MULTITHREADING AND GENERIC PROGRAMMING 41_DIFFERENCES BETWEEN MULTI-THREADING AND MULTITASKING Multi-Threading Multi-Tasking Multitasking is to run multiple processes on al computer concurrently, Multithreading is to execute multiple threads in a process concurrently, Multithreading is light-weight and casy Multitasking is heavy-weight and harder tol to create. create, InMultithreading, resources are shared among multiple threads in a Process, In Multithreading, the CPU switches between multiple threads in the same process, In Multitasking, resources are shared among| multiple processes, In Multitasking, the CP 'U switches between| multiple processes to complete the execution, _|Each process have its own address in memory i.e. each process allocates separate memory area. ‘Threads share the same address space, 4.2 THREAD LIFE CYCLE -Y — Athread goes through various stages in its life cycle, For example, a thread is born, started, runs, and then dies. The life cycle of the thread in java is controlled by JVM. The java thread states are as follows: Thread State Description A thread that has not begun execution. IRUNNABLE A thread that either is currently executing or will execute when it gains access to the CPU. ____ (BLOCKED A thread that has suspended execution because it is waiting to | acquire a lock. A thread that has suspended execution because it is waiting a some action to occur. For example, it is waiting because ofa ca to anon-timeout version of wait() orjoin().a Object Orienteg Prog Thread State ided execution foraspoy TIMED_WAITING | A thread that has suspen Speciticg - time, suchas when thas called sleep), This sei oe when atimeout version of wait() orjoin( is cates 2% Waiting or (Blocked JO Runnable J Lock acquired Thread ends Y — Givena Thread instance, you can use getState( ) to obtain the state of a thre: Thread.State ts= thrd.getStateQ; if(tts= Thread.State,RUNNABLE) Wa Note: Y — Thread state may change at any time during the execution so we can't able? the exact state of thread, Hence “_I’sprimarily used for debugging or for profiling a thread’s run-time character 4.3_ CREATING THREADS Java defines two ways in which this can be accomplished: + Implementing the Runnable interface, + Extending the Thread class,ert: Multithreading and Generic Programming 4 eee 43.4 Create Thread by Implementing Runnable v ai The easiest way to create a thread is to create a clas! Runnable interface, To implement Runnable, a class need only implement a run( ), which is declared like this: public void run() You will define the code that constitutes the new Itis important to understand that tun() can call other methods, use other and declare variables, just like the main thread can, After you create a implements Runnable, you will instantiate an object of type, Thread from within that class, The one that we will use is shown here: 8 that implements the single method o: thread inside runt) method, thas Thread defines several constructors, Thread(Runnable threadOb, String thread Name); Here threadOb is an instance of a class that implements the BR: interface and the name of the new thread is. specified by threadName, unnable After the new thread is created, it will not start running until you call its start ) method, which is declared within Thread. The start( ) method is shown here: void start(). Example Program: class NewThread implements Runnable { Thread t; NewThread(Q) { // Create a new, second thread : t=new Thread(this, “Demo Thread”), _ System.outprintIn(“Child thread:“+); tstart(); // Start the thread3 public void run() { try { . for(int i = 5; i > 0; i--) f t System.out.printIn(“Child Thread: “ + i); // Let the thread sleep for a while, Thread.sleep(500); 3 3 catch (InterruptedException e} ) £ System.out.println(“Child interrup 3 System.out.printIn(“Exiting child thread.”); 3 y 5 class ThreadDemo { Public static void main(String args[]) { new NewThread(); // create a new thread try { for(int i=5; i> 0; i--) { System.out.printin(“Main Thread: “+ j); Thread.sleep(i 000); } } catch CnterruptedException e){ ' System. out printin“Main thread interrupted.”); System.out printin(“Main thread exiting.”);