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MATHEMATICAL METHODS
TRIAL EXAM 2
2000
SOLUTIONS
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Question 1
a. Given f (0) = 1, we have ae 0 − 1 = 1 So, a = 2 since e 0 = 1 (1 mark)
b. Do a quick sketch of the function f on your graphics calculator.
From this we see that r f = ( −1, ∞ ) (1 mark)
c. The x intercept occurs when y = 0 .
We have, 2e x − 1 = 0 (1 mark)
1 1 1
ex = , so x = log e and so b = (1 mark)
2 2 2
d. (1 mark) for graph of f −1 ( x) , (1 mark) for x intercept of 1, (1 mark) for y intercept of
1
log e or − 0.693
2

f −1 ( x )
1
log e or − 0.693
2

1
log e or − 0.693
2

Figure A

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 THE HEFFERNAN GROUP 2000 Maths Methods Trial Exam 2 Solutions
 2

e. Consider f ( x) = 2e x − 1
Let y = 2e x − 1
Swap x and y: x = 2e y − 1
x +1
So, = ey
2
 x + 1
y = log e  
 2 
 x + 1
So, f −1 ( x) = log e   (1 mark) d f −1 = (−1, ∞) (1 mark)
 2 

f. i. and ii. See Figure A (2 marks)

1 − log e 2 log e 2
g. i. The x intercept of f(x) is log e
2
1
Now, log e = log e (2 −1 )
2
= − log e 2
So the x intercept of t(x) is given by log e 2 . So m = 2 (1 mark)

ii. We are looking for the shaded area. Since f(x) and t(x) are symmetrical about the y axis, we
0

∫ (2e − 1)dx
x
have, area required = 2 (1 mark) for integrand, (1 mark) for terminals
1
log e
2

[
= 2 2e x − x ]
0

loge
1 (1 mark)
2

 0 − log e 2
1 
1 log e 2
log e
= 2(2e − 0) − (2e 2 − log e )
 2 
1 1
= 2(2 − 2 × + log e )
2 2
1
= 2(1 + log e ) (1 mark)
2
OR = 2(1 − log e 2)
Total 16 marks

Question 2

a. i. Let X = the number of yellow balls occurring in a set.

X is a variable which has a binomial distribution.
So, E ( x ) = np
= 3× 0.14
= 0.42 (1 mark)

ii. Pr( X = 1)= 3C1 (0.14)1 (0.86) 2 (1 mark)

= 0.3106 (correct to 4 decimal places) (1 mark)

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THE HEFFERNAN GROUP 2000 Maths Methods Trial Exam 2 solutions
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iii. To win a point they need to draw out 3 balls, of which none are yellow.
So, Pr( X = 0) = 3 C 0 (0.14) 0 (0.86) 3 (1 mark)
= 0.6361 (correct to 4 decimal places) (1 mark)

iv. The probability of earning 5 points means that no yellow balls appear in 5 successive sets.
Using part iii., we have 0.63615 = 0.1041 (to 4 places) (1 mark)

b. The probability of winning a point is the probability of there being no yellow balls in a draw.
That is, 3 C 0 = ( p ) 0 (1 − p ) 3 = 0.719 where p is the probability of drawing a
yellow ball from the container. (1 mark)
So, 1 × 1(1 − p ) = 0.719
3

So, (1 − p) 3 = 0.719 (1 mark)

Use trial and error.
If Mario's father removed 1 yellow ball, then the probability of a yellow ball being drawn would
6 6
be . So, (1 − p ) 3 = (1 − ) 3
49 49
= 0.676 to 3 places
≠ 0.719
If Mario's father removed 2 yellow balls then the probability of a yellow ball being drawn would
5 5
be . So, (1 − p ) 3 = (1 − ) 3
48 48
= 0.719 to 3 places
So, Mario's father took out 2 yellow balls. (1 mark)

c. i. Since the balls are no longer being replaced, the number of yellow balls in a set now has a
D 7
hypergeometric distribution. So, E ( x ) = n = 3× = 0.42 (1 mark)
N 50

ii. To earn a point we require that there is no yellow balls in a set, that is, Pr( X = 0) .
D
C x N − D C n− x
Now, Pr( X = x) = N
where D = 7, x = 0, N = 50 and n = 3 (1 mark)
Cn
7
C 0 43C 3
So, Pr( X = 0) = 50
= 0.6296 (1 mark)
C3

iii. With these rules, the probability of scoring a point is 0.6296. With the other rules, the
probability of scoring a point is 0.6361 from part a. iii.. In other words, it is harder to score a
point under the new rules. (1 mark)

iv. Pr( X ≥ 2) = Pr( X = 2) + Pr( X = 3) (1 mark)

C 2 43C1 7 C 3 43C 0
7
= 50
+ 50
C3 C3
= 0.046071 + 0.0017857
= 0.0479 to 4 places (1 mark)
Total 15 marks

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THE HEFFERNAN GROUP 2000 Maths Methods Trial Exam 2 solutions
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Question 3
a. a =60 (a is the amplitude) and b=60 (2 marks)
πx
b. y B = −60 sin + 60 (1 mark)
20
2π 2π
c. period = = Alternatively, just read the period off the graph.
n π
20
= 40 (1 mark)
πx
d. Between the two fence posts there are 8 complete cycles of the graph of y A = 60 sin + 60
20
(1 mark)
Since the period of this function is 40, then the distance between the two fence posts is
8 × 40 cm = 320 cm or 3.2metres. (1 mark)
e. We want to find the first two points of intersection of the graphs with equations
πx
y A = 60 sin + 60 and y = 90 for x ≥ 0
20
So we need to solve the equation:
πx
60 sin + 60 = 90 (1 mark)
20
πx
So, 60 sin = 30
20
πx 1
sin =
20 2
π x π 5π
= , ... (1 mark)
20 6 6
20 100
x= , ...
6 6
1 2
x = 3 , 16 ...
3 3
1
The first point of intersection is 3 cm from the left-hand post and the second point of
3
2
intersection is 16 cm from the left-hand post. Look at Figure 2 to see if this seems reasonable.
3
It does. (1 mark)
f. i. From Figure 2, we see that the "peak" of the curved wire closest to the left-hand fence post is
located at the point (10, 120). The stick is 10 cm long and its ends must intersect with the wire at x
= 5 and x = 15. (1 mark)
π ×5
Now, at x = 5, y A = 60 sin + 60
20
= 102.4264 (1 mark)
So the stick is wedged a vertical distance of 17.57 cm below the top of the fence. (1 mark)
π × 15
Check your answer by substituting x = 15 into y A = 60 sin + 60 = 102.4264
20
ii. The shape of the graph with equation A between x = 0 and x = 20 is identical to the shape of the
graph with equation B between x = 20 and x = 40. We know from Figure 2 that the horizontal
distance between the peaks of these two graphs is 20 cm, as is the horizontal distance between all
the corresponding points on the two graphs. The length of the little boy's stick is therefore 20 cm.
(1 mark) Total 13 marks

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THE HEFFERNAN GROUP 2000 Maths Methods Trial Exam 2 solutions
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Question 4
50 + 1
a. i. At point A, x = 50, from the graph and therefore, y = log e (50 + 1)
50
= 4.01 to 2 decimal places
(1 mark)

ii. The highest point in the park above the levelled flat rubbish tip is therefore 4.01 m (1 mark)

x +1
b. Substitute x = 0 into y = log e ( x + 1)
50
0 +1
We have y= log e (0 + 1)
50
1
= log e 1
50
= 0 since log e 1 = 0
x +1
So the graph with equation y = log e ( x + 1) passes through the origin. (1 mark)
50

x +1
c. Now, y= log e ( x + 1)
50
dy x + 1 1 1
So, = . + log e ( x + 1)
dx 50 x + 1 50
1 1
= + log e ( x + 1)
50 50
1
= (1 + log e ( x + 1)) (1 mark)
50
dy 1
At x = 25, = (1 + log e 26)
dx 50
= 0.085 to 3 decimal places (1 mark)

1
d. Graph the gradient function y = (1 + log e ( x + 1)) . By looking at the graph and using the
50
"TRACE" function or by looking at the table of values of the function, we see that the maximum
value is 0.0986 (to 4 places) over the domain x ∈ [0, 50] and therefore the gradient of the path
never exceeds 0.1 (2 marks)

( x + 1) 2
e. i. Now, y = log e ( x + 1)
100
dy 2( x + 1)1 × 1 ( x + 1) 2 1
So, = log e ( x + 1) + . (1 mark)
dx 100 100 x + 1
x +1 x +1
= log e ( x + 1) + (1 mark)
50 100

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THE HEFFERNAN GROUP 2000 Maths Methods Trial Exam 2 solutions
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ii. From part e. i. we know that

 ( x + 1) 2 
d log e ( x + 1)
 100  = x + 1 log ( x + 1) + x + 1
e
dx 50 100

 ( x + 1) 2 
d log e ( x + 1)
 100 dx = x + 1 log ( x + 1)dx + x + 1 dx
So, ∫ dx ∫ 50 e ∫ 100 (1 mark)

( x + 1) 2 x +1 x2 x
So, log e ( x + 1) = ∫ log e ( x + 1)dx + + + c, c is constant
100 50 200 100
(1 mark)

x +1 ( x + 1) 2 x2 x
Rearranging, ∫ 50 elog ( x + 1) dx =
100
log e ( x + 1) − −
200 100
− c (1 mark)

iii. Area under graph is given by

50
50
x +1  ( x + 1) 2 x2 x 
∫0 50 e log ( x + 1) dx = 
 100
log e ( x + 1) − − 
200 100  0
(1 mark) for terminals
(1 mark) for integrand
 512 2500 1 1 
= ( log e 51 − − )−( log e 1 − 0 − 0)
 100 200 2 100 
= 89.2668 to 4 decimal places (1 mark)

Since the path is 2 metres wide and does not slope from side to side, then the volume of clean fill
under the path is 89.2668 × 2 metre 3 = 178.53 metre 3 correct to 2 decimal places.
(1 mark)
Total 16 marks

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THE HEFFERNAN GROUP 2000 Maths Methods Trial Exam 2 solutions