- Mark Scheme /

Question Answer Marks AO Element Notes Guidance

1 transition (elements) 1

2(a) A (1) 3
low melting point / lowest
melting point (1)
does not conduct when molten
/ does not conduct when liquid
(1)

2(b) D (1) 3
does not conduct when solid but
conducts when molten / only
conducts when molten (1)
soluble in water (1)

3 2nd box down ticked (have high 2

densities) (1)
4th box down ticked (have high
melting points) (1)

4 any two from: 2

• act as catalysts
• variable oxidation numbers
• form coloured compounds /
coloured ions
• higher melting point
• higher density
• harder
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Question Answer Marks AO Element Notes Guidance

5(a) N 1

5(b) O 1

5(c) Be 1

5(d) N 1

5(e) Ne 1

5(f) Li 1

6 first box down ticked (iron forms 2

coloured compounds) (1)
second box down ticked (iron
can act as a catalyst) (1)

7 diatomic 1

8 selenium / Se 1

9 helium is inert / helium is 1

unreactive / hydrogen is
flammable / hydrogen is
explosive
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Question Answer Marks AO Element Notes Guidance

10(a) boiling point of chlorine: any 2

value between -180°C and
+50°C (inclusive) (1)
density of iodine: any value
3
between 3.2 g / cm and
3
10.0 g / cm (inclusive) (1)

10(b) increases (down the group) 1

10(c) solid 1

10(d) 3rd box down ticked (light 1

yellow)

11(a) melting point of lithium: values 2

between 110°C and 210°C
(inclusive) (1)
atomic radius of potassium:
values between 190 pm and
240 pm (inclusive) (1)

11(b) decreases (down the group) 1

11(c) there is no trend in thermal 1

conductivity (of the other
elements down the group)
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Question Answer Marks AO Element Notes Guidance

11(d) liquid (1) 2

45 °C is between the melting
points and boiling point / 45 °C
is above the melting point and
below the boiling point (1)

12(a) density of chlorine: any value 2

3 3
between 1 g / cm and 3 g / cm
inclusive (1)
boiling point of iodine: any value
between 115 °C and 320 °C
inclusive (1)

12(b) increases (down the group) 1

12(c) liquid (1) 2

50 °C is between the melting
point and boiling point / 50 °C is
higher than the melting point but
lower than the boiling point (1)

13(a) carbon monoxide 1

13(b) propene 1

13(c) carbon dioxide 1

13(d) chlorine 1

13(e) sulfur dioxide 1

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Question Answer Marks AO Element Notes Guidance

14 1 mark each for any two of: 2

∞ high density ORA for Mg
∞ forms coloured compounds
ORA for Mg
∞ forms ions with different
charges / has variable oxidation
number ORA for Mg
∞ forms complex ions ORA for
Mg
∞ copper is catalyst ORA for
Mg
∞ reference to difference in
chemical properties e.g.
magnesium reacts with dilute
acid / copper does not react with
dilute acid

15 fluorine more reactive than 1

chlorine ORA

16(a) potassium / K 1

16(b) calcium / Ca 1
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Question Answer Marks AO Element Notes Guidance

17 any three from: 3

• high melting point / high boiling
point
• high density
• forms coloured compounds
• forms ions with different
charges / forms ions with variable
valency / form ions with different
oxidation numbers
• forms complex ions
• can be used as a catalyst

18(a) has complete outer (electron) 1

shell / has full outer (electron)
shell / outer shell cannot gain
or lose electron(s)

18(b) lamps / inert atmosphere (in 1

metal extraction)

19(a) bromine (1) 2

potassium iodide (1)

19(b) chlorine more reactive than 1

iodine / iodine less reactive than
chlorine
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Question Answer Marks AO Element Notes Guidance

20(a) chlorine (1) 2

sodium iodide (1)

20(b) chlorine is more reactive than 1

bromine / bromine is less
reactive than chlorine

21(a) any two from: 2

• low melting point or low boiling
point
• soft
• low density

21(b) any one from: 1

• fizz / bubbles
• moves
• floats
• melts / forms a ball
• gets smaller / disappears

22 nickel has: 2
M1 higher density ORA
M2 higher melting point / boiling
point ORA
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Question Answer Marks AO Element Notes Guidance

23 M1 solid 2
M2 black

24 solutions of nickel compounds 1

are coloured ORA

25 form coloured compounds / ions 2

(1)
act as catalysts (1)

26 1 mark each for any 2 of: 2

• high melting point / high boiling
point for Cr ORA for Na
• high density for Cr ORA for
Na
• forms coloured compounds for
Cr ORA for Na
• has more than one oxidation
state / forms ions with different
charges for Cr ORA for Na
• forms complex ions for Cr ORA
for Na
• catalyst for Cr ORA for Na
• hard for Cr ORA for Na
• idea that Cr less reactive than
Na ORA
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Question Answer Marks AO Element Notes Guidance

27(a) M1 Transition element has 2

higher melting point / higher
boiling point ORA
M2 Transition element has
higher density ORA

27(b) good conduction of heat or 1

electricity OR malleability OR
ductility

27(c) 1 mark each for any two of: 2

• catalyst
• more than one or different or
variable oxidation
state / oxidation
number / valency
• coloured compounds
/ coloured ions

28 iodine (1) 2
chlorine is more reactive than
iodine ORA (1)

29(a) state of fluorine: gas (1) 2

boiling point of chlorine: between
– 160 °C and 20 °C (inclusive of
these two values) (1)
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Question Answer Marks AO Element Notes Guidance

29(b) (chlorine is a) gas (at room 1

temperature)

30(a) decrease in hardness down the 1

Group ORA

30(b) any value between 30 (°C) and 1

62 (°C) (inclusive)

30(c) there is no definite trend / the 1

values go down and up / no fixed
pattern

31 bromine is more reactive than 1

iodine ORA

32(a) atomic radius of Rb: any value 2

between 228 and 264 (inclusive
of these values) (1)
relative thermal conductivity of
K: any value between 3.8 and
1.7 (inclusive of these values)
(1)

32(b) decreases down (the Group) / 1

increases up (the Group) /
decreases from sodium to
caesium ORA

32(c) bursts into flame / extremely 1

rapid bubbling / explodes
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Question Answer Marks AO Element Notes Guidance

33 density of iodine: values 1

between 3.10 and 6.35
(excluding these two values)

melting point of At2: values 1

greater than 114 °C but less than
500 °C

colour of At2: black / 1

grey-black
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Question Answer Marks AO Element Notes Guidance

34 One mark each for any 3 of: 3

• Mn has high melting
point/boiling point / ORA for
Na
• Mn has high density / ORA
for Na
• Mn has catalytic activity /
ORA for Na
• Mn forms coloured
compounds / ORA for
Na
• Mn compounds have
variable oxidation
states / form ions with
different charges / ORA for
Na
• Mn is hard / Na is soft / Mn
is strong / Na is weak
• one suitable difference in
chemical properties e.g. Mn
is less reactive than Na
ORA / Na reacts with cold
water / Mn does not react
with cold water
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Question Answer Marks AO Element Notes Guidance

35(a) relative hardness of potassium: 2

between 1 and 3 (exclusive of
these two values) (1)
melting point of rubidium: less
than 63 °C but not lower than
20 °C

35(b) slow bubbling / fewer bubbles 1

than sodium

36(a) any one from: 1

conduct electricity
conduct heat
malleable
ductile
shiny

36(b)(i) any one from: 1

melting point
hardness
strength
density

36(b)(ii) (cobalt) high(er) / (cobalt) 1

strong(er)
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Question Answer Marks AO Element Notes Guidance

37(a) density of fluorine: ALLOW: 2

values lower than 1.56 (but not
0 or negative numbers)
melting point of chlorine:
ALLOW values between –220
and –7 ºC (excluding these two
values)

37(b) lighter because the trend of 1

colour down (the Group) is
towards dark(er) colours /lighter
because the trend of colour up
(the Group) is towards light(er)
colours

37(c) liquid (1) 2

40 ºC is between the melting and
boiling points OR
40 ºC is between –7 ºC and
59 ºC OR
40 ºC is higher than the melting
point AND lower than the boiling
point (1)

38(a) aluminium (1) 2

has the lowest density / has a
low density (1)
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Question Answer Marks AO Element Notes Guidance

38(b) aluminium 2
has the best (electrical)
conductivity

38(c) cobalt AND nickel 1

39(a) water purification / water 1

treatment / killing bacteria / in
(swimming) pools /
disinfectant

39(b) breaking down of a compound / 2

breaking down of a substance
(1)
(using) heat (1)

39(c) any two distinct pollution 2

problems:
• litter OR eyesore
• sticks in gullets OR throats of
birds / animals
• blocking of drains OR
watercourses
• animals gets trapped OR
tangled (in plastic)
• poisonous vapours when
burned
• fills landfill sites
 - Mark Scheme /

Question Answer Marks AO Element Notes Guidance

40 Any two of: 2

• high densities
• high melting points / high
boiling points
• catalysts
• (compounds have) variable
valency / variable oxidation
numbers / form ions with
different charges
• form coloured compounds
• form complex ions

[Total: 118]