Maths IIT-JEE ‘Best Approach’ (MC SIR) Set & Relation

Best Approach

Set & Relation

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Maths IIT-JEE ‘Best Approach’ (MC SIR) Set & Relation

Key Concepts (Sets, Relation)

SET
A set is a collection of well defined objects which are distinct from each other. Set are generally denoted
by capital letters A, B, C, ........ etc. and the elements of the set by small letters a, b, c ....... etc.
If a is an element of a set A, then we write a  A and say a belongs to A.
If a does not belong to A then lwe write a  A.
e.g. the collection of first five prime natural numbers is a set containing the elements 2, 3, 5, 7, 11.

METHODS TO WRITE A SET :

(i) Roster Method or Tabular Method : In this method a set is described by listing elements, separated
by commas and enclose then by curly brackets. Note that while writing the set in roster form, an element
is not generally repeated e.g. the set of letters of word SCHOOL may be written as {S, C, H, O, L}.
(ii) Set builder form (Property Method) : In this we write down a property or rule which gives us all the
element of the set.
A = {x : P(x)} where P(x) is the property by which x  A and colon ( : ) stands for ‘such that’

INTERVALS
Intervals are basically subsets of R. If there are two numbers a, b  R such that a < b, we can define four
types of intervals as follows :
(a) Open interval : (a, b) = {x : a < x < b} i.e. and points are not included.
(b) Closed interval : [a, b] = {x : a  x  b} i.e., and points are also included.
This is possible only when both a and b are finite.
(c) Semi open or semi closed interval : (a, b] = {x : a < x  b} ; [a, b) = {x : a  x < b}
(d) The infinite intervals are defined as follows :
(i) (a, ) = {x : x > a} (ii) [a, ) = {x : x  a}
(iii) (–, b) = {x : x < b} (iv) (–, b] = {x : x  b}
(v) (–, ) = R

TYPES OF SETS
Null set or empty set : A set having no element in it is called an empty set or a null set or void set, it is
denoted by  or { }. A set consisting of at least one element is called a non-empty set or a non-void set.

Singleton set : A set consisting of a single element is called a singleton set.

Finite set : A set which has only finite number of elements is called a finite set.

Order of a finite set : The number of elements in a finite set A is called the order of this set and
denoted by O(A) or n(A). It is also called cardinal number of the set.
e.g. A = {a, b, c, d}  n(A) = 4

Infinite set : A set which has an infinite number of elements is called an infinite set.
Equal sets : Two sets A and B are said to be equal if every element of A is member of B, and every
element of B is a member of A. If sets A and B are equal, we write A = B and if A and B are not equal
then A  B

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Maths IIT-JEE ‘Best Approach’ (MC SIR) Set & Relation
Equivalent sets : Two finite sets A and B are equivalent if their number of elements are same
i.e. n(A) = n(B)
e.g. A = {1, 3, 5, 7}, B = {a, b, c, d}  n(A) = 4 and n(B) = 4
 A and B are equivalent sets
Note : Equal sets are always equivalent but equivalent sets may not be equal

SUBSET AND SUPERSET :

Let A and B be two sets. If every element of A is an element B then A is called a subset of B and B is
called superset of A. We write it as A  B.
e.g. A = {1, 2, 3, 4} and B = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7}  AB
If A is not a subset of B then we write A  B
PROPER SUBSET :
If A is a subset of B but A  B then A is a proper subset of B and we write A  B. Set A is not proper
subset of A so this is improper subset of A
Note : (i) Every set is a subset of itself
(ii) Empty set  is a subset of every set
(iii) A B and B  A  A = B
(iv) The total number of subsets of a finite set containing n elements is 2n.
(v) Number of proper subsets of a set having n elements is 2n – 1.
(vi) Empty set  is proper subset of every set except itself.

POWER SET :
Let A be any set. The set of all subsets of A is called power set of A and is denoted by P(A)
For example, power set of A = {1, 2} is P(A) = {{}, {1}, {2}, {1, 2}}.

UNIVERSAL SET :
A set consisting of all possible elements which occur in the discussion is called a universal set and is
denoted by U.
e.g. if A = {1, 2, 3}, B = {2, 4, 5, 6}, C = {1, 3, 5, 7} then U = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7} can be taken as the
universal set.

SOME OPERATION ON SETS :

(i) Union of two sets : A  B = {x : x  A or x  B}
e.g. A = {1, 2, 3}, B = {2, 3, 4} then A  B = {1, 2, 3, 4}

(ii) Intersection of two sets : A  B = {x : x  A and x  B}

e.g. A = {1, 2, 3}, B = {2, 3, 4} then A  B = {2, 3}

(iii) Difference of two sets : A – B = {x : x  A and x  B}. It is also written as AB'.

Similarly B – A = B  A'
e.g. A = {1, 2, 3}, B = {2, 3, 4} ; A – B = {1}

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Maths IIT-JEE ‘Best Approach’ (MC SIR) Set & Relation
(iv) Symmetric difference of sets : It is denoted by A  B and A  B = (A – B)  (B – A)
(v) Complement of a set : A' = {x : x  A but x  U} = U – A
e.g. U = {1, 2,........, 10}, A = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5} then A' = {6, 7, 8, 9, 10}

(vi) Disjoint sets : If A  B = , then A, B are disjoint

e.g. If A = {1, 2, 3}, B = {7, 8, 9} then A  B = 

VENN DIAGRAM :
Most of the relationships between sets can be represented by means of diagrams which are known as
venn diagrams.These diagrams consist of a rectangle for universal set and circles in the rectangle for
subsets of universal set. The elements of the sets are written in respective circles.
For example If A = {1, 2, 3}, B = {3, 4, 5}, U = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8} then their venn diagram is

A B A B A–B B–A

A' (A B) = (A – B)
 (B – A) Disjoint

LAWS OF ALGEBRA OF SETS (PROPERTIES OF SETS):

(i) Commutative law : (A  B) = B  A ; A  B = B  A
(ii) Associative law : (A  B)  C = A  (B  C) ; (A  B)  C = A  (B  C)
(iii) Distributive law : A (B  C) = (A  B)  (A  C) ; A  (B  C) = (A  B)  (A  C)
(iv) De-morgan law : (A  B)' = A'  B' ; (A  B)' = A'  B'
(v) Identity law : A  U = A ; A   = A
(vi) Complement law : A  A' = U, A  A' = , (A')' = A
(vii) Idempotent law : A  A = A, A  A = A

Note : (i) A – (B  C) = (A – B)  (A – C) ; A – (B  C) = (A – B)  (A – C)
(ii) A   = , A  U = U

SOME IMPORTANT RESULTS ON NUMBER OF ELEMENTS IN SETS :

If A, B, C are finite sets and U be the finite universal set then

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(i) n(A  B) = n(A) + n(B) – n(A  B)

(ii) n(A – B) = n(A) – n(A  B)

(iii) n(A  B  C) = n(A) + n(B) + n(C) – n(A  B) – n(B  C) – n(A  C) + n(A  B  C)

(iv) Number of elements in exactly two of the sets A, B, C

= n(A  B) + n(B  C) + n(C  A) – 3n(A  B  C)

(v) Number of elements in exactly one of the sets A, B, C

= n(A) + n(B) + n(C) – 2n(A  B) – 2n(A  B) – 2n(B  C) – 2n(A  C) + 3n(A  B  C)
ORDERED PAIR :
A pair of objects listed in a specific order is called an ordered pair. It is written by listing the two objects
in specific order separating them by a comma and enclosing the pair in parantheses.
In the ordered pair (a, b), a is called the first element and b is called the second element.
Two ordered pairs are said to be equal if their corresponding elements are equal. i.e.
(a, b) = (c, d) if a = c and b = d.

CARTESIAN PRODUCT :
The set of all possible ordered pairs (a, b), where a  A and b  B i.e. {(a, b) ; a  A and b  B} is
called the cartesian product of A to B and is denoted by A × B. Usually A × B  B × A.
Similarly A × B × C = {(a, b, c) : a  A, b  B, c  C} is called ordered triplet.

RELATION:
Let A and B be two sets. Then a relation R from A to B is a subset of A × B. Thus, R is a relation
from A to B  R  A × B. The subsets is derived by describing a relationship between the
first element and the second element of ordered pairs in A × B e.g. if A = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8}
and B = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5} and R = {(a, b) : a = b2, a  A, b  B} then R = {(1, 1), (4, 2)}.
Here a R b  1 R 1, 4 R 2,.

NOTE :
(i) Let A and B be two non-empty finite sets consisting of m and n elements respectively. Then A × B
consists of mn ordered pairs. So total number of subsets of A × B i.e. number of relations from A to B is
2mn.
(ii) A relation R from A to A is called a relation on A.

DOMAIN AND RANGE OF A RELATION :

Let R be a relation from a set A to a set B. Then the set of all first components of coordinates of the ordered
pairs belonging to R is called to domain of R, while the set of all second components of coordinates of the
ordered pairs in R is called the range of R.
Thus, Dom (R) = {a : (a, b)  R} and Range (R) = {b : (a, b)  R}

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Maths IIT-JEE ‘Best Approach’ (MC SIR) Set & Relation
It is evident from the definition that the domain of a relation from A to B is a subset of A and its range is
a subset of B.
TYPES OF RELATIONS :
In this section we intend to define various types of relations on a given set A.
(i) Void relation : Let A be a set. Then   A × A and so it is a relation on A. This relation is called the void
or empty relation on A.

(ii) Universal relation : Let A be a set. Then A × A  A × A and so it is a relation on A. This relation is
called the universal relation on A.

(iii) Identity relation : Let A be a set. Then the relation IA = {(a, a) : a  A} on A is called the identity
relation on A. In other words, a relation IA on A is called the identity relation if every element of A is
related to itself only.

(iv) Reflexive relation : A relation R on a set A is said to be reflexive if every element of A is related to
itself. Thus, R on a set A is not reflexive if there exists an element a  A such that (a, a)  R.
Note : Every identity relation is reflexive but every reflexive relation is not identity.

(v) Symmetric relation : A relation R on a set A is said to be a symmetric relation iff

(a, b)  R  (b ,a)  R for all a, b  A. i.e. a R b  b R a for all a, b  A.

(vi) Transitive relation : Let A be any set. A relation R on A is said to be a transitive relation iff (a, b)  R and
(b, c)  R  (a, c)  R for all a, b, c  A i.e. a R b and b R c  a R c for all a, b, c  A

(vii) Equivalence relation : A relation R on a set A is said to be an equivalence relation on A iff

(i) it is reflexive i.e. (a, a)  R for all a  A
(ii) it is symmetric i.e. (a, b)  R  (b, a)  R for all a, b  A
(iii) it is transitive i.e. (a, b)  R and (b, c)  R  (a, c)  R for all a, b, c  A

Equivalence Classes :
Let R be an equivalence realtion on a set A. The set of all elements which are related to an elements x
of set A is called the equivalence class of x.
[x]  {y | (x, y)  R}

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Maths IIT-JEE ‘Best Approach’ (MC SIR) Set & Relation

SOLVED EXAMPLES
1. Express set B = {x2 : x < 4, x  W} in roster form
Sol. B = {0, 1, 4, 9}

2. Express set A = {2, 5, 10, 17, 26} in set builder form

Sol. A = {x : x = n2 + 1, nN, 1  n  5}

3. Identify the type of set :

(i) A = {x  N : 5 < x < 6} (ii) A = {a, b, c}
(iii) A = {1, 2, 3, 4, .......} (iv) A = {1, 2, 6, 7} and B = {6, 1, 2, 7, 7}
(v) A = {0}
Sol. (i) Null set (ii) finite set
(iii) infinite set (iv) equal sets
(v) singleton set

4. Find power set of set A = {1, 2}

Sol. P(A) = {, {1}, {2}, {1, 2}}

5. If  denotes null set then find P(P(P()))

Sol. Let P() = {}
P(P()) = {,{}}
P(P(P())) = {, {}, {{}}, {, {}}}

6. Let A = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}, B = {2, 4, 6, 8}. Find A – B and B – A.

Sol. A – B = {x : x  A and x  B} = {1, 3, 5}
similarly B – A = {8}

7. Use Venn diagram to prove that A  B  B  A.

Sol.

From venn diagram we can conclude that B  A.

8. Prove that if A  B = C and A  B =  then A = C – B.

Sol. Let x A xAB xC ( AB = C)
Now A B =  xB ( x  A)
 x C – B ( x  C and x  B)
 AC–B
Let xC–B  x  C and x  B
 x A B and x  B  x A  C – B A
 A=C–B
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Maths IIT-JEE ‘Best Approach’ (MC SIR) Set & Relation
9. In a group of 40 students, 26 take tea, 18 take coffee and 8 take neither of the two. How many take
both tea and coffee ?
Sol. n(U) = 40, n(T) = 26, n(C) = 18
n(T  C) = 8  n(T  C) = 8
 n(U) – n(T  C) = 8
 n(T  C) = 32
 n(T) + n(C) – n(T  C) = 32
 n(T  C) = 12

10. In a group of 50 persons, 14 drink tea but not coffee and 30 drink tea. Find
(i) How many drink tea and coffee both ?
(ii) How many drink coffee but not tea ?
Sol. T : people drinking tea
C : people drinking coffee
(i) n(T) = n(T – C) + n(T  C)  30 = 14 + n(T  C)  n(T  C) = 16

(ii) n(C – T) = n(T  C) – n(T) = 50 – 30 = 20

11. Which of the following are identity relations on set A = {1, 2, 3}.
R1 = {(1, 1), (2, 2)}, R2 = {(1, 1), (2, 2), (3, 3), (1, 3)}, R3 = {(1, 1), (2, 2), (3, 3)}.
Sol. The relation R3 is identity relation on set A.
R1 is not identity relation on set A as (3, 3)  R1.
R2 is not identity relation on set A as (1, 3)  R2

12. Prove that on the set N of natural numbers, the relation R defined by x R y  x is less than y is transitive.
Sol. Because for any x, y, z  N, x < y and y < z  x < z  x R y and y R z  x R z.
So, R is transitive.

13. Let T be the set of all triangles in a plane with R a relation in T given by R = {(T1 , T2) : T1 is congruent
to T2}. Show that R is an equivalence relation.
Sol. Since a relation R in T is said to be an equivalenece relation if R is reflexive, symmetric and transitive.
(i) Since every triangle is congruent to itself
 R is reflexive
(ii) (T1 , T2)  R
 T1 is congruent to T2
 T2 is congruent to T1
 (T2, T1)  R
Hence R is symmetric

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Maths IIT-JEE ‘Best Approach’ (MC SIR) Set & Relation
(iii) Let (T1, T2)  R and (T2, T3)  R
 T1 is congruent to T2 and T2 is congruent to T3
 T1 is congruent to T3
 (T1, T3)  R
 R is transitive
Hence R is an equivalence relation.

14. Show that the relation R in R defined as R = {(a, b) : a  b} is transitive.

Sol. Let (a, b)  R and (b, c)  R
 (a  b) and b  c  a  c
 (a, c)  R
Hence R is transitive.

15. Show that the relation R in the set {1, 2, 3} given by R = {(1, 2), (2, 1)} is symmetric.
Sol. Let (a, b)  R [ (1, 2)  R]
 (b, a)  R [ (2, 1)  R]
Hence R is symmetric.

16. Three relation R1, R2 are R3 are defined on set A = {a, b, c} as follows :
(i) R1 {(a, a), (a, b), (a, c), (b, b), (b, c), (c, a), (c, b), (c, c)}
(ii) R2 {(a, b), (b, a), (a, c), (c, a)}
(iii) R3 {(a, b), (b, c), (c, a)}
Find whether each of R1, R2 and R3 is reflexive, symmetric and transitive.
Sol. (i) Reflexive : Clearly, (a, a), (b, b), (c, c)  R1. So R1 is reflexive on A.
Symmetric : We observe that (a, b)  R1 but (b, a) R1. So R1 is not symmetric on A.
Transitive : We find that (b, c)  R1 and (c, a)  R1 but (b, a) R1. So, R is not transitive on A.
(ii) Reflexive : Since (a, a), (b, b) and (c, c) are not in R2. So it is not a reflexive relation on A.
Symmetric : We find that the ordered pairs obtained by interchanging the components of ordered
pairs in R2 are also in R2. So R2 is a symmetric relation on A.
Transitive : Clearly (c, a)  R2 and (a, b)  R2 but (c, b)  R2. So, it is not a transitive relation
on R2.

.
(iii) Reflexive : Since non of (a, a), (b, b) and (c, c) is an element of R3. So, R3 is not reflexive on A.
Symmetric : Clearly, (b, c)  R3 but (c, b)  R3. So, is not symmetric on A.
Transitive : Clearly, (b, c) R3 and (c, a)  R3 but (b, a)  R3. So, R3 is not transitive on A.

17. Prove that the relation R on the set Z of all integers defined by
(x, y)  R  x – y is divisible by n
is an equivalence relation on Z.
Sol. We observe the following properties
Reflexivity : For any a  N, we have
a – a = 0 = 0 × n a – a is divisible by n (a, a)  R
Thus, (a, a)  R for all a  Z
So, R is reflexive on Z.

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Maths IIT-JEE ‘Best Approach’ (MC SIR) Set & Relation
Symmetry : Let (a, b)  R. Then,
(a, b)  R (a – b) is divisible by n
 a – b = np for some p  Z
 b – a = n(– p)
 b – a is divisible by n [ p  Z – p  Z]
 (b, a)  R
Thus, (a, b) R (b, a)  R for all a, b,  Z
So, R is symmetric on Z.
Transitivity : Let a, b, c  Z such that (a, b)  R and (b, c)  R. Then,
(a, b)  R  (a – b) is divisible by n.
 a – b = np for some p  Z
(b, c)  R  (b – c) is divisible by n.
 b – c = nq for some q  Z
 (a, b)  R and (b, c)  R.
 a – b = np and b – c – nq
 (a – b) + (b – c) = np + nq
 a – c = n(p + q)
 a – c is divisible by n [ p, q  Z p + q = Z]
 (a, c)  R
Thus, (a, b)  R and (b, c)  R  (a, c)  R for all a, b, c Z. So, R is transitive relation in Z.

18. Show that the relation triangle 1 is congruent to triangle 2 on the set of all triangles in a plane is an
equivalence relation.
Sol. Let S be the set of all triangles in a plane and let R be the relation on S defined by
(1, 2)  R triangle 1 is congruent to triangle 2. We observe the following properties.
Reflexive : For each triangle  S, we have   ()  R for all  S R is reflexive on S.
Symmetric : Let   S such that (1, 2) R.
Then, (1, 2)  R 1 2  (2, 1)  R. So, R is symmetric on S.
Transitive : Let   S such that (1, 2) R and (2, 3)  R.
Then, (1, 2)  R and (2, 3)  R 1 2 and 2 3 1 3 13)  R.
So, R is transitive on S.
Hence, R being reflexive, symmetric and transitive, is an equivalence relation on S.

19. Show that the relation R in the set A = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5} given by R = {(a, b) : |a – b| is even}, is an
equivalence relation. Show that all the elements of {1, 3, 5} are related to each other and all the elements
of {2, 4} are related to each other. But no element of {1, 3, 5} is related to any element of {2, 4}.
Sol. A = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}
R = {(a, b) : |a – b| is even}

It is clear that for any element a  A, we have a  a  0 (which is even).

 R is reflective.
Let (a, b)  R .

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Maths IIT-JEE ‘Best Approach’ (MC SIR) Set & Relation

 a  b is even.

 a  b  b  a is also even.

 (b, a)  R
 R is symmetric.
Now, Let (a, b)  R and (b, c)  R .

 a  b is even and b  c is even.

 (a  b) is even and (b – c) is even.

 (a  c)  (a  b)  (b  c) is even. [Sum of two even integers is even]

 a  c is even

 (a, c)  R
 R is transitive.
Hence , R is an equivalence relation.
All elements of the set {1, 3 , and 5} are relates to each other as all the elements of this subset are
odd. Thus, the modulus of the difference between any two elements will be even.
Similarly, all elements of the set {2,4} are related to each other as all the elements of this subset are
even.
Also, no element of the subset {1, 3, 5} can be related to any element of {2, 4} as all elements of {1,
3, 5} are odd and all elements of {2, 4} are even. Thus, the modulus of the difference between the
two elements (from each of these subsets) will not be even.
Equivalance Class
[1] ={1,3,5}
[2] = {2,4}
[3] = {1,3,5}
[4] = {2,4}
[5] ={1,3,5}

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Maths IIT-JEE ‘Best Approach’ (MC SIR) Set & Relation

EXERCISE - I(SET)
1. The set of intelligent students in a class is-
(A) a null set (B) a singleton set
(C) a finite set (D) not a well defined collection

2. Which of the following is the empty set

(A) {x : x is a real number and x2 – 1 = 0} (B) {x : x is a real number and x2 + 1 = 0}
(C) {x : x is a real number and x2 – 9 = 0} (D) {x : x is a real number and x2 = x + 2}

3. The set A = {x : x R, x2 = 16 and 2x = 6} is

(A) Null set (B) Singleton set (C) Infinite set (D) None of these

4. If A = {x :|x| < 3, x  Z} then the number of subsets of A is -

(A) 120 (B) 30 (C) 31 (D) 32

5. Which of the following are true ?

(A) [3, 7]  (2, 10) (B) (0, )  (4, ) (C) (5, 7]  [5, 7) (D) [2, 7]  (2.9, 8)

6. The number of subsets of the power set of set A = {7, 10, 11} is
(A) 32 (B) 16 (C) 64 (D) 256

7. Sets A and B have 3 and 6 elements respectively. What can be the minimum number of elements in AB
(A) 3 (B) 6 (C) 9 (D) 18

8. Given the sets A = {1, 2, 3}, B = {3, 4}, C = {4, 5, 6}, then A  (B  C) is
(A) {3} (B) {1, 2, 3, 4} (C) {1, 2, 4, 5} (D) {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}

9. Let A = {x : x  R, |x| < 1} , B = {x : x  R, |x – 1|  1} and A B = R – D, then the set D is

(A) {x : 1 < x  2} (B) {x : 1  x < 2} (C) {x : 1  x  2} (D) None of these

10. The smallest set A such that A  {1, 2} = {1, 2, 3, 5, 9} is

(A) {2, 3, 5} (B) {3, 5, 9} (C) {1, 2, 5, 9} (D) None of these

11. Let A and B be two sets. Then

(A) A  B  A  B (B) A  B  A  B (C) A  B = A  B (D) None of these

12. If A = {2, 3, 4, 8, 10}, B = {3, 4, 5, 10, 12}, C = {4, 5, 6, 12, 14} then (A  B)  (A  C) is equal
to
(A) {3, 4, 10} (B) {2, 8, 10} (C) {4, 5, 6} (D) {3, 5, 14}

13. The shaded region in the given figure is

(A) A  (B  C) (B) A  (B  C) (C) A  (B – C) (D) A – (B  C)

14. Let n(U) = 700, n(A) = 200, n(B) = 300 and n(A  B) = 100, then n(A'  B') =
(A) 400 (B) 600 (C) 300 (D) 200

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Maths IIT-JEE ‘Best Approach’ (MC SIR) Set & Relation
15. Let U = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10}, A = {1, 2, 5}, B = {6, 7}, then A  Bis
(A) B (B) A (C) A (D) B

16. If X = {4n – 3n – 1 : n  N} and Y = {9(n – 1) ; n  N}, then X Y is equal to

(A) X (B) Y (C) N (D) None of these

17. Which of the following venn-diagrams best represents the sets of females, mothers and doctors ?

(A) (B) (C) (D)

18. In a college of 300 students, every student reads 5 newspapers and every newspaper is read by 60
students. The number of newspaper is-
(A) at least 30 (B) at most 20 (C) exactly 25 (D) none of these

19. In a town of 10,000 families it was found that 40% families buy newspaper A, 20% families buy newspaper
B and 10% families buy newspaper C, 5% families buy A and B, 3 % buy B and C and 4% buy A and
C. If 2% families buy all the three news papers, then number of families which buy newspaper A only is
(A) 3100 (B) 3300 (C) 2900 (D) 1400

20. In a city 20 percent of the population travels by car, 50 percent travels by bus and 10 percent travels
by both car and bus. Then persons travelling by car or bus is
(A) 80 percent (B) 40 percent (C) 60 percent (D) 70 percent

21. A class has 175 students. The following data shows the number of students obtaining one or more
subjects : Mathematics 100, Physics 70, Chemistry 40, Mathematics and Physics 30, Mathematics
and Chemistry 28, Physics and Chemistry 23, Mathematics & Physics & Chemistry 18. How many
students have offered Mathematics alone ?
(A) 35 (B) 48 (C) 60 (D) 22

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Maths IIT-JEE ‘Best Approach’ (MC SIR) Set & Relation

EXERCISE - II(Relation)
1. If R is a relation from a finite set A having m elements to a finite set B having n elements, then the number
of relations from A to B is-
(A) 2mn (B) 2mn –1
(C) 2mn (D) mn

2. In the set A = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}, a relation R is defined by R = {(x, y) | x, y A and x < y}. Then R is-

(A) Reflexive (B) Symmetric

(C) Transitive (D) None of these

3. For real numbers x and y, we write x R y x – y + 2 is an irrational number. Then the relation R is-

(A) Reflexive (B) Symmetric

(C) Transitive (D) none of these

4. Let X = {1, 2, 3, 4} and Y = {1, 3, 5, 7, 9}. Which of the following is relations from X to Y-
(A) R1 = {(x, y) | y = 2 + x, x X, y Y}
(B) R2 = {(1, 1), (2, 1), (3, 3), (4, 3), (5, 5)}
(C) R3 = {(1, 1), (1, 3), (3, 5), (3, 7), (5, 7)}
(D) R4 = {(1, 3), (2, 5), (2, 4), (7, 9)}

5. Let L denote the set of all straight lines in a plane. Let a relation R be defined by R  ,
, L. Then R is-
(A) Reflexive (B) Symmetric
(C) Transitive (D) none of these

6. Let R be a relation defined in the set of real numbers by a R b 1 + ab > 0. Then R is-

(A) Equivalence relation (B) Transitive

(C) Symmetric (D) Anti-symmetric

7. Which one of the following relations on R is equivalence relation-

(A) x R1y |x| = |y| (B) x R2 y  x  y

(C) x R3y x | y (D) x R4 y x < y

8. Two points P and Q in a plane are related if OP = OQ, where O is a fixed point. This relation is-

(A) Reflexive but symmetric (B) Symmetric but not transitive

(C) An equivalence relation (D) none of these

9. The relation R defined in A = {1, 2, 3} by a R b if |a2 – b2| 5. Which of the following is false-
(A)R ={(1, 1), (2, 2), (3, 3), (2, 1), (1, 2), (2, 3), (3, 2)

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Maths IIT-JEE ‘Best Approach’ (MC SIR) Set & Relation
(B) R–1 = R
(C) Domain of R = {1, 2, 3}
(D) Range of R = {5}

10. Let a relation R is the set N of natural numbers be defined as (x, y) R if and only if x2 – 4xy + 3y2 = 0
for all x, y N. The relation R is-
(A) Reflexive (B) Symmetric
(C) Transitive (D) An equivalence relation

11. Let A = {2, 3, 4, 5} and let R = {(2, 2), (3, 3), (4, 4), (5, 5), (2, 3), (3, 2), (3, 5), (5, 3)} be a relation
in A. Then R is-
(A) Reflexive and transitive (B) Reflexive and symmetric
(C) Reflexive and antisymmetric (D) none of these

12. If A = {2, 3} and B = {1, 2}, then A × B is equal to-

(A) {(2, 1), (2, 2), (3, 1), (3, 2)} (B) {(1, 2), (1, 3), (2, 2), (2, 3)}
(C) {(2, 1), (3, 2)} (D) {(1, 2), (2, 3)}

13. Let R be a relation over the set N × N and it is defined by (a, b) R (c, d) a + d = b + c. Then R is-
(A) Reflexive only (B) Symmetric only
(C) Transitive only (D) An equivalence relation

14. Let N denote the set of all natural numbers and R be the relation on N × N defined by (a, b) R (c, d) if
ad (b + c) = bc(a + d), then R is-
(A) Symmetric only (B) Reflexive only
(C) Transitive only (D) An equivalence relation

15. If A = {1, 2, 3}, B = {1, 4, 6, 9} and R is a relation from A to B defined by 'x is greater than y'. Then
range of R is-
(A) {1, 4, 6, 9} (B) {4, 6, 9}
(C) {1} (D) none of these

16. Let L be the set of all straight lines in the Euclidean plane. Two lines 1 and 2 are said to be related by the
relation R if 1 is parallel to 2. Then the relation R is-
(A) Reflexive (B) Symmetric
(C) Transitive (D) Equivalence

17. A and B are two sets having 3 and 4 elements respectively and having 2 elements in common. The
number of relations which can be defined from A to B is-
(A) 25 (B) 210 – 1
(C) 212 – 1 (D) none of these

18. For n, m N, n|m means that n is a factor of m, the relation | is-
(A) reflexive and symmetric (B) transitive and symmetric
(C) reflexive, transitive and symmetric (D) reflexive, transitive and not symmetric

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Maths IIT-JEE ‘Best Approach’ (MC SIR) Set & Relation
19. Let R = {(x, y) : x, y A, x + y = 5} where A = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5} then
(A) R is not reflexive, symmetric and not transitive
(B) R is an equivalence relation
(C) R is reflexive, symmetric but not transitive
(D) R is not reflexive, not symmetric but transitive

20. Let R be a relation on a set A such that R = R–1 then R is-

(A) reflexive (B) symmetric
(C) transitive (D) none of these

21. Let x, y I and suppose that a relation R on I is defined by x R y if and only if x y then
(A) R is partial order relation (B) R is an equivalence relation
(C) R is reflexive and symmetric (D) R is symmetric and transitive

22. Let R be a relation from a set A to a set B, then-

(A) R = A B (B) R = A B
(C) R A × B (D) R B × A

23. Given the relation R = = {(1, 2), (2, 3)} on the set A = {1, 2, 3}, the minimum number of ordered pairs
which when added to R make it an equivalence relation is-
(A) 5 (B) 6
(C) 7 (D) 8

24. Let P = {(x, y) | x2 + y2 = 1, x, y R} Then P is-

(A) reflexive (B) symmetric
(C) transitive (D) anti-symmetric

25. Let X be a family of sets and R be a relation on X defined by 'A is disjoint from B'. Then R is-

(A) reflexive (B) symmetric

(C) anti-symmetric (D) transitive

26. In order that a relation R defined in a non-empty set A is an equivalence relation, it is sufficient that R

(A) is reflexive (B) is symmetric

(C) is transitive (D) possesses all the above three properties

27. If R be a relation '<' from A = {1, 2, 3, 4} to B = {1, 3, 5} i.e. (a, b) R iff a < b, then ROR–1 is-
(A) {(1, 3), (1, 5), (2, 3), (2, 5), (3, 5), (4, 5)}
(B) {(3, 1), (5, 1), (3, 2), (5, 2), (5, 3), (5, 4)}
(C) {(3, 3), (3, 5), (5, 3), (5, 5)}
(D) {(3, 3), (3, 4), (4, 5)}

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Maths IIT-JEE ‘Best Approach’ (MC SIR) Set & Relation
28. If R is an equivalence relation in a set A, then R–1 is-
(A) reflexive but not symmetric (B) symmetric but not transitive
(C) an equivalence relation (D) none of these

29. Let R and S be two equivalence relations in a set A. Then-

(A) R S is an equivalence relation in A (B) R S is an equivalence relation in A
(C) R – S is an equivalence relation in A (D) none of these

30. Let A = {p, q, r}. Which of the following is an equivalence relation in A ?

(A) R1 = {(p, q), (q, r), (p, r), (p, p)} (B) R2 = {(r, q) (r, p), (r, r), (q, q)}
(C) R3 = {(p, p), (q, q), (r, r), (p, q)} (D) none of these

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Maths IIT-JEE ‘Best Approach’ (MC SIR) Set & Relation

EXERCISE–III

1. Let R = {(1, 3), (4, 2), (2, 4), (2, 3), (3, 1)} be a relation on the set A = {1, 2, 3, 4}. The relation R is-
[AIEEE - 2004]
(A) transitive (B) not symmetric
(C) reflexive (D) a function

2. Let R = {(3, 3), (6, 6), (9, 9), (12, 12), (6, 12), (3, 9), (3, 12), (3, 6)} be relation on the set
A = {3, 6, 9, 12). The relation is- [AIEEE - 2005]
(A) reflexive and transitive only (B) reflexive only
(C) an equilvalence relation (D) reflexive and symmetric only

3. Let W denote the words in the English dictionary. Define the relation R by : R = {(x, y) W × W| the
words x and y have at least one letter in common}. Then R is- [AIEEE - 2006]
(A) reflexive, symmetric and not transitive (B) reflexive, symmetric and transitive
(C) reflexive, not symmetric and transitive (D) not reflexive, symmetric and transitive

4. Let R be the real line. Consider the following subsets of the plane R × R. [AIEEE - 2008]
S = {(x ,y) : y = x + 1 and 0 < x < 2)} T = {(x, y) : x – y is integer}. Which one of the following is true?
(A) neither S nor T is an equivalence relation on R
(B) both S and T are equivalence relations on R
(C) S is an equivalence relation on R but T is not
(D) T is an equivalence relation on R but S is not

5. If A, B and C are three sets such that A  B = A C and A  B = A C, then
[AIEEE-2009]
(A) A = C (B) B = C (C) A  B =  (D) A = B

6. Consider the following relations :-

R = {(x, y) | x, y are real numbers and x = wy for some rational number w} ;
m p
S = {( , ) | m, n, p and q are integers such that n, q  0 and qm = pn}.
n q
Then : [AIEEE - 2010]
(A) R is an equivalence relation but S is not an equivalence relation
(B) Neither R nor S is an equivalence relation
(C) S is an equivalence relation but R is not an equivalence relation
(D) R and S both are equivalence relations

7. Let R be the set of real numbers. [AIEEE - 2011]

Statement-1: A = {(x, y)  R × R : y – x is an integer} is an equivalence relation on R.
Statement-2: B = {(x, y) R × R : x =y for some rational number } is an equivalence relation on R.

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Maths IIT-JEE ‘Best Approach’ (MC SIR) Set & Relation
(A) Statement-1 is true, Statement-2 is false.
(B) Statement-1 is false, Statement-2 is true
(C) Statement-1 is true, Statement-2 is true; Statement-2 is a correct
explanation for Statement-1
(D) Statement-1 is true, Statement-2 is true; Statement-2 is not a correct explanation for Statement-1.

8. In a class of 140 students numbered 1 to 140, all even numbered students opted Mathematics course,
those whose number is divisible by 3 opted Physics course and those whose number is divisible by 5
opted Chemistry course. Then the number of students who did not opt for any of the three courses is :
[JEE Main 2019 (10-01-19-shift-1)]
(A) 42 (B) 102
(C) 38 (D) 1

Let Z be the set of integers. If A = {x  Z : 2    1} and B = {x  Z : 3  2x  1  9} , then the

x  2 x2  5 x  6
9.
number of subsets of the set A × B, is. [JEE Main 2019 (12-01-19-shift-2)]
10
(A) 2 (B) 212
18
(C) 2 (D) 215

10. Two newpapers A and B are published in a city. It is known that 25% of the city population reads A and
20% reads B while 8% reads both A and B. Further, 30% of those who read A but not B look into
advertisements and 40% of those who read B but not A also look into advertisements, while 50% of
those who read both A and B look into advertisements. Then the percentage of the population who look
into advertisements is : [JEE Main 2019 (9-04-19-shift-2)]
(A) 13.9 (B) 13
(C) 12.8 (D) 13.5

11. Let A, B and C be sets such that   A  B  C . Then which of the following statements is not true ?
[JEE Main 2019 (12-04-19-shift-2)]
(A) B  C   (B) If(A-C)  B, then A  B
(C) (C  A)  (C  B)=C (D) If (A-B)  C, then A  C

12. Let X = {n N : 1  n  50}. If

A = {n  X: n is a multiple of 2} and
B = {n  X: n is a multiple of 7}, then the number of elements in the smallest subset
of X containing both A and B is ______. [Jee main 2020 (07-01-2020-shift-2)]

13. A survey shows that 63% of the people in a city read newspaper A whereas 76% read newspaper B. If
x% of the people read both the newspapers, then a possible value of x can be:
[Jee main 2020 (04-09-2020-shift-1)]
(A) 37 (B) 29
(C) 65 (D) 55
50 n
14. Let  X i   Yi  T , where each Xi contains 10 elements and each Yi contains 5 elements. If each
i 1 i 1
element of the set T is an element of exactly 20 of sets Xi ’s and exactly 6 of sets Yi’s, then n is equal to:
[Jee main 2020 (04-09-2020-shift-2)]
(A) 15 (B) 30
(C) 50 (D) 45

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Maths IIT-JEE ‘Best Approach’ (MC SIR) Set & Relation
15. A survey shows that 73% of the persons working in an office like coffee, whereas 65% like tea. If x
denotes the percentage of them, who like both coffee and tea, then x cannot be:
[Jee main 2020 (05-09-2020-shift-1)]
(A) 63 (B) 54
(C) 38 (D) 36

16. Set A has m elements and set B has n elements. If the total number of subsets of A
is 112 more than the total number of subsets of B, then the value of m.n is ______.
[Jee main 2020 (06-09-2020-shift-1)]

17. Let R = {(P, Q) | P and Q are at the same distance from the origin} be a relation, then the equivalence
class of (1, –1) is the set : [Jee main 20201(26-02-2021-shift-1)]
2 2 2 2
(A) S = {(x, y) | x + y = 4} (B) S = {(x, y) | x + y = 1}
2 2
(C) S  {(x, y) | x 2  y 2  2} (D) S = {(x, y) | x + y = 2}

18. Let A = {2, 3, 4, 5, .... , 30} and '  ' be an equivalence relation on A × A, defined by (a, b)  (c, d), if
and only if ad = bc. Then the number of ordered pairs which satisfy this equivalence relation with
ordered pair (4, 3) is equal to : [Jee main 2021 (16-03-2021-shift-2)]
(A) 5 (B) 6
(C) 8 (D) 7

19. In a school, there are three types of games to be played. Some of the students play two types of games,
but none play all the three games. Which Venn diagrams can justify the above statement?
[Jee main 2021 (17-03-2021-shift-1)]

P Q R

(A) P and Q (B) P and R (C) None of these (D) Q and R

20. Let N be the set of natural numbers and a relation R and N be defined by
R = {(x, y)  N × N : x3 – 3x2y – xy2 + 3y3 = 0}. Then the relation R is:
(A) reflexive and symmetric, but not transitive [Jee main 2021 (27-07-2021-shift-2)]
(B) an equivalence relation
(C) reflexive but neither symmetric nor transitive
(D) symmetric but neither reflexive nor transitive

21. Let A = {n  N|n2  n + 10,000}, B = (3k + 1 | k  N} and C = {2k | k  N},

then the sum of all the elements of the set A  (B – C) is equal to :
[Jee main 2021 (27-07-2021-shift-2)]

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Maths IIT-JEE ‘Best Approach’ (MC SIR) Set & Relation
22. Out of all the patients in a hospital 89% are found to be suffering from heart ailment and 98% are
suffering from lungs infection. If K% of them are suffering from both ailments, then K cannot belong to
the set: [Jee main 2021 (26-08-2021-shift-1)]
(A) {80, 83, 86, 89} (B){84, 87, 90, 93}
(C){79, 81, 83, 85} (D){84, 86, 88, 90}

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Maths IIT-JEE ‘Best Approach’ (MC SIR) Set & Relation

ANSWER KEY
EXERCISE - I
1. (D) 2. (B) 3. (A) 4. (D) 5. (A) 6. (D) 7. (B)
8. (B) 9. (B) 10. (B) 11. (B) 12. (A) 13. (D) 14. (C)
15. (B) 16. (B) 17. (D) 18. (C) 19. (B) 20. (C) 21. (C)

EXERCISE–II
1. (A) 2. (C) 3. (A) 4. (A) 5. (B) 6. (C) 7. (A)
8. (C) 9. (D) 10. (A) 11. (B) 12. (A) 13. (D) 14. (D)
15. (C) 16. (D) 17. (D) 18. (D) 19. (A) 20. (B) 21. (A)
22. (C) 23. (C) 24. (B) 25. (B) 26. (D) 27. (C) 28. (C)
29. (B) 30. (D)

EXERCISE–III(PYQ)
1. (B) 2. (A) 3. (A) 4. (D) 5. (B) 6. (C) 7. (A)
8. (C) 9. (D) 10. (A) 11. (B) 12. (29) 13. (D) 14. (B
15. (D) 16. (28) 17. (D) 18. (D) 19. (C) 20. (C) 21. (832)
22. (C)

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