Course: UMA 011 (Numerical Analysis)

Instructor: Dr. Amit Kumar,

Associate Professor,

School of Mathematics,

TIET, Patiala

Email: [email protected]

Mob: 9888500451
Newton Raphson method

Let be an approximate root of ( ) .

If is an exact root of ( ) then

( )

( )

( ) ( ) ( ) ( )

Since, is a small so neglecting higher power of

( ) ( )

( )
( )

( )
( )

In general,

( )
( )
Geometrical interpretation

(𝒙𝟎 𝒇(𝒙𝟎 ))

(𝒙𝟏 𝒇(𝒙𝟏 ))

(𝒙𝟐 𝒇(𝒙𝟐 ))

𝒙𝟑 𝒙𝟐 𝒙𝟏 𝒙𝟎

Let be an approximate root of ( ).

The equation of tangent at point

( ( )) is

( ) ( )( )

The tangent cuts the X-axis at so putting and

( ) ( )( )
( )
( )
The equation of tangent at point ( ( )) is

( ) ( )( )

The tangent cuts the X-axis at so putting and

( ) ( )( )
( )
( )

he equation of tangent at point ( ( )) is

( ) ( )( )

The tangent cuts the X-axis at so putting and

( ) ( )( )
( )
( )

Remark
( )
If ( ) tends to 0 then Then tends to infinity. Therefore, newton
( )

rapshon method is useful in cases of large values of ( ).

Find the real root of the equation ( ) using Newton Raphson

method up to four decimal places

Step 1:
Find an interval in which at least one root of the given function exist i.e.,

find two points and such that the given function ( ) ( )

is continuous between and as well as ( ) ( )

Since, ( ) and ( ) and ( )

( ) is continuous between and .

So, and can be considered.

( ) ( )

( )
( )

( )
( )

Step 2:

Iteration 1

( )
( )

Either or or any point between or can

be considered as

Assuming
 ( ) ( )
( ) ( )

Iteration 2

( )
( )

( ) ( )
( ) ( )

Iteration 3

( ) ( )
( ) ( )

Root is .

Remark
( )
If ( ) tends to 0 then Then tends to infinity. Therefore, newton
( )

rapshon method is useful in cases of large values of ( ).

Find the smallest positive root of ( ) ( ) using Newton

Raphson Method.

Do Yourself

Find value of √ using Newton Raphson Method.

Assuming √ , we have and hence,

( )

Do Yourself by considering ( )

Find value of using Newton Raphson Method.

Assuming , we have and hence,

( )

Do Yourself by considering ( )
Secant method

𝑥0 𝑥1 𝑥2 𝑥3

Consider two points ( ( )) and ( ( ))

Draw a chord joining ( ( )) and ( ( ))

Equation of chord is

( ) ( )
( ) ( )

The chord cuts to X axis at i.e., when the value of is 0.

( ) ( )
( ) ( )

( ) ( )
( ) ( )

( ) ( )
( ) ( )

( ) ( )
( ) ( )
 ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
( ) ( )

Consider two points ( ( )) and ( ( ))

Draw a chord joining ( ( )) and ( ( ))

Equation of chord is

( ) ( )
( ) ( )

The chord cuts to X axis at i.e., when the value of is 0.

( ) ( )
( ) ( )

( ) ( )
( ) ( )

( ) ( )
( ) ( )

( ) ( )
( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
( ) ( )

Repeating in the same manner

( ) ( )
( ) ( )
Obtain the root of the equation ( ) up to four decimal

[laces using Secant method by considering and

( ( ) ) ( ( ) )
( )
( ) ( )

( ( ) ) ( ( ) )
( )
( ) ( )

( ( ) ) ( ( ) )
( )
( ) ( )

( ( ) ) ( ( ) )
( )
( ) ( )

( ( ) ) ( ( ) )
( )
( ) ( )

Root up to four decimal places is