate capacitor having surface density of charge 5 x 10-8 Cm? with the separation between plates being 4 mm. Define current density. Give its SI unit. Whether it is vector or scalar How does it vary when (i) potential difference across wire increases (ii) length of wire increases (iii) temperature of wire increases (iv) Area of cross-section of wire increases justify your answer re Physics Class - X11) 9. Using Gauss’s theorem obtain an expression for electric field intensity due to a plane sheet of charge. Hence obtain expression for electric field intensity in a parallel plate capacitor. 10, Write any four important results regarding electro statics of conductors. Il. State Kirchhoffs’s rules for electrical networks. Use them to explain the principle of Wheatstone bridge for determining an unknown resistance. How is it realized in actual practice in the laboratory ? Write the formula used, 12. Define emf and terminal potential difference ofa cell. When is the terminal charging potential difference greater than emf ? Explain how emf and terminal potential difference can be compared using a potentiometer and hence determine internal resistance of the cell. 13. For three cells of emf E,, E, and E, with intemal resistance r,, 75, 7 respectively connected in parallel, obtain an expression for net internal resistance and effective current. What would be the maximum current possible if the emf of each cell is E and internal resistance is r each ? 14, Derive an expr dedu 15, How does the internal resistance of a cell change in the following cases- (When concentration of electrolyte is increased Gi)When area of the anode is increased Gii) When temperature of electrolyte is decreased Ans. (i) increases Gi) decrease (iii) increases 16. Explain how does the conductivity of a jon for drift velocity of the electron in conductor, Hen ohm’s law. (i) Metallic conductor (ii) Semi conductor and (iii) Insulator varies with the rise of temperature. 17. Derive expression for equivalent e.m.f. and equivalent resistance of a : (a) Series combination (b) Parallel combination of three cells with em. E,, Ey respectively. :, & intemal resistances r,, 1 Unit III-IV 18. 1 1. Deduce the condition for balance in a Wheatstone bridge, using the Kirchhoff's law NUMERICALS What should be the position of charge 5uC for it to be in equilibrium on the line joining two charges q, =~ 4 uC and g, = 16 uC separated by 9 em. Will the position change for any other value of charge q ? (9 em from —4 uC) ‘Two point charges 4e and ¢ each, at a separation r in air, exert force of magnitude F, They are immersed in a medium of dielectric constant 16, What should be the separation between the charges so that the force between them remains unchanged. (1/4 the original separation) ‘Two capacitors of capacitance 10 uF and 20 pF are connected in seri with a 6V battery. IfE is the energy stored in 20 uF capacitor what will be the total energy supplied by the battery in terms of E. (ok) Two point charges 6 uC and 2 HC are separated by 3 em in free space. Calculate the work done in separating them to infinity, (3.6 joule) ABC is an equilateral triangle of side 10 cm. D is the mid point of BC charge 100 uC, 100nC and 75 uC are placed at B, C and D respectively. What is the force experienced by a | uC positive charge placed at A? (90JZ 10° N) A point charge of 2 uC is kept fixed at the origin, Another point charge of 4 uC is brought from a far point to a distance of 50 cm from origin. (a) Calculate the electrostatic potential energy of the two charge system. Another charge of I1 1C is brought to a point 100 cm from each of the two charges. What is the work done ? (a) 144 105 A5 MeV a particle is projected towards a stationary nucleus of atomic number 40, Calculate distance of closest approach. (1.1 x 10 m) Physics Class - X11) 8 10. Mu. 12, 13. 14, To what potential must a insulated sphere of radius 10 em be charged so that the surface density of charge is equal to | wCim?, (1.13 10V) A slab of material of dielectric constant K has the same area as the plates of parallel plate cap: id where d is separation between plates, How does the capacitance change when the slab is inserted between the plates ? itor but its thickness is A point charge develop. tric field of 40 N/C and a potential difference of 10 J/C at a point. Calculate the magnitude of the charge and the distance from the point charge. (2.9 « 1079 C, 25 cm) an el Figure shows three circuits, each consisting ofa switch and two capacitors initially charged as indicated. After the switch has been closed, in which circuit (if any) will the charges on the left hand capacitor (i) increase (ii) decrease (iii) remain same ? $q, 3q 6g, 3q 6q. 3q 2e © 30 © 2¢ 2e T 2 3 (1 remains unehan; 2 increases, 3 decreases). For what value of C does the equivalent capacitance between A and B is IMF in the given circuit. ¢ —— Sur ro SF ME uF 24 | Sa All capacitance given in micro farad Ans. 2 uF A pendulum bob of mass 80 mg and carrying charge of 3 x 10* C is placed in an horizontal electric field. It comes to equilibrium position at an angle of 37° with the vertical. Calculate the intensity of electric field. (g = 10m/s?) (2 * 104 NIC) Eight charged water droplets each of radius 1 mm and charge 10 x 101°C coalesce to form a single drop. Calculate the potential of the bigger drop. (3600 V) Unit III-IV 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. What potential difference must be applied to produce an electric field that can accelerate an electron to 1/10 of velocity of light. (2.6 x 108 V) A 10 pF capacitor can withstand a maximum voltage of 100 V across it, whereas another 20 F capacitor can withstand a maximum voltage of only 25 V. What is the maximum voltage that can be put across their seri combination ? Three concentric spherical metallic shells A < B < C of radii a, b, ¢ (a> 200W but since current becomes large so it is not advisable to use half the length Unit III-IV 30. Potential difference across terminals of a cell are measured (in volt) against different current (in ampere) flowing through the cell. A graph was drawn which was a straight line ABC. Using the data given in the graph. Determine (i) the emf, (ii) The internal resistance of the cell. Ans. r= SQ emf'=1.4V PD. (volt) 04 08 12 16 20 24 28 Tampere) 31. Four cells each of intemal resistance 0,89 and emf 1.4V, d are connected (i) in series (ii) in parallel, The terminals of the battery are joined to the lamp of resistance 102. Find the current through the lamp and each cell in both the cases. Ans, Is ~ 0.424A, Ip ~ 0.137A current through each cell is 0.034, 32, In the figure, an ammeter A and a resistor of resistance R = 4Q have been connected to the terminals of the source to form a complete circuit. The emf of the source is 12V having an internal resistance of 20. Calculate voltmeter and ammeter reading. Ans. Voltmeter reading : 8V, Ammeter reading = 2A. @ Dv 20 @ iF 33. _ In the circuit shown, the reading of voltmeter is 20V. Calculate resistance of voltmeter, What will be the reading of voltmeter if this is put across 2000 resistance ? ‘Ans Ry =150@, v = 40 Physics Class - X11) ov W 3002 | 2009 ® 34, For the circuit given below, find the potential difference b/w points B and D. Ans. 1.46 Volts A 2% wine Livia c 4! D BV 30 3s, A battery of emf 10V and intemal r resistor. If the current in the circuit is 0.5A, what is the resistance of the resistor ? What is the terminal voltage of the battery when the circuit is closed? istance 3Q is connected to a 36. A network of resistance is connected to a 16V battery with internal resistance of 1 as shown in Fig, on next page. (i) Compute the equivalent resistance of the network. (ii) Obtain the current in each resistor. (ii) Obtain the voltage drop Vag Vac & Ven: 40 20 A BJO ¢ D 49 62 12 Unit III-IV rhe number density of conduction electrons in a Copper Conductor estimated to be 8.5 x 10° m3, How long does an electron take to drift other end ? The area of cross 37. from one end of a wire 3.0 m long to it section of the wire is 2.0 x 10-® m? and it is carrying a current of 3.0 A. A voltmeter of resistance 4009 is used to measure the potential difference 38. across the 100Q resistor in the circuit shown in figure. What will be the reading of voltmeter. sav tu 1002 | 2000 39, Find magnitude of current supplied by battery. Also find potential difference between points P and Q in the given fig. ‘Ans.1A, 1.5V sy sw il 6p 3 iB 3 Gr 40, A copper wire of length 3 m and radius r is nickel plated till its radius becomes 2r. What would be the effective resistance of the wire, if specific resistance of copper and nickel are p, and p, respectively. 3 PP. Ans. R =—> a BP. + Py) Physics Class - X11) 41. 42, 43. 44, Inthe figure, if the potential at point P is 100V, what is the potential at point Q? 3.0W 150V BOW P ‘Ans. —10V Given two resistors X and Y whose resistances are to be determined using an ammeter of resistance 0.5Q and a voltmeter of resistance 20 kQ. It is known that X is in the range of a few ohms, while Y is in the range of several thousand ohm. In each case, which of the two connection shown should be chosen for resistance measurement ? ®- @ a @ Ans, Small resistance : X will be preferred; large resistance : Y will be preferred When resistance of 20 is connected across the terminals of a battery, the current is 0.5A, When the resistance across the terminal is 5Q, the current is 0.25A. (i) Determine the emf of the battery (ii) What will be current drawn from the cell when it is short circuited, Ans. E = 1.5 V,I1= 1.5A. A part of a circuit in steady state, along with the currents flowing in the branches and the resistances, is shown in the figure. Calculate energy stored in the capacitor of 4uF capacitance. Ans. V,, =20V,U=8 x 104 A 3054 59. 2K" 30 4uE 19 19 iB 3V 2A 20 1A Unit III-IV 45. A voltmeter with resistance 500Q is used to measure the emf of a cell of internal resistance 40. What will be the percentage error in the reading of the voltmeter. Ans, 0.8% HINTS FOR 2 MARKS QUESTIONS vas (m= Ye, e Platt Cs 262 6 a c= Sect 7 2. g=E.d5=2xi.dsi = 2xds 1— 0, 9)— 50 Vm, 9, = 150 Vm 28. W, . (Vg — Va) = 2 * 1000 = 2000 I BAT 32, In the capacitor the voltage increases from O to V, hence energy stored will correspond to average which will be % QV. While the source is at constant emf V, So energy supplied will be QV. The difference between the two goes as heat and emf radiations 35. Construct a closed system such that charge is enclosed within it. For the charge on one face, we need to have two cubes place such that charge is, on the common face. According to Gauss’s theorem total flux through the Gaussian surface (both cubes) is equal to4— gq . Therefore the flux through one cube will be equal to eG WO = 92) a 36. Work done = fd cos 0 = gEd cos 0 = Physics Class - X11) 40. 42. 56. 57. 52. 53. 54. Rt Ay 1 Wd R.A, “7h Ah > 2°) 27 ( inseries ned, (V,)=neA,(V), = W2=1 ue ee Vado (Wah _ 2 MAR“ ER= WEF . 10 21 Current through 50= (5 _ 70) != *s Timefor one revolution ~ Inr/v v— speed ev © Onr ee’me? __me* n2nn* Onn’ In steady state the branch containing C can be omitted hence the current 2v-V_ ov R+2R 3R For loop EBCDE Ve-V+2V—1(2R)=0 -¥ > con“ y t illiammeter. To produce large deflection due to small current we need a large number of tums we n Resistance increases. -d a large number of turns in armature coil => Temperature The electron number density is of the order of 10°? mr , => the net current can be very high even if the drift spread is low. V=E+ir = 24015 =2.15V Unit III-IV 14. 21. @ ) ©) HINTS FOR NUMERICALS a 3 nls 4K R= 8473p R= 2mm Q=8q=8 x 10x 10MC 1Q V= dae R = 9x10? x 8 x10 2x10 = 36000 Volt C=C, C,=KC=4C 5 Ceq =C,=Suf C,=20uf v Ve P= 12V,=W, V=9.6 Volt, V,= ee u,_ 20:2 Bo Tow, Physics Class - XII) to-asc- Saf “Yes 4 constant) .6 Volt, V, = 2.4 Volt HINTS FOR 3 MARKS QUESTIONS 16. If’ be the electric field due to each plate (of large dimensions) then net electric field between them E=E’ +B! =F’ =E/2 Force on change Q at some point between the plates F = QE Force on one plate of the capacitor due to another plate F’ = QE’ = QE/2 kg_ 7kq 17. pe Ne 7 or 6r kg 3kg + kg _ Akg oo © 2g dy Veommon™ Frey(r +27) T2neyr ™ Charge transferred equal to af 50 21. y= = 25,0002 T 2x108 V,_ 60 Ry TE Fx 9 20,0000. As resistance changes with I, therefore conductor is non ohmic. 28. Rate of production of heat, P= PR, for given J, P< Rye. Paschrome > Pew ~ Ryichrome ” Ray Of same length and area of cross section 29. (i) If in circuit is constant because H =P? Rr vi (ii) IfV in circuit is constant because H = Ye Unit III-IV NUMERICALS ah by BB 1. va tHe Bs | =k Anas —knbo + knee =4nas (a—b +0) — Ankbo + Ankco When Vy=Ve os Ea-b+o- ac— beh 2=@—- Be c(a—b)=(a—b) (a+b) coat 1. a-cv Total charge Q=Total capacitance in series * voltage 6* 108} x12 10 x 107 coulomb _Q_ 10103 _ Vase 1x19 — OV 10102 Voce," “3x103 2% Physics Class - X11) When B is earthed V, = 0, V, = 10V and V_ =~ 2V. 21. Before dielectric is introduced. =1ev2 E,=9CVs E=E,+E,-CV? After disconnecting the battery and then introducing dielectric E 1 2 5G0V" Q cyy E-E,+Ey 35, E=1(R+/) 10=05(R+3) R=170 V=E-Ir=10-0.5 x3=85V 36. Req=7W Unit III-IV 38. Pad. across voltmeter & 1000 combination 100 x 400 = 03 T9040 A B R/2 39, Vaga 15 Vg=45 Volt Vo-Vp 5 Volt Physics Class - X11)

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