Department of Defense

MANUAL
NUMBER 6055.09-M, Volume 6
February 29, 2008
Administratively Reissued August 4, 2010
Incorporating Change 1, August 31, 2011

USD(AT&L)

SUBJECT: DoD Ammunition and Explosives Safety Standards: Contingency Operations,

Toxic Chemical Munitions and Agents, and Risk-Based Siting

References: See Enclosure 1

V6.1. PURPOSE

V6.1.1. Manual. This Manual is composed of several volumes, each containing its own
purpose, and administratively reissues DoD 6055.09-STD (Reference (a)). The purpose of the
overall Manual, in accordance with the authority in DoD Directives 5134.01 and 6055.9E
(References (b) and (c)), is to establish explosives safety standards (hereafter referred to as
“standards”) for the Department of Defense.

V6.1.1.1. These standards are designed to manage risks associated with DoD-titled
ammunition and explosives (AE) by providing protection criteria to minimize serious injury, loss
of life, and damage to property.

V6.1.1.2. Due to the size and complexity of this Manual, alternate paragraph numbering
has been approved for use throughout. The initial numeric set (V#) refers to the volume number
within the Manual; the second set (E#) refers to the enclosure number; and subsequent numbers
refer to the section, paragraph, and subparagraph numbers. If there is no E#, the reference is to a
section above the signature of the volume.

V6.1.2. Volume. This Volume provides criteria for contingency operations, toxic chemical
munitions and agents, and risk-based siting.

V6.2. APPLICABILITY. This Volume:

V6.2.1. Applies to:

V6.2.1.1. OSD, the Military Departments, the Office of the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs
of Staff and the Joint Staff, the Combatant Commands, the Office of the Inspector General of the
 DoDM 6055.09-M-V6, February 29, 2008

Department of Defense, the Defense Agencies, the DoD Field Activities, and all other
organizational entities within the Department of Defense (hereafter referred to collectively as the
“DoD Components”).

V6.2.1.2. DoD-titled AE wherever it is located.

V6.2.1.3. DoD personnel and property when potentially endangered by known host-
nation or off-installation AE hazards.

V6.2.1.4. DoD facilities siting and construction, except as indicated in paragraph V6.2.2.

V6.2.1.5. The evaluation of non-DoD explosives siting submissions on DoD installations

(see section V4.E5.21.).

V6.2.2. Provided the documentation requirements of paragraph V6.E2.3.5. are met, does not
apply to:

V6.2.2.1. Existing facilities, or those approved for construction under then-current

editions of these standards. This exception applies for the balance of the useful lives of such
facilities provided:

V6.2.2.1.1. The facility continues to be used for its intended purpose.

V6.2.2.1.2. The explosives safety hazards are not increased.

V6.2.2.1.3. Redesign or modification is not practicable.

V6.2.2.1.4. The quantity of AE cannot be reduced for reasons of operational

necessity.

V6.2.2.2. Those planned facilities that do not meet these standards, but have been
certified by the Heads of the DoD Components (see section V1.E3.4.) as essential for operational
or other compelling reasons.

V6.2.2.3. Other situations that, upon analysis by the Heads of the DoD Components and
the Department of Defense Explosives Safety Board (DDESB), are determined to provide the
required degree of safety through use of protective construction or other specialized safety
features.

V6.3. DEFINITIONS

V6.3.1. Abbreviations and Acronyms. See Glossary.

V6.3.2. Terms. See Volume 8 of this Manual.

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V6.4. POLICY. As established in Reference (c) and consistent with peacetime, contingency, or
wartime operational requirements and corresponding DoD military munitions requirements from
the broadest and most fundamental explosives safety management perspective, it is DoD policy
to:

V6.4.1. Provide the maximum possible protection to people and property from the potential
damaging effects of DoD military munitions (explosive and chemical). Applying the standards
herein provides only the minimum protection criteria for personnel and property, and greater
protection should always be provided when practicable.

V6.4.2. Minimize exposures consistent with safe and efficient operations (i.e., expose the
minimum number of people for the minimum time to the minimum amount of explosives or
chemical agents (CAs)).

V6.5. RESPONSIBILITIES. See Enclosure 2.

V6.6. PROCEDURES. See Enclosures 3 through 5. Criteria provided in this Manual are given
in English units (e.g., foot or feet (ft), pounds (lbs), pounds per square inch (psi)), with metric
equivalents shown in brackets (e.g., meters (m), kilograms (kg), kilopascals (kPa)).

V6.7. RELEASABILITY. UNLIMITED. This Volume is approved for public release and is
available on the Internet from the DoD Issuances Website at http://www.dtic.mil/whs/directives.

V6.8. EFFECTIVE DATE. This Volume is effective upon its publication to the DoD Issuances
Website.

Enclosures
1. References
2. Responsibilities
3. Contingencies, Combat Operations, Military Operations Other Than War (MOOTW), and
Associated Training
4. Toxic Chemical Munitions and Agents
5. Risk-Based Siting
Glossary

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

ENCLOSURE 1: REFERENCES ...................................................................................................6

ENCLOSURE 2: RESPONSIBILITIES .........................................................................................7

UNDER SECRETARY OF DEFENSE FOR ACQUISITION, TECHNOLOGY, AND

LOGISTICS (USD(AT&L)) ................................................................................................7
CHAIRMAN, DDESB ...............................................................................................................7
HEADS OF THE DoD COMPONENTS ..................................................................................7

ENCLOSURE 3: CONTINGENCIES, COMBAT OPERATIONS, MILITARY

OPERATIONS OTHER THAN WAR (MOOTW), AND ASSOCIATED TRAINING ..........8

GENERAL .................................................................................................................................8
RISK MANAGEMENT.............................................................................................................9
SITE PLAN PROCESS .............................................................................................................9
QD CRITERIA FOR CONTINGENCIES, COMBAT OPERATIONS, MOOTW, AND
ASSOCIATED TRAINING ..............................................................................................12

ENCLOSURE 4: TOXIC CHEMICAL MUNITIONS AND AGENTS ......................................24

SCOPE AND APPLICATION ................................................................................................24

SITING CRITERIA .................................................................................................................25
WORKPLACE AIRBORNE EXPOSURE LIMIT (AEL) ......................................................25
TOXIC CA HAZARD ANALYSES, MEASUREMENTS, AND
EXPOSURE CONTROLS .................................................................................................26
MEDICAL SURVEILLANCE ................................................................................................29
WORKER PPE ........................................................................................................................29
ADMINISTRATIVE AND WORK PRACTICE CONTROLS ..............................................30
ENGINEERING DESIGN GUIDANCE FOR FACILITIES ..................................................34

ENCLOSURE 5: RISK-BASED SITING ....................................................................................37

SCOPE .....................................................................................................................................37
RISK-BASED SITING TOOL ................................................................................................37
RISK-BASED SITE PLANNING REQUIREMENTS ...........................................................37
RISK-BASED EXPLOSIVES SAFETY SITE PLAN DOCUMENTATION
REQUIREMENTS.............................................................................................................38
RISK-BASED EXPLOSIVES SAFETY SITE PLAN REVIEW REQUIREMENTS............39
QUANTITATIVE RISK MANAGEMENT COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS .........................40
EQUIVALENT RISK-BASED ANALYSIS TOOL ...............................................................40

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GLOSSARY ..................................................................................................................................41

ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS ................................................................................41

TABLES

V6.E3.T1. QD for BLAHAs and BLSAs ...............................................................................14

V6.E3.T2. QD Requirements for Armored Vehicles..............................................................17
V6.E3.T3. QD for Field Storage and Handling Areas ............................................................20
V6.E3.T4. QD for Contingency, Combat, and MOOTW Airfields ........................................23
V6.E4.T15. AELs ...................................................................................................................26
V6.E4.T26. PPE and Employee Exposure Potential...............................................................28
V6.E5.T17. Risk-Based Explosives Siting Acceptance Criteria ............................................38

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ENCLOSURE 1

REFERENCES

(a) DoD 6055.09-STD, “DoD Ammunition and Explosives Safety Standards,” February 29,
2008 (cancelled by Volume 1 of this Manual)
(b) DoD Directive 5134.01, Under Secretary of Defense for Acquisition, Technology, and
Logistics (USD(AT&L)),” December 9, 2005
(c) DoD Directive 6055.9E, “Explosives Safety Management and the DoD Explosives Safety
Board,” August 19, 2005
(d) Military Standard MIL-STD-882D, “Standard Practice for System Safety,” February 10,
2000
(e) Department of Defense Explosives Safety Board Technical Paper 10, Change 3,
“Methodology for Chemical Hazard Prediction,” June 1980
(f) U.S. Army Chemical Research Development and Engineering Center Publication (Report
No. CRDEC-TR-87021, Government Accession No. A-177-622), “Personal Computer
Program For Chemical Hazard Prediction (D2PC),” January 1987 1
(g) DoD Instruction 6055.1, “DoD Safety and Occupational Health (SOH) Program,”
August 19, 1998
(h) DoD Instruction 6055.05, “Occupational and Environmental Health (OEH),” November 11,
2008
(i) U.S. Army Armament and Research Development Command Publication (Contractor
Report No. ARLCD-CR-80049, Government Accession No. A-095-040), “Engineering
Guide for Fire Protection and Detection Systems at Army Ammunition Plants, Volume I,
Selection and Design,” December 198012
(j) Department of Defense Explosives Safety Board Technical Paper 19, Revision 1, “User’s
Reference Manual for the Safety Assessment for Explosives Risk Software,” July 21, 2009
(k) Department of Defense Explosives Safety Board Technical Paper 14, Revision 4,
“Approved Methods and Algorithms for DoD Risk-Based Explosives Siting,” July 21,
2009

1
Available on the Internet at
http://www.dtic.mil/cgi-bin/GetTRDoc?AD=ADA177622&Location=U2&doc=GetTRDoc.pdf
12
Available on the Internet at
http://www.dtic.mil/cgi-bin/GetTRDoc?AD=ADA095040&Location=U2&doc=GetTRDoc.pdf

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ENCLOSURE 2

RESPONSIBILITIES

V6.E2.1. UNDER SECRETARY OF DEFENSE FOR ACQUISITION, TECHNOLOGY, AND

LOGISTICS (USD(AT&L)). The USD(AT&L) shall provide overall policy guidance for the
DoD Explosives Safety Management Program.

V6.E2.2. CHAIRMAN, DDESB. The Chairman, DDESB, shall report to the Deputy Under
Secretary of Defense for Installations and Environment (DUSD(I&E)) and, on behalf of the
USD(AT&L) and the DUSD(I&E), shall collaborate with the Military Service-appointed voting
DDESB members to maintain explosives safety standards.

V6.E2.3. HEADS OF THE DoD COMPONENTS. The Heads of the DoD Components shall:

V6.E2.3.1. Implement these DoD explosives safety standards.

V6.E2.3.2. Comply with applicable Federal and State laws and regulations. Where this
Volume conflicts with such laws and regulations, ensure the safety of DoD personnel and the
public while complying and notify the Chairman, DDESB, through the Component’s board
member, of the conflict. These standards are not intended to be so rigid as to prevent the DoD
Components from accomplishing their assigned missions.

V6.E2.3.3. Issue DoD Component guidance that implements these standards and provides
DoD Component unique requirements.

V6.E2.3.4. Send a copy of any implementing and supplementary guidance to these standards
to the Chairman, DDESB.

V6.E2.3.5. Document the exceptions described in paragraph V6.2.2. in permanent records.

These records must include:

V6.E2.3.5.1. The effective date the applicable DoD explosives safety standards were
first published.

V6.E2.3.5.2. The date the deviant facility was either approved, from an explosives safety
viewpoint, for use or was first used in a manner deviating from the standard.

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ENCLOSURE 3

CONTINGENCIES, COMBAT OPERATIONS, MILITARY OPERATIONS

OTHER THAN WAR (MOOTW), AND ASSOCIATED TRAINING

V6.E3.1. GENERAL

V6.E3.1.1. This enclosure provides the minimum criteria for contingencies, combat
operations, MOOTW, and associated training. Full compliance with other enclosures of this
Volume, as well as other volumes of this Manual, may not be possible during such operations.
The DoD Components may establish implementing regulations that are more protective than
these standards. In situations involving combined or joint operations, the Commanders of the
Combatant Commands or the U.S. commander of a joint task force (JTF) shall designate the
DoD Component’s explosives safety criteria to be used.

V6.E3.1.2. The provisions of this enclosure only apply to:

V6.E3.1.2.1. Those DoD AE activities located outside the United States.

V6.E3.1.2.2. The Commanders of the Combatant Commands, the U.S. commanders of

JTFs, or the DoD Component commanders in the management of these DoD AE activities.
When necessary, commanders may delegate certain explosive safety responsibilities to
designated subordinate commanders to ensure appropriate controls.

V6.E3.1.2.3. Contingency, combat, and MOOTW training, regardless of location, when

specifically authorized by applicable DoD Component headquarters or Combatant Commander.
Prior to approval of this training, a risk analysis that thoroughly assesses asset preservation and
identifies the risk associated with the training shall be conducted. Quantity-distance (QD)
separations provided for asset preservation shall be used for training, except where Volumes 3, 4,
and 5 permit lesser distances to be used.

V6.E3.1.3. This enclosure provides optional criteria and risk management tools not available
elsewhere in this Manual. These optional criteria provide greater protection (asset preservation
distance) for assets deemed sufficiently critical to warrant the greater protection, and, in some
circumstances, provide lesser protection (minimum separation distance) for those assets for
which the mission requirements outweigh the increased risk to those assets.

V6.E3.1.3.1. Asset Preservation Distance. At this distance from the potential explosion
site (PES), assets at the exposed site (ES) are expected to be usable and mission capability is
maintained following an incident. This separation distance should prevent propagation between
PESs. (See subparagraphs V1.E8.2.5.5. and V1.E8.2.5.6. for expected consequences for these
separation distances.)

V6.E3.1.3.2. Minimum Separation Distance. At this distance from the PES, mission
capability will likely be impaired or delayed. This separation distance should prevent prompt

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propagation; however, late-time propagation between PESs is possible. (See subparagraphs

V1.E8.2.5.2., V1.E8.2.5.3., and V1.E8.2.5.4. for expected consequences for these separation
distances.)

V6.E3.2. RISK MANAGEMENT. Risks associated with AE shall be managed consistent with
operational requirements (see section V6.4.). Exceptions to this enclosure’s criteria are where
equivalent protection is provided or where a risk analysis is performed, as follows:

V6.E3.2.1. Equivalent Protection. Analysis determining that protective construction or other

specialized safety features provides a level of protection equivalent to the separation distances
required by this Manual.

V6.E3.2.2. Risk Analysis. Analysis determining that an acceptable level of safety is

provided. Risk analysis is a systematic procedure consisting of these four steps:

V6.E3.2.2.1. An event analysis to identify and describe possible events such as the
location, type of occurrence, probability of occurrence, and quantity of explosives.

V6.E3.2.2.2. An effects analysis of the effects of the possible events to persons in the
surroundings such as blast pressure, fragmentation, and thermal hazards.

V6.E3.2.2.3. An exposure analysis of the places, protection, and time history of exposed
personnel in the hazardous areas.

V6.E3.2.2.4. A risk calculation.

V6.E3.2.3. Risk Management Control. The action a commander takes to minimize

acceptable risk. Such actions shall include:

V6.E3.2.3.1. Development, implementation, and enforcement of applicable control

measures used to eliminate the hazard or reduce its risk.

V6.E3.2.3.2. Continuous evaluation of the effectiveness of the implemented control

measures.

V6.E3.3. SITE PLAN PROCESS

V6.E3.3.1. Site Approval. All explosives locations falling within the scope of this enclosure
shall be approved by the applicable commander or by the DDESB as outlined in subparagraphs
V6.E3.3.2.1.2., V6.E3.3.2.2.2., V6.E3.3.2.3.2., and V6.E3.3.2.4.2., and paragraph V6.E3.3.4.
Site plan packages shall be submitted for:

V6.E3.3.1.1. AE locations such as:

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V6.E3.3.1.1.1. Storage locations.

V6.E3.3.1.1.2. Holding areas (e.g., basic load ammunition holding areas (BLAHAs),
flight-line holding areas, port and railhead holding areas, and marshalling areas).

V6.E3.3.1.1.3. Handling and operating locations (e.g., hardened aircraft shelters

(HASs), ports, AE maintenance, repair, and renovation areas and sling-out areas).

V6.E3.3.1.1.4. Forward arming and refueling points (FARPs).

V6.E3.3.1.1.5. Combat aircraft parking areas (CAPAs) and cargo aircraft parking
areas.

V6.E3.3.1.1.6. Static missile batteries.

V6.E3.3.1.1.7. Locations used for the treatment or disposal (e.g., open burn or open
detonation) of munitions. Exceptions are those locations used in an emergency response for
burning excess propellant resulting from munitions use during training, and those involved in
direct combat operations.

V6.E3.3.1.2. Non-AE-related ESs within QD arcs.

V6.E3.3.2. Documentation Requirements. The operational situation and the type and
duration of the AE operations conducted at the site or facility determine the type of
documentation required for a site approval. These categories of operations apply:

V6.E3.3.2.1. Permanent

V6.E3.3.2.1.1. Definition. Those AE-related facilities where operations are expected

to continue for more than 12 months.

V6.E3.3.2.1.2. Documentation Requirement. A DDESB-approved site plan for such

locations must be obtained once the Commander of the Combatant Command or DoD
Component headquarters, as applicable, determines operations shall require the facilities’ use to
continue beyond 12 months.

V6.E3.3.2.2. Recurrent

V6.E3.3.2.2.1. Definition. Those AE-related facilities where operations are expected

to occur on a periodic basis regardless of the duration of the operation. These locations may be
sited using compensatory actions, such as facility evacuation or change-of-use, to minimize the
risks associated with AE operations.

V6.E3.3.2.2.2. Documentation Requirement. These locations must have a DDESB-

(or appropriate level of command, when applicable) approved site plan before commencing
operations.

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V6.E3.3.2.3. Temporary

V6.E3.3.2.3.1. Definition. Those AE-related facilities where operations are not

expected to continue for more than 12 months and are not recurrent, or for which advanced
planning and approval are impractical.

V6.E3.3.2.3.2. Documentation Requirement. A plan for the specific scenario shall

be approved by the applicable commander. The plan shall include:

V6.E3.3.2.3.2.1. A risk assessment for the proposed operation. This assessment

shall weigh the need for the facility against the potential effects of an accident (e.g., mission
impact, loss of resources, turnaround times).

V6.E3.3.2.3.2.2. Schedule for the cessation of explosives operations or submittal

of a site plan if the operations exceed 12 months.

V6.E3.3.2.4. Contingency, Combat, and MOOTW Training

V6.E3.3.2.4.1. Definition. Those operations that simulate real world combat

environments using live AE to achieve training goals.

V6.E3.3.2.4.2. Documentation Requirement. Facilities or areas for training activities

shall have a DDESB-approved site plan for permanent or recurrent operations, or a risk analysis
approved by the applicable commander for temporary operations.

V6.E3.3.3. Site Plan Packages. See section V1.E5.1. for the requirements, with these
additions:

V6.E3.3.3.1. In the absence of suitable maps or drawings, information (e.g., sketches,

photographs, or other information) may be provided.

V6.E3.3.3.2. An explanation of any deviations from pertinent safety standards caused by

local conditions.

V6.E3.3.3.3. A copy of the risk analysis performed by the DoD Component, if one was
performed, to demonstrate equivalent protection.

V6.E3.3.4. Approval Authority for Waivers and Exemptions. The Commander of the
Combatant Command, the U.S. commander of a JTF, or the DoD Component commander may,
for strategic and other compelling reasons, authorize waivers to the explosives safety standards
contained herein for the planning or conduct of contingencies, combat operations, and MOOTW.
All waivers shall be coordinated with the host nation, as required, and consistent with
international agreements.

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V6.E3.3.4.1. Requests for waivers and exemptions to QD criteria shall be in accordance

with (IAW) the DoD Component directives. When joint operations are being conducted from a
single base or location, waivers and exemptions that affect another DoD Component must be
coordinated between affected DoD Components.

V6.E3.3.4.2. Requests for waivers and exemptions to QD criteria shall contain:

V6.E3.3.4.2.1. A risk analysis for the proposed operation weighing the need to
conduct the operation and violate the standards against the potential effect of an accident (e.g.,
mission impact, loss of resources, turnaround times).

V6.E3.3.4.2.2. A timeline listing milestones that shall eliminate the need for the
waiver or exemption.

V6.E3.4. QD CRITERIA FOR CONTINGENCIES, COMBAT OPERATIONS, MOOTW,

AND ASSOCIATED TRAINING. QD criteria are provided for these specific types of locations:

V6.E3.4.1. BLAHA

V6.E3.4.1.1. General. To fulfill their missions, certain units must keep their basic load
ammunition in armored vehicles, trucks, trailers, and structures or on pads. This involves
acceptance of greater risks to unit personnel, facilities, and equipment than permitted by other
volumes of this Manual. The concept of BLAHA storage may also be used to provide QD
separations during mobile operations. A basic load storage area (BLSA) is a location containing
multiple BLAHAs.

V6.E3.4.1.2. Mixing of Basic Load Ammunition. Storage compatibility requirements of

Volume 1, Enclosure 6 do not apply to BLAHA facilities.

V6.E3.4.1.2.1. Net explosive weight for quantity-distance (NEWQD) for use with
BLAHA QD criteria shall be determined as follows:

V6.E3.4.1.2.1.1. The sum of the weights of all energetic compositions contained

in munitions hazard classified as hazard division (HD) 1.1 or 1.5 shall be used.

V6.E3.4.1.2.1.2. The sum of the explosive weight of all HD 1.2 AE shall be used.
The propellant weight of an HD 1.2 item (if present) may be disregarded.

V6.E3.4.1.2.1.3. The weights of energetic compositions hazard classified as HD

1.3 may be disregarded. However, if the site only contains HD 1.3 items, the criteria contained
in section V3.E3.3. apply.

V6.E3.4.1.2.1.4. The weights of energetic compositions classified as HD 1.4 may

be disregarded.

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V6.E3.4.1.2.1.5. The explosive weight of HD 1.6 shall be computed as follows:

V6.E3.4.1.2.1.5.1. When HD 1.6 is stored alone or with HD 1.4 AE, the QD

criteria of section V3.E3.3. apply.

V6.E3.4.1.2.1.5.2. When HD 1.6 is stored with AE classified as HD 1.1, HD

1.2, or HD 1.5, add the explosives weight of the HD 1.6 items into the NEWQD calculations.

V6.E3.4.1.2.1.5.3. When HD 1.6 is stored with AE classified as HD 1.3, add

the explosives weights of HD 1.3 and HD 1.6. The QD criteria in section V3.E3.3. apply.

V6.E3.4.1.2.2. Explosives Limits

V6.E3.4.1.2.2.1. The maximum NEWQD at any BLAHA in a BLSA storing

mixed compatibility must not exceed 8,818 lbs [4,000 kg]. A BLSA may have multiple 8,818-lb
[4,000-kg] BLAHAs, provided the BLAHAs are separated from each other by the applicable
distances (D1, D2, and D3) given in Table V6.E3.T1.

V6.E3.4.1.2.2.2. When the NEWQD of a BLSA or a BLAHA exceeds 8,818 lbs

[4,000 kg], the QD computations for the site shall be IAW Volumes 3, 4, and 5; the HD mixing
rules shall be IAW Volume 1, Enclosure 7; and the explosives compatibility storage criteria shall
be IAW Volume 1, Enclosure 6.

V6.E3.4.1.2.3. QD Computations

V6.E3.4.1.2.3.1. The total NEWQD of AE in each site shall be used for

computation of QD provided the required distances (Table V6.E3.T1.) necessary to prevent
propagation separate these sites. If the separation distances are not met, the entire BLSA shall be
considered one site and subparagraph V6.E3.4.1.2.2.2. applies.

V6.E3.4.1.2.3.2. The intermagazine distance (IMD) requirements of Volume 3

apply when using 3-Bar or 7-Bar earth-covered magazines (ECMs).

V6.E3.4.1.2.3.3. Table V6.E3.T1. contains the QD separation for BLAHAs and

BLSAs.

V6.E3.4.1.2.3.4. Heavy armored vehicles are expected to contain most of the

blast and fragments from an internal explosion and are well protected from an external
explosion. For this reason, there is no required separation from heavy armored PESs to light or
non-armored ESs. Additionally, heavy armored ESs requires no separation from other sites. The
hatches of heavy armored vehicles must be kept closed to be considered heavy armored vehicles;
otherwise, they are considered light armored vehicles. Use Table V6.E3.T2. to determine the
applicable QD for heavy, light, and non-armored vehicles.

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Table V6.E3.T1. QD for BLAHAs and BLSAs

NEWQD D1a D2b D3c D4d D5e D6f

(lbs) (ft) (ft) (ft) (ft) (ft) (ft)
[kg] [m] [m] [m] [m] [m] [m]
10 4 13 26 591 886 66
4.5 1.3 3.9 7.9 180 270 20
15 5 15 30 591 886 66
6.8 1.5 4.5 9.0 180 270 20
20 5 16 33 591 886 66
9.1 1.7 5.0 9.9 180 270 20
30 6 19 37 591 886 66
13.6 1.9 5.7 11.4 180 270 20
50 7 22 44 591 886 66
22.7 2.2 6.7 13.5 180 270 20
70 8 25 49 591 886 66
31.8 2.5 7.5 15.1 180 270 20
100 9 28 56 591 886 66
45.4 2.8 8.5 17.0 180 270 20
150 11 32 64 591 886 81
68.0 3.2 9.7 19.4 180 270 24.6
200 12 35 70 591 886 99
90.7 3.6 10.7 21.4 180 270 30.0
300 13 40 80 591 886 130
136.1 4.1 12.2 24.5 180 270 39.6
500 16 48 95 591 886
226.8 4.8 14.5 29.0 180 270
700 18 53 107 591 886
317.5 5.4 16.2 32.5 180 270
1,000 20 60 120 591 886
453.6 6.1 18.3 36.6 180 270
1,500 23 69 137 591 886
680.4 7.0 20.9 41.9 180 270
2,000 25 76 151 591 886
907.2 7.7 23.0 46.1 180 270
3,000 29 87 173 591 886
1,360.8 8.8 26.4 52.8 180 270
5,000 34 103 205 591 886
2,268.0 10.4 31.3 62.5 180 270
7,000 38 115 230 669 1,021
3,175.1 11.7 35.0 70.0 204.0 306.0
8,818 41 124 248 751 1,146
4,000 12.6 37.8 75.6 229.0 343.4

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 DoDM 6055.09-M-V6, February 29, 2008

Table V6.E3.T1. QD for BLAHAs and BLSAs, Continued

a D1 is used for:
1. Side-to-side, side-to-rear, and rear-to-rear exposures between undefined ECMs, provided the earth
cover complies with paragraph V2.E5.5.3. and the explosives are stored at least 3 ft [1 m] from the end of the
ECM.
2. Non-armored vehicle (PES) to non-armored vehicle (ES) when an adequate barricade IAW section
V2.E5.4. is located between them.
3. Light armored vehicle (PES) to non-armored vehicle (ES) when an adequate barricade IAW section
V2.E5.4. is located between them.
4. Light armored or non-armored vehicle (PES) to light armored vehicle (ES) when an adequate barricade
IAW section V2.E5.4. is located between them.
5. Determining D1 and NEWQD for D1:
English Equations (EQNs) (NEWQD in lbs, D1 in ft)
D1 = 2*NEWQD1/3 EQN V6.E3.T1-1
NEWQD = (D1/2)3 with a maximum of 8,818 lbs EQN V6.E3.T1-2
Metric EQNs (NEWQD in kg, D1 in m)
D1 = 0.79*NEWQD1/3 EQN V6.E3.T1-3
NEWQD = (D1/0.79)3 with a maximum of 4,000 kg EQN V6.E3.T1-4
b D2 is used for:
1. Front-to-front exposures involving undefined ECMs when there is an adequate barricade (section
V2.E5.4.) at the ES.
2. Non-armored or light armored vehicles to the side or rear of an undefined ECM.
3. Determining D2 and NEWQD for D2:
English EQNs (NEWQD in lbs, D2 in ft)
D2 = 6*NEWQD1/3 EQN V6.E3.T1-5
NEWQD = (D2/6)3 with a maximum of 8,818 lbs EQN V6.E3.T1-6
Metric EQNs (NEWQD in kg, D2 in m)
D2 = 2.38*NEWQD1/3 EQN V6.E3.T1-7
NEWQD = (D2/2.38)3 with a maximum of 4,000 kg EQN V6.E3.T1-8
c D3 is used for:
1. Non-armored vehicles to non-armored vehicles without an adequate barricade.
2. Light armored vehicles to non-armored vehicles without an adequate barricade at the non-armored
vehicles.
3. Undefined ECM to undefined ECM when positioned front-to-front and no barricade is present.
4. Non-armored vehicles, light armored vehicles, or undefined ECM to the front of undefined ECM when
no barricade is present at the ES.
5. Determining D3 and NEWQD for D3:
English EQNs (NEWQD in lbs, D3 in ft)
D3 = 12*NEWQD1/3 EQN V6.E3.T1-9
NEWQD = (D3/12)3 with a maximum of 8,818 lbs EQN V6.E3.T1-10
Metric EQNs (NEWQD in kg, D3 in m)
D3 = 4.76*NEWQD1/3 EQN V6.E3.T1-11
NEWQD = (D3/4.76)3 with a maximum of 4,000 kg EQN V6.E3.T1-12

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 DoDM 6055.09-M-V6, February 29, 2008

Table V6.E3.T1. QD for BLAHAs and BLSAs, Continued

d D4 is used for:
1. Public traffic route distance (PTRD) from non-armored and light armored vehicles.
2. Determining D4 and NEWQD for D4:
English EQNs (NEWQD in lbs, D4 in ft)
NEWQD < 5,500 lbs: D4 = 591 ft
5,500 lbs < NEWQD < 8,818 lbs: D4 = 8*NEWQD1/2 EQN V6.E3.T1-13
D4 < 591 ft: NEWQD = 0 lbs
591 ft < D4 < 751 ft: NEWQD = (D4/8)2 with a maximum of 8,818 lbs EQN V6.E3.T1-14
Metric EQNs (NEWQD in kg, D4 in m)
NEWQD < 2,495 kg: D4 = 180 m
2,495 kg < NEWQD < 4,000 kg: D4 = 3.62*NEWQD1/2 EQN V6.E3.T1-15
D4 < 180 m: NEWQD = 0 kg
180 m < D4 < 229 m: NEWQD = (D4/3.62)2 with a maximum of 4,000 kg EQN V6.E3.T1-16
e D5 is used for:
1. Inhabited building distance (IBD) from non-armored and light armored vehicles.
2. Determining D5 and NEWQD for D5:
English EQNs (NEWQD in lbs, D5 in ft)
NEWQD < 5,500 lbs: D5 = 886 ft
5,500 lbs < NEWQD < 8,818 lbs: D5 = 12.2*NEWQD1/2 EQN V6.E3.T1-17
D5 < 886 ft: NEWQD = 0 lbs
886 ft < D5 < 1,146 ft: NEWQD = (D5/12.2)2 with a maximum of 8,818 lbs EQN V6.E3.T1-18
Metric EQNs (NEWQD in kg, D5 in m)
NEWQD < 2,495 kg: D5 = 270 m
2,495 kg < NEWQD < 4,000 kg: D5 = 5.43*NEWQD1/2 EQN V6.E3.T1-19
D5 < 270 m: NEWQD = 0 kg
270 m < D5 < 343.4 m: NEWQD = (D5/5.43)2 with a maximum of 4,000 kg EQN V6.E3.T1-20
f D6 is used for:
1. Determining the IBD and PTRD from heavy armored vehicles. When NEWQD exceeds 331 lbs [150 kg]
the IBD and PTRD specified in Volumes 3, 4, and 5 apply.
2. Determining D6 and NEWQD for D6:
English EQNs (NEWQD in lbs, D6 in ft)
NEWQD < 110 lbs: D6 = 66 ft
110 lbs < NEWQD < 331 lbs: D6 = -4.49 + 0.487*(NEWQD1/3) + EQN V6.E3.T1-21
2.928*(NEWQD1/3)2
D6 < 66 ft: NEWQD = 0 lbs
66 ft < D6 < 138 ft: NEWQD = (0.0833 + [1.5421 + 0.3416*D6]1/2)3 EQN V6.E3.T1-22
Metric EQNs (NEWQD in kg, D6 in m)
NEWQD < 50 kg: D6 = 20 m
50 < NEWQD < 150 kg: D6 = -1.37 + 0.193*(NEWQD1/3) + EQN V6.E3.T1-23
1.512*(NEWQD1/3)2
D4 < 20 m: NEWQD = 0 kg
20 m < NEWQD < 42.3 m: NEWDQ = (0.0640 + [0.9108 + 0.6615*D6]1/2)3 EQN V6.E3.T1-24

Change 1, 08/31/2011 16 ENCLOSURE 3

 DoDM 6055.09-M-V6, February 29, 2008

Table V6.E3.T2. QD Requirements for Armored Vehiclesa, b

From Î
Heavy Light Non-Armored
To Ð
Heavy (IMD Exposure) IMD Not Required IMD Not Required IMD Not Required
Light (IMD Exposure) IMD Not Required D1 from V6.E3.T1 D1 from V6.E3.T1
Non-Armored (IMD Exposure) IMD Not Required D3 from V6.E3.T1 D3 from V6.E3.T1
IBD Exposure D6 from V6.E3.T1 D5 from V6.E3.T1 D5 from V6.E3.T1
PTRD Exposure D6 from V6.E3.T1 D4 from V6.E3.T1 D4 from V6.E3.T1

a Application of D1 distance may require the use of a barricade between PES and ES. Refer to Table
V6.E3.T1. footnotes regarding the need for a barricade.
b For asset preservation, rather than using D1 and D3, use one of these equations:
English EQNs (W in lbs, d in ft)
d = 24*W1/3 EQN V6.E3.T2-1
d = 30*W1/3 EQN V6.E3.T2-2
Metric EQNs (Q in kg, d in m)
d = 9.52*Q1/3 EQN V6.E3.T2-3
d = 11.90*Q1/3 EQN V6.E3.T2-4

V6.E3.4.2. Ports. The following criteria shall apply to ports where DoD AE is loaded or
unloaded.

V6.E3.4.2.1. Explosives Piers

V6.E3.4.2.1.1. Aboveground magazine (AGM) IMD (K11[4.36]) shall be maintained

between explosives piers.

V6.E3.4.2.1.2. Intraline distance (ILD) (K18 [7.14]) shall be maintained from an

explosives pier to a non-explosives pier used for the handling of military cargo.

V6.E3.4.2.1.3. AGM IMD (K11 [4.36]) shall be maintained to AE holding areas

based on the NEWQD at the pier.

V6.E3.4.2.1.4. Marshalling yards shall be located at PTRD from explosives piers.

V6.E3.4.2.1.5. Railheads used for long-term storage or as a transfer depot shall be

sited at AGM IMD (K11 [4.36]) from an explosives pier based on the NEWQD at the pier.

V6.E3.4.2.2. Explosives Anchorages. The criteria of Volume 4 apply with these

exceptions:

V6.E3.4.2.2.1. ILD (K18 [7.14]) shall be provided between the explosives loading or
unloading section of the anchorage and the loaded ship section of the explosives anchorage (see
Figure V4.E4.F12.).

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 DoDM 6055.09-M-V6, February 29, 2008

V6.E3.4.2.2.2. An explosives anchorage shall be located at K40 [15.87] from all

piers. However, where necessary for security or navigational reasons, this distance may be
reduced to ILD (K18 [7.14]) when the piers are only used for DoD operations. PTRD may be
applied for asset preservation. A separation distance of K40 [15.87] shall be maintained to all
non-DoD-related piers.

V6.E3.4.2.2.3. ILD (K18 [7.14]) is permitted between an explosives anchorage and a

non-explosives DoD-related anchorage. K40 [15.87] shall be maintained between an explosives
anchorage and a non-explosives, non-DoD-related anchorage.

V6.E3.4.2.3. AE Facilities

V6.E3.4.2.3.1. AE Holding Areas. These holding areas are used in support of AE

loading and unloading of ships. Typically, AE being held at these locations are only present for
a short time. The NEWQD associated with the AE holding area shall be based on all AE present
at the site. These criteria apply to AE holding areas:

V6.E3.4.2.3.1.1. ILD (K18 [7.14]) shall be maintained to both explosives and

non-explosives piers based on the NEWQD present at the AE holding areas.

V6.E3.4.2.3.1.2. PTRD shall be maintained to an explosives or non-explosives

marshalling yard.

V6.E3.4.2.3.1.3. Railheads used for AE holding areas storage or as a transfer

depot shall be sited at AGM IMD (K11 [4.36]) from an AE holding areas based on the NEWQD
at the AE holding areas.

V6.E3.4.2.3.2. Marshalling Yards. PTRD shall be maintained between marshalling

yards and explosives piers or AE holding areas. The location of the marshalling yard will
typically be governed by the NEWQD at the other PESs. When operational necessity dictates,
marshalling yards may be separated by ILD (K18 [7.14]) to any nearby manned explosives
operations and AGM IMD (K11 [4.36]) to any nearby unmanned explosives storage operations.

V6.E3.4.2.3.3. Loading Docks. Loading docks shall be sited at IMD (K11 [4.36])
from all ESs.

V6.E3.4.2.3.4. Classification Yards. Use criteria provided in section V4.E5.3.

V6.E3.4.2.3.5. Railheads. Based on its use, a railhead shall be sited as a

classification yard, AE holding area, or a loading dock.

V6.E3.4.3. Field Storage and Handling Areas. These areas shall be sited IAW Table
V6.E3.T3. Use separation distances from the applicable QD tables in Volumes 3 and 5 for the
HD and NEWQD of the AE involved with the PES. AE will be segregated IAW Volume 1,
Enclosure 6, by storage compatibility group. The clear zone surrounding the field storage and

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 DoDM 6055.09-M-V6, February 29, 2008

handling areas is bounded by the applicable IBD. No unrelated, occupied structures are
permitted within this clear zone.

V6.E3.4.3.1. Explosives Locations. These areas may consist of all or some of these
explosives locations:

V6.E3.4.3.1.1. Field Storage Sections. These sections are used to store AE. Field
storage sections are used for dispersing AE in multiple, widely separated storage sections to
prevent the loss of any one section from causing the loss of other sections, thereby seriously
degrading the mission. AE may be stored in existing structures, caves, and tunnels as prescribed
in Volumes 3, 4, and 5. The construction and use of barricades and revetments shall be IAW
Volume 2.

V6.E3.4.3.1.2. AE Staging Area. These areas are normally used for temporary
holding of outgoing AE and for ready access to combat aircraft loading areas.

V6.E3.4.3.1.3. Captured Enemy Ammunition Area. A separate area shall be

provided for the storage of captured enemy AE. Captured enemy AE that cannot be identified
shall be treated as HD 1.1.

V6.E3.4.3.1.4. AE Operations Area. An area used for operations such as minor

maintenance and repair of AE or their containers, surveillance, segregation, or weapons
assembly.

V6.E3.4.3.1.5. AE Destruction Area. An area used for disposal of AE. It may

consist of a burning area, a demolition area, or both.

V6.E3.4.3.1.6. Sling-out Area. An area used for moving AE by rotary-wing aircraft.

V6.E3.4.3.2. Non-explosives Locations. These areas may consist of all or some of these
non-explosives locations:

V6.E3.4.3.2.1. Administration and Billeting Areas. Inhabited locations not directly

related to the daily operations of the field storage and handling areas.

V6.E3.4.3.2.2. Manned Support Facilities. Facilities directly supporting AE

operations (e.g., field offices and AE support equipment maintenance facilities).

V6.E3.4.3.2.3. Unmanned Support Facilities. Unmanned locations supporting AE

operations (e.g., forklift charging stations, dunnage storage, and buildings that store inert
materials). A minimum 50-ft [15.2-m] separation distance shall be maintained from these
locations to any PES.

V6.E3.4.3.3. Modular Storage. A barricaded area comprised of a series of connected

cells with hard surface storage pads separated from each other by barricades (see section
V2.E5.6.).

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 DoDM 6055.09-M-V6, February 29, 2008

Table V6.E3.T3. QD for Field Storage and Handling Areasa

Captured
From Î AE AE
Storage AE Staging Enemy Sling Out
Operations Destruction
Sections Area Ammunition Area
To Ð Area Area
Area
IMD IMD PTRDc IMD IMD Footnote d
Storage Sections c
Footnote b Footnote b PTRD Footnote b Footnote b
c
IMD IMD PTRD IMD IMD
AE Staging Area c
Footnote b Footnote b PTRD Footnote b Footnote b
Captured Enemy IMD IMD IMD IMD IMD
Ammunition Area Footnote b Footnote b PTRDc Footnote b Footnote b
AE Operations IMD IMD PTRDc IMD IMD
Area Footnote b Footnote b PTRDc Footnote b Footnote b
Not
Not Required PTRDc IMD IMD
Sling-Out Area Required
Footnote b Footnote b PTRDc Footnote b Footnote b
c c c c
Administrative and IBD IBD IBD IBD IBDc
Billeting Area IBDc IBDc IBDc IBDc IBDc
IBDc IBDc IBDc IBDc IBDc
Boundaries
IBDc IBDc IBDc IBDc IBDc
Manned Non- ILD ILD IBDc ILD ILD
Explosive Support
Facility Footnote b Footnote b IBDc Footnote b Footnote b
Unmanned Non- Not Not Not
Not Required PTRDc
Explosive Support Required Required Required
Facility Footnote b Footnote b PTRDc Footnote b Footnote b
AE Destruction
Footnote d
Area

a The distance criteria in the upper half of each row are the minimum separation distances required by
Volumes 3, 4, and 5. The distance criteria in the lower half of each row are the asset preservation
distances.
b 1. For HD 1.1 material, use one of these equations:
English EQNs (W in lbs, d in ft)
d = 24*W1/3 EQN V6.E3.T3-1
d = 30*W1/3 EQN V6.E3.T3-2
Metric EQNs (Q in kg, d in m)
d = 9.52*Q1/3 EQN V6.E3.T3-3
d = 11.90*Q1/3 EQN V6.E3.T3-4
2. For HD 1.2, 1.3, or 1.4, apply PTRD from Volumes 3, 4 and 5.
c Includes minimum fragment distance.
d IAW Volume 5, Enclosure 3.

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 DoDM 6055.09-M-V6, February 29, 2008

V6.E3.4.3.4. Commercial Intermodal Containers. Containers used for transporting AE

may be used for AE storage and shall be sited as AGMs.

V6.E3.4.4. FARP. Storing AE and fuel at the same location is inherently hazardous and
should be avoided when possible. If it is necessary to refuel and rearm aircraft at the same
location, all precautions must be made to minimize the hazards involved in these operations.
Armament pads shall contain the minimum amount of AE to conduct efficient operations. For
example, where armament pads support only one aircraft, that pad shall be restricted to the
amount of ammunition necessary to rearm that aircraft. Required separations are:

V6.E3.4.4.1. Use K24 [9.52] for asset preservation between FARPs and other ESs.

V6.E3.4.4.2. FARPs shall be separated by IBD from all non-associated inhabited

buildings.

V6.E3.4.4.3. AE-ready storage (i.e., AE staged to support the next load) shall be
separated by AGM IMD from the armament pads with only armament pads considered as the
PES. Ready AE storage structures and locations shall be separated from other ready AE storage
structures and locations by AGM IMD.

V6.E3.4.4.4. Build-up locations shall be separated by AGM IMD from all other
explosives storage and operations with only the build-up locations considered as the PES.

V6.E3.4.4.5. Distances prescribed by the owning DoD Component shall separate other
support structures and sites.

V6.E3.4.4.6. AE shall be separated from operational fuel supplies by at least 100 ft [30.5
m]. Fuel supplies shall be diked or placed downhill from AE.

V6.E3.4.5. Airfield Operations. Special consideration must be given to phased plans where
the peacetime operation and positioning of aircraft transitions to contingency operations with
increased quantities and use of AE. Exposures given adequate protection under the peacetime
phase may be at greater risk during the contingency phase. Commanders must consider these
changes when approving these plans. The proper use of such features as barricades or earth-
filled, steel-bin-type barricades (ARMCO, Inc., revetment or equivalent (see section V2.E5.4.))
can decrease the magnitude of a potential event and increase the explosives capacity of limited
areas.

V6.E3.4.5.1. Airfield QD Criteria for PESs. Table V6.E3.T4. provides criteria for
airfield PESs.

V6.E3.4.5.2. Airfield QD Criteria for ESs

V6.E3.4.5.2.1. Runways, Taxiways, and Aircraft

V6.E3.4.5.2.1.1. For military use only, use Table V6.E3.T4.

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 DoDM 6055.09-M-V6, February 29, 2008

V6.E3.4.5.2.1.2. For joint use, use criteria in Table V4.E3.T1.

V6.E3.4.5.2.2. Combat Aircraft Support Facilities

V6.E3.4.5.2.2.1. Unhardened combat aircraft support facilities shall be separated

from AE storage and operating facilities by K30 [11.9]. For asset preservation, apply
incremental K40 [15.87] to K50 [19.84] based on the NEWQD.

V6.E3.4.5.2.2.2. If these functions are located in a HAS, separation may be

reduced to K18 [7.14] to the sides or rear of the HAS.

V6.E3.4.5.2.2.3. Other hardened facility sitings require DDESB approval.

V6.E3.4.5.2.2.4. When operational necessity dictates, separation distances less

than K18 [7.14] may be approved for ESs; however, it must be demonstrated that protection
equivalent to K18 [7.14] is being provided.

V6.E3.4.6. Static Missile Battery Separation. To ensure optimal effectiveness, offensive and
defensive missile batteries many times must be deployed in a static (non-mobile) role in the
proximity of other AE operations such as field storage or flight lines. These criteria apply to
deployed static missile batteries and associated support functions:

V6.E3.4.6.1. IMD (K11 [4.36]) shall be maintained between missile launchers, reloads,
and other AE storage locations to include parked AE-loaded aircraft.

V6.E3.4.6.2. Missile batteries deployed within the IBD of AE storage areas may be sited
at K18 [7.14] to manned functions considered related to area AE operations. Likewise, missile
batteries deployed in the clear zones of flight-line operations may be sited at K18 [7.14] to
manned flight-line facilities.

V6.E3.4.6.3. Those functions solely providing support to static missile units, such as
motor pools, may be sited at K18 [7.14] to batteries and other AE activities when the missile
battery is located in these areas. For asset preservation, use PTRD.

V6.E3.4.6.4. No separation is required between missile batteries and the security force
structures exclusively supporting them.

V6.E3.4.7. Emergency Destruction. When it becomes necessary to destroy stores of AE to

prevent them from falling to the enemy, care must be taken to ensure that assets otherwise not in
danger of falling to the enemy are not destroyed by blast or fragments. The DoD Components
shall develop specific guidance for implementing and training for emergency destruction of
munitions. Normal disposal operations shall be conducted IAW Volume 5, Enclosure 3.

V6.E3.4.8. Separation from Fuel

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 DoDM 6055.09-M-V6, February 29, 2008

V6.E3.4.8.1. Operational Storage. Quantities up to 500 gallons [1,893 liters] shall be

separated from each PES by at least 50 ft [15.24 m]. Quantities between 500 to 5,000 gallons
[1,893 to 18,927 liters] shall be separated from each PES by at least 100 ft [30.5 m]. Fuel should
be located downhill and diked to contain a possible fuel spill.

V6.E3.4.8.2. Bulk Fuel Storage. For more than 5,000 gallons [18,927 liters] apply
section V4.E5.13.

Table V6.E3.T4. QD for Contingency, Combat, and MOOTW Airfields

From Î Airfield PES

Minimum Separation Asset Preservation
To Ð Distance Distance
Manned functions not related to IBD IBD
the combat mission
Base boundaries without an
easement unless manifestly IBD IBD
unsuitable
Crew support and billeting areas IBD IBD
Central airfield support facilities ILD Footnote a
Functions related to the explosives ILD Footnotes a, b
mission (manned)
Flight-line fire and rescue services ILD Footnote a
Manned munitions operating
locations (assembly, maintenance, ILD Footnote a
refurbishment, etc.)
Any other explosives-loaded IMD Footnotes a, b
aircraft or CAPA
Flight-line munitions holding area IMD Footnotes a, b
D = 4.5*NEWQD1/3
Military use runways and taxiways Footnotes a, b
[D = 1.79*NEWQD1/3]

a 1. For HD 1.1 material, use one of the following equations:

English EQNs (W in lbs, d in ft)
d = 24*W1/3 EQN V6.E3.T4-1
d = 30*W1/3 EQN V6.E3.T4-2
Metric EQNs (Q in kg, d in m)
d = 9.52*Q1/3 EQN V6.E3.T4-3
d = 11.90*Q1/3 EQN V6.E3.T4-4
For HD 1.2, 1.3, or 1.4, apply PTRD from Volumes 3, 4 and 5.
b For aircraft, asset preservation distances may not provide protection from fragments. To protect
against low-angle, high-energy fragments, aircraft should be barricaded.

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 DoDM 6055.09-M-V6, February 29, 2008

ENCLOSURE 4

TOXIC CHEMICAL MUNITIONS AND AGENTS

V6.E4.1. SCOPE AND APPLICATION

V6.E4.1.1. This enclosure sets forth standards for protecting workers and the general public
from the harmful effects of toxic chemical munitions and agents associated with research,
testing, training, preservation and maintenance operations, storage, and demilitarization at
laboratories, manufacturing plants, and depots as well as other DoD Component agent
operations, exclusive of combat training and operations. They apply to:

V6.E4.1.1.1. Blister Agents. Examples include, but are not limited to:

V6.E4.1.1.1.1. H/HD – 2,2’ Dich1orodiethyl Sulfide (common name is distilled

mustard).

V6.E4.1.1.1.2. H/HT – 60 percent HD and 40 percent 2,2’ Dichloroethylthiodiethyl

Ether (common name is mustard-T mixture).

V6.E4.1.1.1.3. L – Dichloro (2-chlorovinyl) Arsine (common name is lewisite).

V6.E4.1.1.2. Nerve Agents. Examples include, but are not limited to:

V6.E4.1.1.2.1. GB – Isopropyl Methylphosphonofluoridate (common name is sarin).

V6.E4.1.1.2.2. GA – Dimethylaminoethoxy-Cyanophosphine Oxide (common name

is tabun).

V6.E4.1.1.2.3. VX – 0-ethyl S-[2-(diisopropylamino) Ethyl]

Methylphosphonothioate.

V6.E4.1.1.2.4. GD – Pinacolyl Methylphosphonofluoridate (common name is

soman).

V6.E4.1.1.2.5. Mixtures of these agents.

V6.E4.1.2. Toxic chemical munitions may present additional hazards of blast, fragments,
and thermal effects. Standards relating to these explosives hazards are addressed in other
enclosures of this Volume, as well as other volumes of this Manual.

V6.E4.1.3. This Manual does not apply to the immediate disposal of toxic chemical
munitions or decontamination of toxic CAs during an emergency when the delay will cause a
greater danger to human life or health.

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V6.E4.1.4. The DoD Components are responsible for developing implementing instructions
and safety procedures for logistical movements, training, and field operations.

V6.E4.1.5. The requirements of Military Standard MIL-STD-882D (Reference (d)) shall be

followed.

V6.E4.2. SITING CRITERIA

V6.E4.2.1. Hazard Distance Calculations. (See the definition of “public exclusion distance”
in the Volume 8 Glossary). Hazard distance calculations shall conform to DDESB Technical
Paper 10 (Reference (e)). DDESB approved software (e.g., as provided in U.S. Army Chemical
Research Development and Engineering Center publication (Reference (f))) that implements the
methodology of Reference (e) may be used to perform these calculations. The calculated hazard
distance is based on the greater of the maximum credible event (MCE) or the toxic CA MCE and
is bounded by the one percent lethality arc for a toxic CA source containing a dose of more than:

V6.E4.2.1.1. 10.0 milligram-minute(mg-min)/cubic meter (m3) of GB.

V6.E4.2.1.2. 4.3 mg-min/m3 of VX.

V6.E4.2.1.3. 150.0 mg-min/m3 of mustards.

V6.E4.2.1.4. 0.1 milligram (mg) for inhalation-deposition of VX.

V6.E4.2.2. Personnel Control. Positive means shall be taken to ensure that unprotected
personnel do not enter hazard zones and shall include written procedures that must be reviewed
and updated, as necessary. However, positive control of an area, which ensures personnel can
evacuate or be protected before exposure in the case of an accident, may be developed instead of
absolute exclusion. Details of such control procedures shall be included in the site and general
construction plans.

V6.E4.3. WORKPLACE AIRBORNE EXPOSURE LIMIT (AEL). The Army Surgeon General
establishes the maximum permissible concentrations (AELs) listed in Table V6.E4.T15. AELs
are time-weighted averages (TWAs) or ceiling values that define the permissible limits of
exposure for unprotected personnel.

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Table V6.E4.T15. AELs

CA (mg/m3)
Exposure Limit H/HD &
GD GA/GB VX La
H/HT
Unmasked Agent Worker
8-hour TWA in any work shift 3 x 10-5 1 x 10-4 1 x 10-5 3 x 10-3 3 x 10-3
(Footnote b) (Footnote b)
Non-Agent Worker and General Population
72-hour TWA 3 x 10-6 3 x 10-6 3 x 10-6 1 x 10-4 3 x 10-3
(Footnote c) (Footnote b)
3 x 10-3 3 x 10-3
Ceiling Valued 3 x 10-5 1 x 10-4 1 x 10-5 (Footnote b) (Footnote b)
Source Emission Limit
1-hour TWA 1 x 10-4 3 x 10-4 3 x 10-4 3 x 10-2 3 x 10-2

a All concentrations measured as lewisite.

b This value also represents the technologically feasible real-time detection limit. HT is measured
as HD.
c It is recommended that this level of detection (using a 12-hour sampling time) be demonstrated
and used at all sites where mustard shall be transported and destroyed.
d The concentration of CA that may not be exceeded for any period of time. Practically, it may be
an average value over the minimum time to detect the specified concentration.

V6.E4.4. TOXIC CA HAZARD ANALYSES, MEASUREMENTS, AND EXPOSURE

CONTROLS

V6.E4.4.1. Hazard Analyses

V6.E4.4.1.1. Hazard analyses shall be conducted for all new operations involving toxic
CAs or when there is a change in existing production, process, or control measures that may
result in an increase in airborne or contact concentrations of toxic CAs. Hazard analyses shall be
retained for 40 years.

V6.E4.4.1.2. If hazard analyses indicate that an operation may expose personnel to toxic
CAs above the AEL, control measures shall be instituted and procedures shall be established so
that the actual exposure is measured.

V6.E4.4.2. Measurements

V6.E4.4.2.1. Devices for sampling and analyzing workplace air shall measure and alarm
within 10 minutes when toxic CAs are present in excess of the 8-hour TWA concentrations.

V6.E4.4.2.2. When the interior of reservoirs, pipes, and such systems are sampled, the
volume of the item or system being sampled as well as the volume of the sample must be
recorded and associated with the measured concentrations.

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V6.E4.4.2.3. Decontaminating solutions shall not be analyzed for residual toxic CA for
the purpose of certifying a level of decontamination. Suspected toxic CAs shall be extracted
from samples with suitable solvents where analyses are required. Air may be an appropriate
solvent for volatile agents.

V6.E4.4.3. Exposure Control

V6.E4.4.3.1. When exhaust systems are used to control exposure, measurements of

system effectiveness such as static pressure shall be made at the start of each operation and at
least every 3 months.

V6.E4.4.3.2. Before beginning toxic CA operations, the hazard zone associated with
those operations shall be under positive control IAW paragraph V6.E4.2.2.

V6.E4.4.3.3. If personnel exposures will equal or exceed the applicable AEL, personnel
shall be protected by personal protective equipment (PPE) specifically approved by the Army
Surgeon General or as indicated in Table V6.E4.T26.

V6.E4.4.3.4. Procedures shall be developed to address hazards involved in maintenance

and repair operations.

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Table V6.E4.T26. PPEa and Employee Exposure Potentialb

Toxic CAs (mg/m3)

Occupational Scenario H/HD &
GD GA/GB VX H/HT L
1. Unmasked agent worker
A full facepiece, chemical
canister, air purifying protective
mask will be on hand for escape.
3 x 10-5 1 x 10-4 1 x 10-5 3 x 10-3 3 x 10-3
(The M9, M17, or M40 series
(Footnote d) (Footnote d) (Footnote d) (Footnote e) (Footnote e)
masks are acceptable for that
purpose. Other masks certified as
equivalent may be used.)c
2. Masked personnel in routine operations
a. A National Institute of
Occupational Safety and Health
(NIOSH)-approved pressure
demand full facepiece self-
contained breathing apparatus
(SCBA) or supplied air respirator
with escape air cylinder may be > 3 x 10-5 > 1 x 10-4 > 1 x 10-5
used. to to to 3 x 10-3 3 x 10-3
-2 -1 -2
6 x 10 2 x 10 2 x 10
b. Alternatively, a full facepiece,
chemical canister, air purifying
protective mask is acceptable for
that purpose (i.e., M9, M17, or
M40 series or other certified
equivalent).c
3. Personnel conducting emergency operations or operations in unknown but potentially high agent
concentrations
a. NIOSH-approved pressure
demand full facepiece SCBA with
protective ensemble.f, g

b. During emergencies, the best

available respiratory protection
> 3 x 10-3 > 3 x 10-3
and personnel ensemble will be > 6 x 10-2 > 2 x 10-1 > 2 x 10-2
(Footnote h) (Footnote h)
used. If protection in 3.a. is not
available, use of a full facepiece,
chemical canister, air purifying
protective mask with hood is
acceptable. Only the M9 or M40
series masks are acceptable. f, g

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Table V6.E4.T26. PPEa and Employee Exposure Potential,b Continued

a Qualitatively fit all workers required to use respiratory protective devices. Quantitative fit testing may be
performed using surrogate masks.
b Employee exposure potential is based on an 8-hour TWA measurement. All values in this table are 8-hour
TWAs unless otherwise noted. The TWA is the concentration to which workers may be repeatedly exposed, for
a normal 8-hour workday and 40-hour workweek, day after day, without adverse effects. TWAs permit
excursions above the limit provided they are compensated by equivalent excursions below the limit during the
workday. Excursions above the TWA should be controlled even where the 8-hour TWA is within
recommended limits.
c Air-purifying masks may not be used in oxygen deficient atmospheres.
d Determined by required continuous air monitoring.
e This represents ceiling value determined by continuous real time monitoring (with alarm) at the 0.003 mg/m3
level of detection. Respiratory protection must be immediately available in case concentration rises above
0.003 mg/m3. Engineering and work practice controls shall be used to limit employee exposure potential to the
extent practical.
f Examples of such protective ensembles include Toxicologic Agent Protective Ensemble, Self-Contained and
the Demilitarization Protective Ensemble.
g For emergency masked escape, a full facepiece, chemical canister, air-purifying protective mask (DoD
Component-certified masks) is acceptable.
h Because agents H and L are potential carcinogens, the highest level of respiratory and dermal protection shall
be provided to all workers exposed. An air-purifying protective mask is not suitable for this purpose.

V6.E4.5. MEDICAL SURVEILLANCE. Before being assigned to toxic CA duties and on an

annual basis thereafter, health assessments shall be provided for each employee to establish a
baseline health record. Annual assessments shall be used to determine deviations from the
baseline.

V6.E4.6. WORKER PPE

V6.E4.6.1. Positive engineering and administrative controls shall be incorporated in all

operations involving toxic CAs to preclude or minimize the need for PPE.

V6.E4.6.2. A respiratory protection program shall be established in conformance with DoD

Instruction 6055.1 and DoD Instruction 6055.05 (References (g) and (h)) for approved
respiratory requirements. The wearer’s face shall be clean-shaven to the extent that there is no
interference of any facial hair growth with the sealing surfaces of the protective mask. Personnel
with beards shall be denied access to agent storage and operating areas unless suitable
emergency egress respirator(s) can be provided.

V6.E4.6.3. Personnel shall use PPE recommended by the hazard analysis. (See Table
V6.E4.T26.)

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V6.E4.7. ADMINISTRATIVE AND WORK PRACTICE CONTROLS

V6.E4.7.1. Containment

V6.E4.7.1.1. Containment is the principal control measure for prevention of exposure of

personnel to toxic CAs.

V6.E4.7.1.1.1. Total containment is required for those operations involving toxic

chemical munitions that contain explosive components when the operation may subject the
explosives components to a potential initiating stimulus. Total containment requires the
equipment or facility to be a DDESB-approved design capable of containing all the reaction
gases, detectable toxic CAs, and fragments from the largest explosion or detonation that could
occur without causing equipment or facility rupture or leakage. Operations requiring total
containment include, but are not limited to:

V6.E4.7.1.1.1.1. Toxic chemical munition cutting, sawing, milling, drilling,

punching, or shearing operations that require the machine tool to remove or displace metal
before or after contact with the explosives.

V6.E4.7.1.1.1.2. Operations in which the toxic chemical munitions arming and

functioning environments can be duplicated by the equipment or process.

V6.E4.7.1.1.1.3. Disassembly of armed or possibly armed toxic chemical

munitions.

V6.E4.7.1.1.1.4. Disassembly of explosive components from toxic chemical

munitions that requires application of significantly greater leverage or torque than that required
for assembly.

V6.E4.7.1.1.2. Vapor containment is required for those operations involving toxic

CAs without explosives components and for those operations involving toxic chemical munitions
containing explosive components that do not subject the explosive components to a potential
initiating stimulus. Vapor containment requires the equipment or facility to be a DDESB-
approved design capable of containing non-explosion releases of toxic CAs. Operations
requiring vapor containment include, but are not limited to:

V6.E4.7.1.1.2.1. Toxic chemical munitions punching, drilling, or sawing

operations for removal of toxic CAs.

V6.E4.7.1.1.2.2. Burster-well removal.

V6.E4.7.1.1.2.3. Transfer of toxic CAs from bulk storage tanks, containers, or

toxic chemical munitions into holding tanks, chemical detoxification reactors, incinerators, or
similar processing equipment (e.g., may be found in a production, demilitarization, or disposal
line).

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V6.E4.7.1.1.2.4. Research, development, test, and evaluation chamber

operations.

V6.E4.7.1.2. Containment is not required for operations associated with field storage and
maintenance activities (e.g., shipping, storage, receiving, re-warehousing, minor maintenance,
surveillance inspection, repair, and encapsulation).

V6.E4.7.2. Training and Information. Anyone who works with toxic chemical munitions
and agents (e.g., agent workers, firefighters, and medical and security personnel) shall receive
training to enable them to work safely and to understand the significance of toxic CA exposures.
This training shall include, but is not limited to, information on sources of exposure, adverse
health effects, practices and controls used to limit exposures, environmental issues, medical
monitoring procedures, and employee responsibilities in health protection programs.

V6.E4.7.3. Recordkeeping. Recordkeeping pertaining to exposure determination and

measurement, mechanical ventilation, employee training, medical surveillance, and access to
records shall be consistent with Reference (h).

V6.E4.7.4. Labeling and Posting of Hazards

V6.E4.7.4.1. Signs and labels to warn personnel of hazards of toxic CAs are required for:

V6.E4.7.4.1.1. Work areas.

V6.E4.7.4.1.2. Contaminated clothing and equipment.

V6.E4.7.4.1.3. Identification of restricted-use areas.

V6.E4.7.4.2. When items or materials are contaminated or suspected of being

contaminated with toxic CAs, they shall be marked as follows:

V6.E4.7.4.2.1. The applicable supplemental chemical hazard symbol (see Figure

V1.E10.F34.) with “XXXXX” indicates that the items or materials have been completely
decontaminated and may be released for general use or sold to the general public. Items or
materials are completely decontaminated when they have been subjected to procedures that are
known to completely degrade the toxic CA molecule, or when analyses, approved by the
DDESB, have shown that the total quantity of toxic CA is less than the minimal health effects
dosage as determined by the Office of the Surgeon General of the Army.

V6.E4.7.4.2.2. The applicable supplemental chemical hazard symbol (see Figure

V1.E10.F34.) with “XXX” indicates that the items or materials have been decontaminated. Tests
or monitoring shall be conducted IAW the DoD Component requirements to verify that
concentrations do not exceed the AEL for an unmasked agent worker in Table V6.E4.T15.

V6.E4.7.4.2.3. The applicable supplemental chemical hazard symbol (see Figure

V1.E10.F34.) with a single “X” indicates the items or materials have been partially

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decontaminated of the indicated toxic CA. Further decontamination processes are required
before the item is moved or any maintenance or repair is performed without the use of PPE.

V6.E4.7.4.3. When facilities or rooms are contaminated or suspected of being

contaminated with toxic CAs, they shall be marked as follows (excluding magazines that use the
supplemental chemical hazard symbols shown in Figure V1.E10.F34.):

V6.E4.7.4.3.1. 5R – No Agent Hazard. A supplemental chemical hazard symbol (see

Figure V1.E10.F34.) with “RRRRR” indicates that all previously contaminated surfaces are
decontaminated and analyzed to demonstrate the absence of residual toxic CAs, and air sampling
indicates toxic CA vapor concentration is less than the 8-hour TWA for an unmasked agent
worker (see Table V6.E4.T15.). The air is sampled at a temperature of 70 degrees Fahrenheit
(°F) [21.1 degrees Celsius (°C)] or greater, with the facility’s ventilation system operating.

V6.E4.7.4.3.2. 4R – Controlled Agent Vapor Hazard. A supplemental chemical

hazard symbol (see Figure V1.E10.F34.) with “RRRR” indicates that all previously
contaminated surfaces are decontaminated using locally approved procedures and air sampling
indicates toxic CA vapor concentration is less than the 8-hour TWA for an unmasked agent
worker (see Table V6.E4.T15.). The air is sampled at a temperature of 70 °F [21.1 °C] or
greater, with the facility’s ventilation system operating.

V6.E4.7.4.3.3. 3R – Contained Agent Hazard. A supplemental chemical hazard

symbol (see Figure V1.E10.F34.) with “RRR” indicates that any toxic CAs are in containers or
packaging that, if left undisturbed, will prevent agent vapor or contact hazards.

V6.E4.7.4.3.4. 2R – Agent Vapor Hazard. A supplemental chemical hazard symbol

(see Figure V1.E10.F34.) with “RR” indicates that any toxic CAs are in containers or packaging
that, if left undisturbed, prevent contact hazards.

V6.E4.7.4.3.5. lR – Agent Hazard. A supplemental chemical hazard symbol (see

Figure V1.E10.F34.) with “R” indicates the possibility of toxic CA contact or vapor hazards, or
agents in a single container or packaging that may leak. This includes rooms being used for
operations that may cause agents to be released from engineering controls due to accidental
causes.

V6.E4.7.5. Emergencies

V6.E4.7.5.1. In case of an accidental release of a toxic CA that may result in personnel

exposure, all nonessential and unprotected personnel shall evacuate immediately. Contaminated
areas shall be decontaminated to applicable Table V6.E4.T15. AELs before normal operations
are resumed.

V6.E4.7.5.2. Special medical surveillance shall be started within 24 hours for all
personnel present in the potentially affected area at the time of the emergency.

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V6.E4.7.5.3. The DoD Component shall maintain up-to-date chemical accident and
incident control plans and conduct practice exercises of these plans at least annually.

V6.E4.7.6. Toxic CA Decontamination

V6.E4.7.6.1. When toxic CAs are spilled or released, immediate action shall be taken to
contain the spill and clean up the agent in the immediate area of the spill.

V6.E4.7.6.2. Before leaving contaminated work areas, the external surfaces of the PPE
shall be decontaminated.

V6.E4.7.6.3. When PPE becomes contaminated with toxic CAs, the outside layer of
clothing shall be removed and decontaminated as soon as possible.

V6.E4.7.6.4. PPE that has been worn in known contaminated areas (toxic CA detected)
shall be decontaminated and monitored before reuse. Because mustard penetrates into many
protective materials with time, reuse of any PPE that has been contaminated with liquid mustard
is not permitted. PPE that has been worn in potentially contaminated areas (when no agent
leakage has been visually observed or detected by use of field detection equipment) shall be
monitored before being moved to areas accessible to non-agent workers.

V6.E4.7.6.5. Monitoring of protective clothing and equipment shall include

containerization at 70 °F [21.1 °C] or higher for at least 4 hours, with subsequent analysis of a
portion of the interior atmosphere of the container for the toxic CA. The volume of the container
as well as the sample volume must be noted.

V6.E4.7.6.6. PPE found to emit toxic CA concentrations above the XXX level after
decontamination shall not be reused. It shall be disposed of IAW the DoD Component guidance
and in compliance with all Federal, State, and local requirements.

V6.E4.7.6.7. Before toxic CA disposal systems are converted to different agents, the
piping, tanks, etc. of the disposal systems shall be filled with decontaminating solution and a
contact time of 10 half lives or greater shall be provided. Walls and floors of process areas shall
be decontaminated to ensure the absence of contact hazards.

V6.E4.7.7. Recertification of Protective Clothing. After decontamination, clothing that has

been determined to be XXX may be laundered, visually examined, and recertified by the DoD
Component for use. Other PPE, such as boots and gloves, shall be tested, laundered, and
recertified for use in the same manner.

V6.E4.7.8. Transportation of Items or Materials Contaminated with Toxic CAs. Items or

materials contaminated with toxic CAs may be transported from one location to another. They
shall be encapsulated within an agent-tight barrier. In addition, the following shall be
overpacked in compatibly lined drums or provided with other suitably tested containment before
being transported:

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V6.E4.7.8.1. Items or materials potentially contaminated with liquid toxic CA.

V6.E4.7.8.2. Items or materials that fail a XXX determination.

V6.E4.7.8.3. Items or materials suspected of offering hazards due to skin exposure to a

toxic CA.

V6.E4.7.9. Transportation of Toxic Chemical Munitions and Bulk Agents. The

requirements established by the DoD Component shall be met.

V6.E4.8. ENGINEERING DESIGN GUIDANCE FOR FACILITIES. The chemical handling

and maintenance areas associated with industrial operations shall be isolated from the main
facility and shall be operated at a negative pressure with respect to the main facility area. The
agent handling rooms shall be equipped with local exhaust ventilation that may be cascaded to
more contaminated areas and exhausted out of a common exhaust stack. All air leaving the
facility shall be filtered through redundant filter banks or other DDESB-approved
decontamination methods. The flow of air (negative pressures) shall go from less-hazardous
areas to more-hazardous areas.

V6.E4.8.1. Air Ventilation Systems. Air ventilation systems shall be designed and
periodically tested to ensure that control of toxic CA-contaminated exhaust shall not exceed
source emission limits of Table V6.E4.T15.

V6.E4.8.1.1. Filters or scrubbers for exhaust air shall be designed and approved for the
MCE of the operations involved.

V6.E4.8.1.2. Redundant filters shall be used when filter breakthrough of the toxic CA is
expected. Filters shall be changed when agent breaks through the filter that is just upstream of
the last filter.

V6.E4.8.1.3. All exhaust equipment shall have backup blowers that automatically engage
if the main blower fails.

V6.E4.8.1.4. Filter systems shall be fitted with the means to measure the pressure drop
across the filters.

V6.E4.8.1.5. Exhaust hoods and glove boxes shall be designed to contain toxic CAs so
that concentrations specified in Table V6.E4.T15. for unmasked agent workers are not exceeded
outside engineering controls. The design of these items shall permit airflow adjustments
sufficient to maintain the required protection level when laboratory equipment is in place.

V6.E4.8.1.5.1. Catch basins and traps or spill trays of sufficient capacity to contain
the quantity of toxic CA involved shall be provided within hoods and glove boxes.

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V6.E4.8.1.5.2. Glove boxes shall be used when the hazards analysis indicates that
toxic CA aerosols or dusts may be present during an operation.

V6.E4.8.1.6. Special design features shall be used when exposed explosives are involved
to segregate explosives from air ventilation systems.

V6.E4.8.2. Mechanical and Utilities Design for Facilities

V6.E4.8.2.1. The design parameters shall consider equipment and process layout,
makeup airflow, and operational positions with regard to maintaining flow balance and cross
currents. The system shall maintain negative pressure in operating areas in relation to hallways,
offices, and other nontoxic CA areas.

V6.E4.8.2.2. Working surfaces, walls, floors, and ceilings within a facility likely to be
contaminated shall be constructed of agent-resistant materials. Flooring material shall cover wall
surfaces to a height of 6 inches [15.2 centimeters].

V6.E4.8.2.3. Access to nontoxic CA areas (e.g., utilities, mechanical rooms, etc.) shall
be accomplished without entry into toxic CA areas.

V6.E4.8.2.4. Electrical systems shall be equipped with a backup power source designed
to start automatically and supply sufficient power to support critical functions in the event of
power outage.

V6.E4.8.2.5. Safety showers and eyewash fountains shall be readily accessible and
tested.

V6.E4.8.2.6. Water outlets in a toxic CA operational facility shall be fitted with

backflow devices.

V6.E4.8.2.7. Dedicated liquid waste systems shall be designed to collect and hold
potentially toxic CA-contaminated effluent produced by the activity until disposal IAW
applicable laws. Vents or other openings in the waste system shall be fitted with approved toxic
CA filters or connected or exhausted to facility toxic CA air filtration system.

V6.E4.8.2.8. Decontamination facilities of sufficient capacity to catch and contain liquid

effluents shall be provided for toxic CA operations. Adequate decontamination solution shall be
available for immediate use on personnel or on facilities.

V6.E4.8.2.9. When operations require work assignments to be conducted at exposure

levels above or potentially above the AEL for unmasked agent workers (see Table V6.E4.T15.),
change facilities with showers shall be provided.

V6.E4.8.3. General Design Considerations

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V6.E4.8.3.1. Facility Alarms and Monitors for Engineering Systems. Each toxic CA
facility shall have a master alarm and control panel that will permit functional verification of the
exhaust blowers and air handlers. Visual and audible alert alarms shall be keyed to this master
alarm panel to indicate failures.

V6.E4.8.3.2. Fire Detection and Protection. Fire detection and protection systems for
production and maintenance facilities shall comply with the requirements and guidelines in U.S.
Army Armament and Research Development Command publication (Reference (i)).

V6.E4.8.3.3. Bulk Storage Tanks. Impermeable dikes to hold at least 110 percent of the
tank capacity, plus the required volume of decontaminant solution, shall be placed around all
bulk agent tanks, reactors, and mixers. However, a system designed to pump the toxic CA from
the dikes to a vessel designed to accommodate the decontamination will satisfy this requirement
that the dike contain sufficient volume for the decontaminating solutions.

V6.E4.8.3.4. Isolation of Facility Functions. Toxic CA facilities shall be designed to

isolate unrelated activities by physical barriers or approved engineering controls. Design criteria
shall prevent explosives from entering drain lines and sumps containing toxic CAs.

V6.E4.8.3.5. Monitoring. Air monitoring stations shall be established around toxic CA

operational areas and storage areas to determine if Table V6.E4.T15. AELs are exceeded. In
laboratory environments, this requirement is met by routine area monitors and stack sampling.

V6.E4.8.3.5.1. Monitoring analyses conducted for the purpose of demonstrating

compliance with AELs shall be based on DoD Component-certified reference materials.

V6.E4.8.3.5.2. Monitoring analyses conducted for the purpose demonstrating

compliance with AELs shall be conducted under quality assurance plans that address the:

V6.E4.8.3.5.2.1. Production, characterization, and storage of DoD Component-

certified reference materials.

V6.E4.8.3.5.2.2. Documentation of precision, accuracy, and quantification limits

of analytical methodology.

V6.E4.8.3.5.2.3. External oversight of laboratory results.

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ENCLOSURE 5

RISK-BASED SITING

V6.E5.1. SCOPE. This enclosure provides guidance and minimum requirements for
quantitative risk-based siting. It provides the basis for quantifying the risks from a PES to
personnel at each exposed ES (individual risk (probability of fatality (Pf ))) and at all exposed
ESs (group risk (expected fatalities (Ef))) by performing a quantitative risk assessment when the
QD criteria of this Manual cannot be met. Procedures are provided for preparing, submitting,
and periodically reviewing risk-based site plans.

V6.E5.2. RISK-BASED SITING TOOL

V6.E5.2.1. Safety Assessment for Explosives Risk (SAFER©) is a DDESB-approved

software code (tool) for conducting risk-based explosives safety siting (DDESB Technical Paper
19 (Reference (j))). A detailed description of the approved risk and analysis approach and
methodology (model) implemented in SAFER© is given in DDESB Technical Paper 14
(Reference (k)).

V6.E5.2.2. The approved model for risk-based siting (Reference (k)) provides risk estimates
for individual and group risks.

V6.E5.2.2.1. Pf is a function of the probability of an explosives event, the probability of

fatality given an event and exposure, and the exposure of one person.

V6.E5.2.2.2. Ef is a function of the probability of an explosives event, the probability of

fatality given an event and exposure, and the exposure of all persons within the risk-based
evaluation distance.

V6.E5.2.2.3. The approved model treats those risk estimates as statistical distributions.

V6.E5.2.3. The approved model is only applicable if all PESs are separated by IMD IAW
this Manual, or the individual NEWQDs for each PES are summed and treated as a single PES.

V6.E5.3. RISK-BASED SITE PLANNING REQUIREMENTS. A risk-based explosives safety

site plan submitted to the DDESB for approval must satisfy these conditions:

V6.E5.3.1. Have in place a current QD waiver, exemption, or Secretarial Certification, or an

approved justification for the proposed siting. In the latter case, the DoD Component shall
determine procedures for approving the justification. The DoD Component-approved
justification shall be provided with the risk-based explosives safety site plan; this justification is
provided for information purposes only and is not subject to DDESB approval.

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V6.E5.3.2. Use the latest approved version of the SAFER© code or equivalent DDESB-
approved analysis tools for risk-based explosives safety site plan assessments. (See section
V6.E5.7. for requirements for equivalent analysis tools.) The DoD Components may submit
explosives safety site plans to the DDESB for approval that were initiated under previous
versions of SAFER© or the equivalent DDESB-approved analysis tool.

V6.E5.3.3. Evaluate all ESs within the ES group exposed by the PES (of the PES/ES pair
not meeting QD separation criteria). The ES group contains those ESs out to a distance from the
PES where contributions to Pf are no longer significant (i.e., out to the risk-based evaluation
distance where Pf is equal to 1x10-8 for an individual present 24/7/365 in the open or IBD,
whichever is greater).

V6.E5.3.4. Determine Pf by summing the risks from all PESs that expose the ES to
significant risk (i.e., from all PESs for which the ES is in the ES group exposed by the PES).

V6.E5.3.5. Evaluate ESs exposed to a new PES and include significant risks from all other
PESs.

V6.E5.3.6. Determine group risk by summing all Pf, as explained in paragraph V6.E5.3.4.,
for all of the ESs within the ES group, as described in paragraph V6.E5.3.3.

V6.E5.3.7. Use (i.e., input) the full siting amount (NEWQD) and full yield.

V6.E5.3.8. Accept, as the DoD Component, the risks not evaluated by the DDESB-approved
risk tool (i.e., risks to facilities, equipment, assets, and mission). This risk acceptance by the
DoD Component does not address other violations of this Manual.

V6.E5.3.9. Ensure the results of the quantitative risk assessment satisfy the criteria of Table
V6.E5.T17.

Table V6.E5.T17. Risk-Based Explosives Siting Acceptance Criteria

Risk to: Criteria:

Any one related individual – Related Pf < 1x10-4 per year
All related individuals – Related Ef < 1x10-3 per year
Any one unrelated individual – Unrelated Pf < 1x10-6 per year
All unrelated individuals – Unrelated Ef < 1x10-5 per year

V6.E5.4. RISK-BASED EXPLOSIVES SAFETY SITE PLAN DOCUMENTATION

REQUIREMENTS. Risk-based explosives safety site plans submitted to the DDESB for
approval must include:

V6.E5.4.1. The DoD Component approved justification for not meeting QD. (See paragraph
V6.E5.3.1.)

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V6.E5.4.2. Explanation of assumptions made for the inputs in the DDESB-approved risk
tool to define the situation to be analyzed.

V6.E5.4.3. Explanation of inputs used in the DDESB-approved risk tool.

V6.E5.4.4. Summary of results compared to the risk-based siting acceptance criteria IAW
Table V6.E5.T17.

V6.E5.4.5. Data required IAW paragraph V1.E5.1.3. (Site plan documentation is required.)

V6.E5.5. RISK-BASED EXPLOSIVES SAFETY SITE PLAN REVIEW REQUIREMENTS.

DDESB-approved risk-based site plan reviews shall be conducted:

V6.E5.5.1. By the originating DoD Component a minimum of every 5 years to ensure that
siting conditions have not changed. If conditions have not changed, this information shall be
documented in the site plan files at the installation and at the DoD Component confirming the
continued acceptable status of the site plan. If conditions have changed, paragraph V6.E5.5.2.
shall be applied.

V6.E5.5.2. Whenever DDESB-approved siting assumptions and the risk-based program

inputs change and those changes have a potential increase on individual or group risk, or if there
is uncertainty as to what the risk impact will be. Examples of changes that might increase
individual and group risk are adding additional personnel to an ES, adding a new ES, increasing
NEWQD at a PES, adding a new PES, a change in PES mission, and changes in ES construction.
In such cases, the existing risk-based explosives safety site plan shall be updated and re-
evaluated to determine the risk impact of the changes using one of these methods:

V6.E5.5.2.1. If risk does not violate the acceptance criteria in Table V6.E5.T17., a
revised risk-based explosives safety site plan shall be prepared IAW the procedures in sections
V6.E5.3. and V6.E5.4. and submitted to the DDESB for approval.

V6.E5.5.2.2. If risk does violate the acceptance criteria in Table V6.E5.T17. but does not
increase beyond the DDESB-approved risk-based siting criteria in effect at the time the
explosives safety site plan was previously approved, a revised risk-based explosives safety site
plan shall be prepared IAW the procedures in sections V6.E5.3. and V6.E5.4. and submitted to
the DDESB for approval.

V6.E5.5.2.3. If the risk violates both the acceptance criteria in Table V6.E5.T17. and the
DDESB-approved risk-based siting acceptance criteria in effect at the time the explosives safety
site plan was previously approved, the DDESB-approved risk-based siting is no longer valid, and
the DDESB must be so notified.

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V6.E5.6. QUANTITATIVE RISK MANAGEMENT COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS. It is

recommended that a DDESB-approved risk-based assessment model be used for conducting
comparative analyses for risk management purposes. (See paragraph V6.E5.3.2.)

V6.E5.7. EQUIVALENT RISK-BASED ANALYSIS TOOL. An equivalent risk-based analysis

tool for use in risk-based siting must meet these requirements to be approved by the DDESB:

V6.E5.7.1. Address all applicable aspects of the approved risk-based model. (See Reference
(k).)

V6.E5.7.2. Document all data sources used to develop the algorithms used in the model.

V6.E5.7.3. Provide software validation and verification results to the DDESB for an
assessment and have the software certified by the DoD Information Technology Security
Certification and Accreditation Process.

V6.E5.7.4. Provide the results of a peer review of the model to the DDESB for an
assessment.

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GLOSSARY

ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS

AE ammunition and explosives

AEL airborne exposure limit
AGM aboveground magazine

BLAHA basic load ammunition holding area

BLSA basic load storage area

°C degrees Celsius
CA chemical agent
CAPA combat aircraft parking area

DDESB Department of Defense Explosives Safety Board

DUSD(I&E) Deputy Under Secretary of Defense for Installations and Environment

ECM earth-covered magazine

Ef expected fatalities
EQN equation
ES exposed site

°F degrees Fahrenheit
FARP forward arming and refueling point
ft foot or feet

GA dimethylaminoethoxy-cyanophosphine oxide (common name is tabun)

(nerve agent)
GB isopropyl methylphosphonofluoridate (common name is sarin) (nerve
agent)
GD pinacolyl methylphosphonofluoridate (common name is soman) (nerve
agent)

HAS hardened aircraft shelter

HD hazard division
H/HD 2,2’ dichlorodiethyl sulfide (common name is distilled mustard) (blister
agent)
H/HT 60% HD and 40% 2,2’ dichloroethylthiodiethyl ether (common name is
mustard-T mixture) (blister agent)

IAW in accordance with

IBD inhabited building distance
ILD intraline distance
IMD intermagazine distance

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JTF Joint Task Force

kg kilogram
kPa kilopascal

L dichloro (2-chlorovinyl) arsine (common name is lewisite) (blister agent)

lbs pounds

m meter
m3 cubic meter
MCE maximum credible event
mg milligram
mg-min milligram-minute
MIL-STD Military Standard
MOOTW military operations other than war

NEWQD net explosive weight for quantity-distance

NIOSH National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health

PES potential explosion site

Pf probability of fatality
PPE personal protective equipment
psi pounds per square inch
PTRD public traffic route distance

QD quantity-distance

SAFER© Safety Assessment for Explosives Risk

SCBA self-contained breathing apparatus

TWA time-weighted average

USD(AT&L) Under Secretary of Defense for Acquisition, Technology, and Logistics

VX 0-ethyl S-[2-(diisopropylamino) Ethyl] Methylphosphonothioate (nerve

agent)

Change 1, 08/31/2011 42 GLOSSARY