FRAMEWORK FOR MATERNAL AND CHILD NURSING • circumstances such as illness or pregnancy are

meaningful only in the context of a total life

o holistic approach through nursing care na
• The care of childbearing and childrearing families is a binibigay natin
major focus of nursing practice.
• Maternal and child health nursing is a challenging role
• To have healthy adults, you must have healthy children. for nurses and a major factor in keeping families well
• To have healthy children, it is important to promote the and optimally functioning
health of the childbearing woman and her family from o we guide them kasi diba sabi nga natin
the time before children are born until they reach promotion from the time na buntis si mami o
adulthood. before pa magbuntis until i-guide hanggang sa
manganak na siya na adolescence na yung
PRIMARY GOAL OF MATERNAL AND CHILD HEALTH anak
NURSING
COMMON MEASURES TO ENSURE FAMILY-CENTERED
• The promotion and maintenance of optimal family MATERNAL AND CHILD HEALTH CARE
health to ensure cycles of optimal childbearing and
childrearing. • Principles
o The family is the basic unit of society
SCOPE OF PRACTICE o families come in many different forms and
sizes and represent racial, ethnic, cultural, and
• The range of services and care that may be provided by socioeconomic diversity
a nurse based on state requirements o Children grow both individually and as part of
o Preconceptual health care a family
▪ so before the mother is mabuntis pa
so we are involved NURSING INTERVENTIONS
o Care of woman during 3 trimesters of
pregnancy and the puerperium (6th weeks • Consider the family as a whole as well as its individual
after birth), sometimes termed the fourth of members
trimester of pregnancy)
• Assess families for strengths as well as for specific
▪ so ito yung time na buntis na si needs or challenges
mother until manganak sya o para andun tayo para ma-assist sila
o Care of children during the perinatal period (6
weeks before conception to 6 weeks after • respect diversity in families as a unique quality of that
birth). family
o Care of children from birth through • share or initiate information on health planning with
adolescence. family members so that care is family oriented
o Care in settings as varied as the birthing room, • encourage family bonding through rooming-in in both
the pediatric intensive care unit, and the home. maternal and child health hospital settings
• encourage families to give care to a newborn or ill child
PHILOSOPHY • family members affect other members; individual
members affect the total family group
• Maternal and child health nursing is family centered; • Encourage family and sibling visits in the hospital to
assessment must include both family and individual promote family
assessment data • Participate in early hospital discharge programs to
• Maternal and child health nursing is community reunite families as soon as possible
centered; the health of families depends on and o mostly in normal delivery na within 48 hours
influences the health of communities kapag walang complications, pwede na umuwi
• Maternal and child health nursing is evidence-based; • Include developmental stimulation in nursing care
because this is the means whereby critical knowledge o developmental stimulation — activities, or
increases nagbibigay suggestions on how to stimulate
o we used this evidence based to improve our the development of the child
nursing practice especially in community • encourage families to reach out to their community
• Maternal and child health nursing is serves as an o affected family will affect community
advocate to protect the rights of all family members, o so that family members are not isolated from
including the fetus their community or from each other
• Maternal and child health nursing includes a high
degree of independent nursing functions because ➢ A nurse involves the mother and father in physical exam
teaching and counseling are major interventions to promote family-centered care.
• Promoting health and disease prevention are
STANDARD OF MCH PRACTICE
important nursing roles because these protect the
health of the next generation
• Maternal and child health nurses serve as important • To promote consistency and ensure quality nursing
resources for families during childbearing and care and outcomes in these areas, specialty
childrearing as these can be extremely stressful times organizations have developed guidelines for care in
in a life cycle their specific areas of nursing practices.
• Personal, cultural, and religious attitudes and belief • In maternal-child health, standards have been
influence the meaning and impact of childbearing and developed by the Division of Maternal-Child Health
childrearing on families Nursing Practice of the American Nurses Association
o very common with regards as communities or in collaboration with the Society of Pediatric Nurses.
some of the families kasi we are very tie with • The Association of Women’s Health, Obstetric, and
our culture, our beliefs Neonatal Nurses (AWHONN), has developed similar

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 standards for the nursing care of women and • Counselor
newborns.
ADVANCE PRACTICE ROLE FOR NURSE IN MCN
American Nurses Association/Society of Pediatric Nurses
Standards of Care and Professional Performance Clinical Nurse Specialist
• Nurses prepared at the master's or doctorate degree
STANDARDS FOR PROFESSIONAL NURSING PRACTICE IN
level who are capable of acting as consultants in their
THE CARE OF WOMEN AND NEWBORNS
area of expertise, as well as serving as role models,
researchers, and teachers of quality nursing care. Ex.
Standards of Care
neonatal, maternal, child, adolescent health care and
lactation consultation
▪ STANDARD I. ASSESSMENT The nurse collects
health data about women and newborns.
Case Manager
▪ STANDARD II. DIAGNOSIS The nurse analyzes the
• A graduate-level nurse who supervises a group of
assessment data in determining diagnoses and
patients from the time they enter a health care setting
identifying problems of women and newborns.
until they are discharged from the setting or, in a
▪ STANDARD III. OUTCOME IDENTIFICATION The
seamless care system, into their homes as well,
nurse identifies expected outcomes individualized to
monitoring the effectiveness, cost, and satisfaction of
the woman or newborn.
their health care. They help prevent fragmentation of
▪ STANDARD IV. PLANNING The nurse develops a plan
care and ensure that such important qualities as
of care that prescribes interventions to attain expected
continuity of care and providing a feeling of "medical
outcomes for women or newborns.
home" are included in care.
▪ STANDARD V. IMPLEMENTATION The nurse
implements the interventions identified in the woman's
Nurse Practitioner
or newborn's plan of care.
▪ STANDARD VI. EVALUATION The nurse evaluates • Nurses educated at the master's or doctoral level.
womens’ and newborns' progress toward expected Recent advances in technology, research, and
outcomes. knowledge have amplified the need for longer and more
in-depth education for nurse practitioners as they play
Association of Women's Health, Obstetric, and Neonatal Nurses pivotal roles in today's health care system. They have
(AWHONN) the highest level of practice expertise integrated with
the ability to translate scientific knowledge into complex
Standards of Professional Performance clinical interventions. They have the potential to expand
the scientific basis for practice as well as create leaders
▪ STANDARD I. QUALITY OF CARE The nurse for organization and system management, quality
improvement, health policy development, and
systematically evaluates the quality and effectiveness
of nursing practice and implements measures to interdisciplinary collaboration. (Fain, Asselin, &
improve the quality of care for women and newborns. McCurry, 2008).
▪ STANDARD II. PERFORMANCE APPRAISAL The
Women's Health Nurse Practitioner
nurse evaluates her or his own nursing practice in
relation to professional practice standards and relevant • Has advanced study in the promotion of health and
statutes and regulations. prevention of illness in women. They plays a vital role
▪ STANDARD III. EDUCATION The nurse acquires and in educating women about their bodies and sharing with
maintains current knowledge in maternal, newborn, them methods to prevent illness; in addition, they care
and/or women's health nursing practice. for women with illnesses such as sexually transmitted
▪ STANDARD IV. COLLEGIALITY The nurse infections and offer information and counsel them
contributes to the professional development of peers, about reproductive life planning. They play a large role
colleagues, and other health care providers. in helping women remain well so that they can enter a
▪ STANDARD V. ETHICS The nurse's decisions and pregnancy in good health and maintain their health
actions on behalf of women and newborns are throughout life
determined in an ethical manner.
▪ STANDARD VI. COLLABORATION The nurse Pediatric Nurse Practitioner
collaborates with women, families, significant others, • A nurse prepared with extensive skills in physical
and health care providers in providing care. lassessment, interviewing, and well-child counseling
▪ STANDARD VII. RESEARCH The nurse integrates and care. Nurse interviews parents as part of an
research findings in practice. extensive health history and performs a physical
▪ STANDARD VIII. RESOURCE UTILIZATION The assessment of the child. If the nurse's diagnosis is that
nurse considers factors related to safety, effectiveness the child is well, he or she discusses with the parents
and cost in planning and delivering care to women and any childrearing concerns mentioned in the interview,
newborns. administers any immunizations needed, offers
▪ STANDARD IX. PRACTICE ENVIRONMENT The anticipatory guidance (based on the plan necessary of
nurse promotes a safe and therapeutic environment for care), and arranges a return appointment for the next
women, newborns, family, significant others, and care well-child checkup.
providers.
▪ STANDARD X. ACCOUNTABILITY The nurse is Neonatal Nurse Practitioner
professionally and legally accountable for her or his • An advanced-practice role for nurses who are skilled in
practice the care of newborns, both well and ill. The NNP's
responsibilities include managing and caring for
newborns in intensive care units, conducting normal
MCH ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES
newborn assessments and physical examinations, and
providing high-risk follow-up discharge planning
• Care Provider (Bowen, 2007). They also are transporting responsible
• Advocate ill infants to these different care settings for transporting
• Educator ill infants to these different care settings.

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 purposive, systematic view of phenomena by designing
Family Nurse Practitioner specific inter-relationships among concepts for the
• Nurse provides health care not only to women and purposes of describing, explaining, predicting, and /or
children but also to the family as a whole. In conjunction prescribing.
with a physician, an FNP can provide prenatal care for ▪ Nursing theories are attempts to describe or explain the
a woman with an uncomplicated pregnancy. The FNP phenomenon (process, occurrence and event) called
takes the health and pregnancy history, performs nursing" - Barnum(1998)
physical and obstetric examinations, orders appropriate
diagnostic and laboratory tests, and plans continued THEORIES RELATED TO MATERNAL AND CHILD
care throughout the pregnancy and for the family NURSING
afterward. FNPs then monitor the family indefinitely to
promote health and optimal family functioning during Patricia Benner (Novice to Expert Theory)
health and illness. ▪ Nursing is a caring relationship. Nurses grow from
novice to expert as they practice in clinical settings.
Certified Nurse-Midwife
• An individual educated and licensed in the two Florence Nightingale
disciplines of nursing and midwifery, they plays an ▪ The role of the nurse is viewed as changing or
important role in assisting women with pregnancy and structuring elements of the environment such as
childbearing. Either independently or in association with ventilation, temperature, odors, noise, and light to put
a physician, the nurse-midwife assumes full the client into the best opportunity for recovery.
responsibility for the care and management of women ▪ Sabi ni Nightingale we have to control this environment
with uncomplicated pregnancies. Nurse-midwives play para ang patient is uhm gumaling (XD); same sa setting
a large role in making birth an unforgettable family ng Maternal and Child, for example nasa hospital ang
event as well as helping to ensure a healthy outcome Mother dala ang batang may sakit so applicable din to,
for both mother and child (Declercq, 2007) we modify the environment para maging healthy or
bumalik sila sa healthy state nila.
4 PHASES OF HEALTH CARE

Betty Neuman (Neuman’s System Model)

▪ A person is an open system that interacts with the
environment; nursing is aimed at reducing stressors
through primary, secondary, and tertiary prevention.

Dorothea Orem (Self-Care Deficit Nursing Theory)

▪ The focus of nursing is on the individual; clients are
assessed in terms of ability to complete self-care. Care
given may be wholly compensatory (client has no role);
partly compensatory (client participates in care); or
supportive-educational (client performs own care).

Ida Jean Orlando (Nursing Process Discipline Theory)

▪ The focus of the nurse is interaction with the client;
effectiveness of care depends on the client’s behavior
and the nurse’s reaction to that behavior. The client
should define his or her own needs.
▪ ADOPIE

Rosemarie Rizzo Parse (Theory of Human Becoming)

▪ Nursing is a human science. Health is a lived
experience. Man-living-health as a single unit guides
practice.
The Nursing Process
▪ A form of problem solving based on the scientific Martha Rogers (Theory of Unitary Human Beings)
method, serves as the basis for assessing, making a ▪ The purpose of nursing is to move the client toward
nursing diagnosis, planning, organizing, and evaluating optimal health; the nurse should view the client as
care. whole and constantly changing and help people to
▪ Serve to accentuate the increasingly important role of interact in the best way possible with the environment.
the nurse as a coordinator of client care and member of ▪ Holistic care - you should view the person not only as a
a collaborative team. unit, but as a whole.

Evidence-Based Practice Dorothy Johnson (Behavioral System Model)

▪ The conscientious, explicit, and judicious use of current ▪ A person comprises subsystems that must remain in
best evidence in making decisions about the care of balance for optimal functioning. Any actual or potential
patients. threat to this system balance is a nursing concern.
▪ Evidence can be a combination of research, clinical
expertise, and patient preferences when all three Imogene King (Goal Attainment Theory)
combine in decision making. ▪ Nursing is a process of action, reaction, interaction, and
transaction; needs are identified based on client’s social
Nursing Theory system, perceptions, and health; the role of the nurse is
▪ Is a set of concepts, definitions, relationships, and to help the client achieve goal attainment.
assumptions or propositions derived from nursing
models or from other disciplines and projects a

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Medeleine Leininger (Transcultural Nursing Theory) Goal 11: Sustainable cities and communities
▪ The essence of nursing is care. To provide transcultural SGD 11 is to: “Make cities and human settlements inclusive,
care, the nurse focuses on the study and analysis of safe, resilient, and sustainable”
different cultures with respect to caring behavior.
Goal 12: responsible consumption and production
Hildegard Peplau (Interpersonal Relationship Theory) SGD 12 is to: “Ensure sustainable consumption and production
▪ The promotion of health is viewed as the forward patterns”
movement of the personality; this is accomplished
through an interpersonal process that includes Goal 13: Climate Action
orientation, identification, exploitation, and resolution SGD 13 is to: “Take urgent action to combat climate change and
its impacts by regulating emissions and promoting developments
Sister Callista Roy (Adaptation Model of Nursing) in renewable energy”
▪ The role of the nurse is to aid clients to adapt to the
change caused by illness; levels of adaptation depend Goal 14: Life below water
on the degree of environmental change and state of SGD 14 is to: “Conserve and sustainably use the oceans, seas
coping ability: full adaptation includes physiologic and marine resources for sustainable development”
interdependence. Goal 15: Life on land
SDG 15 is to: "Protect, restore and promote sustainable use of
Ramona Mercer terrestrial ecosystems, sustainably manage forests, combat
▪ It provides appropriate health care interventions for desertification, and halt and reverse land degradation and halt
nontraditional mothers in order for them to develop a biodiversity loss".
strong maternal identity. This helps in the building of the
mother-child relationship as the infant grows. Goal 16: Peace, justice and strong institutions
SDG 16 is to: "Promote peaceful and inclusive societies for
WHO’S 17 SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS sustainable development, provide access to justice for all and
build effective, accountable and inclusive institutions at all
levels".
MISSION: "A blueprint to achieve a better and more
sustainable future for all people and the world by 2030"
Goal 16: Peace, justice and strong institutions
TYPE OF PROJECT: Non-Profit
SDG 16 is to: "Promote peaceful and inclusive societies for
LOCATION: Global
sustainable development, provide access to justice for all and
OWNER: Supported by UN & owned by community
build effective, accountable and inclusive institutions at all
FOUNDER: United Nations
levels".
ESTABLISHED: 2015

Goal 1: No Poverty
"Ensure healthy lives and promote well-being for all at all
SGD 1 is to: “End poverty in all its form everywhere”
ages".
Goal 2: Zero hunger (No hunger) • REPRODUCTIVE, MATERNAL, NEWBORN AND
SDG 2 is to: "End hunger, achieve food security and improved CHILD HEALTH
nutrition, and promote sustainable agriculture" • INFECTIOUS DISEASES
• NON-COMMUNICABLE DISEASES
Goal 3: Good health and well-being • MENTAL HEALTH
SDG 3 is to: "Ensure healthy lives and promote well-being for all • ENVIRONMENTAL RISKS
at all ages".
• HEALTH SYSTEMS AND FUNDING
Goal 4: Quality education
THE GLOBAL HEALTH GOALS (UN & WHO, 2000)
SDG 4 is to: "Ensure inclusive and equitable quality education
and promote lifelong learning opportunities for all". • To end poverty and hunger.
• To achieve universal primary education.
Goal 5: Gender equality • To promote gender equality and empower women.
SDG 5 is to: "Achieve gender equality and empower all women • To reduce child mortality.
and girls" • To improve maternal health.
• To combat HIV/AIDS, malaria, and other diseases.
Goal 6: Clean water and sanitation
SDG 6 is to: "Ensure availability and sustainable management of • To ensure environmental sustainability.
water and sanitation for all". • To develop a global partnership for development.

Goal 7: Affordable and clean energy SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOAL 3 TARGETS

SDG 7 is to: "Ensure access to affordable, reliable, sustainable • By 2030, reduce the global maternal mortality ratio to
and modern energy for all" less than 70 per 100 000 live births.
• By 2030, end preventable deaths of newborns and
Goal 8: Decent work and economic growth children under 5 years of age, with all countries aiming
SDG 8 is to: "Promote sustained, inclusive and sustainable to reduce neonatal mortality to at least as low as 12 per
economic growth, full and productive employment and decent 1,000 live births and under-5 mortality to at least as low
work for all". as 25 per 1000 live births.
• By 2030, end the epidemics AIDS, tuberculosis, malaria
Goal 9: Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure and neglected tropical diseases and combat hepatitis,
SDG 9 is to: "Build resilient Goal 7: infrastructure, promote water-borne diseases and other communicable
inclusive and sustainable industrialization, and foster innovation" diseases.
• By 2030, reduce by one third premature mortality from
Goal 10: Reduced inequality non-communicable diseases through prevention and
SGD 10 is to: “Reduce income inequality within and among treatment and promote mental health and well-being.
countries”

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• Strengthen the prevention and treatment of substance Levels and Trends in Child Mortality: 2020 Report by WHO,
abuse, including narcotic drug abuse and harmful use UNICEF and UN August 2020
of alcohol.
• By 2020, halve the number of global deaths and injuries
from road traffic accidents.
• By 2030, ensure universal access to sexual and
reproductive health-care services, including for family
planning, information and education, and the integration
of reproductive health into national strategies and
programs.
• 3.5 Strengthen the prevention and treatment of
substance abuse, including narcotic drug abuse
and harmful use of alcohol.
• 3.6 By 2020, halve the number of global deaths and
injuries from road traffic accidents. (“so, kasama rin
ito sa ating health and well-being.”)
• By 2030, ensure universal access to sexual and
reproductive health care services, including for
family planning, information and education, and the
integration of reproductive health into national
strategies and programmes.
• (Another target is;) 3.8 Achieve universal health
coverage, including financial risk protection,
access to quality essential health-care services and
access to safe, effective, quality and affordable
essential medicines and vaccines for all. (“hopefully
by 2030, mas bumaba ang presyo ng ating mga gamot.
For them to be affordable and accessible to all”)
• 3.9 By 2030, substantially reduce the number of
deaths and illnesses from hazardous chemicals
and air, water and soil pollution and contamination
• 3.A Strengthen the implementation of the WHO
Framework Convention on Tobacco Control in all
countries, as appropriate.
• 3.B Support the research and development of
vaccines and medicines for the communicable and
non-communicable diseases that primarily affect
developing countries, provide access to affordable
essential medicines and vaccines, in accordance
with the Doha Declaration on the TRIPS Agreement
and Public Health, which affirms the right of
developing countries to use to the full the
provisions in the Agreement on Trade Related
Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights regarding
flexibilities to protect public health and, in
particular, provide access to medicines for all.
• 3.C Substantially increase health financing and the
recruitment, development, training and retention of
the health workforce in developing countries,
especially in least developed countries and small
island developing States (papasok ang healthcare
workers, etc., continuous training).
• 3. D Strengthen the capacity of all countries, in
particular developing countries for safety warning,
risk reduction and management of national and
global health risks. (budget problem, warning system)

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