PLC

HAJER GHINNEWAH & ELIAS ELMAGHBOB

 PLC
POWERLINE COMMUNICATION

26 November 2023
10.00 - 21.00 WIB
plc
INTRODUCTION

A BIT OF HISTORY
presentation APPLICATIONS
Agenda
ISSUES

EXAMPLE
INTRODUCTION

OUR WORLD IS NOW COMPLETELY

BASED ON
COMMUNICATION
INTRODUCTION

OUR WORLD IS NOW COMPLETELY

BASED ON
COMMUNICATION
HUGE DEMAND FOR VARIOUS TYPES OF
COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS, INCLUDING

security efficiency data speed

integrity
INTRODUCTION

And nothing is more convenient

than a communication line that
it’s already built. Therefore,

Power
Line
Positioning Of PLC
Network In IoT
System
Advantages
Vs. Wi-Fi
Higher security – There is little risk of data eavesdropping and
falsification.
Stability – The change of transmission characteristics due to the
surrounding environment is small, so a constant performance is
maintained.
Complementary to Wireless – Data transmission using existing cables
installed there is possible even in areas where radio waves are hard to
reach (e.g., underground, elevator, steel ship, etc.).
Advantages
Ethernet
Lower installation cost – Installing new cables and HUBs for
relaying is not needed.
Disadvantages vs
Wifi
Lower speed – Maximum speed in the standard is lower than
Wi-Fi (9.6 Gbps).
Mobility – The place of the communication equipment is fixed
Disadvantages vs
Ethernet
Lower speed – Maximum speed in the standard is lower than
Ethernet (10 Gbps).
Unstable environment – The influence of noise from connected
devices exists in the case of using power lines.
A Bit of History
A Bit of History

protection
first application involving data transmissions
over power lines were primarily done only to
protect sections of the power
 1922
A Bit of History

automatic measurement

the first systems using carrier frequencies in

the range of 15 to 500 kHz began operating
over high-tension power lines for the purpose
of telemetry, which is the automatic
measurement and transmission of data from
remote sources. This practice continues to the
present day.
 1940
A Bit of History

Consumer products

such as baby alarms have

been available at least since
The analogue intercom
system used by the
Guardian Ear broadcast over
the power line at 300 kHz.
 1940
A Bit of History

transmission req.

The currently employed ripple

control systems have the
disadvantage of requiring
several megawatts for
information transmission. A
second important motivation
has been to facilitate meter
reading from a distance
 plc
Applications
How it works
How it works
When transmitting and receiving data between two
devices, the data is modulated on the transmitter, and
the modulated signal is superimposed on the AC or DC
power supply voltage.

In the receiver, the data is extracted by separating the

power supply voltage and the modulated signal with a
filter and demodulating the modulated signal.
How it works
 Types Of PLC
Technologies
 applications

01. home automation

and Internet Access

02. Narrowband PLC

- Radio Broadcasting.

03. Automotive
home
automation
and Internet
Access
Home Automation: PLC technology can be used to remotely control lighting, appliances, and
sensors for alarm systems in a home without the need for additional wiring.
Home Networking and Internet Access: The existing power lines in a home can be used to create a
network for connecting computers and other devices, providing high-speed internet access without
the need for expensive rewiring.
Narrowband PLC
- Radio
Broadcasting.
Broadband over Power Lines (BPL): BPL uses PLC technology to provide high-speed internet
access through ordinary power lines, allowing any device with a BPL modem to connect to the
internet by simply plugging into an outlet.
Standards for Power Line Communication: While there is no universal standard for power line
communication, the HomePlug Powerline Alliance has defined a set of standards that are widely
used.
Automotive
Automotive: Power-line technology can be used in vehicles to enable network
communication of data, voice, music, and video signals over the vehicle’s
battery power-line.
Automotive Power-line technology enables in-vehicle network communication
of data, voice, music, and video signals by digital means over the Direct
Current (DC) battery power-line. This means that the same power line that
supplies power to the car can be used to send information within the in-vehicle
network. This technology is useful in applications such as mechatronics,
telematics, and multimedia.
 Issues and Solution
in PLC
The Powerline Channel as
01. Transmission Medium

Layers, Access Methods and

02. Protocols.
The Powerline Channel
as Transmission Medium
 Noise
Issues in PLC

in power lines is a significant problem for data

transmission. This is because it rarely has
properties similar to the easily analyzed white
Gaussian noise of the receiver with which we are
much familiar with.
Type of Noises:
White noise.
Colored noise.
Impulse noise that is synchronous with the
generator's .
Impulse noise asynchronous with the main's
frequency.
Issues in PLC

Design

the power line carrier was

not specifically designed for data
transmission and provides a harsh
environment for it.
Varying impedance, considerable noise that
is not white in nature and high levels of
frequency dependent.
Issues in PLC

High Dependence of Location

The location of the transmitter or the receiver

could also have a serious effect on
transmission error rates. For example, a
receiver close to a noise source would have a
poor signal to noise ratio (SNR) compared to
one further away from the noise source.
Issues in PLC
Layers, Access Methods
and Protocols. (Solution)
 The Physical Layer
Issues in PLC

The Physical Layer defines the

modulation techniques to
transmit data over the power
lines.
Communicating at the PLC
Physical Layer demands robust
modulation techniques like
Frequency Shift Keying (FSK)and
Code Division Multiple Access
(CDMA).
 The Medium Access
Issues in PLC

Control (MAC) Layer.

The MAC protocol specifies as
resource sharing
MAC Layer
strategy.

There are generally two

Categories of Access Schemes:
Fixed Access.
Dynamic Access.
Issues in PLC

Fixed Access
It assigns each user a
predetermined or fixed channel capacity
irrespective of
whether the user needs to transmit data at that
time.
Such schemes are not suitable for traffic in
bursts, such
as data transmission that is provided by PLC.
Issues in PLC

Dynamic Access
These protocols may be
classified into two separate categories:
Contention based protocols where collisions
occur.
Arbitration protocols which are collision free.
Issues in PLC

Dynamic Access

Polling : asks the secondary station if it has any

data to send.
Aloha : a user accesses a channel as soon as it has
data to send.
Token passing schemes : are efficient under
heavy symmetric loads. However, they can be
expensive to implement and can cause serious
problems with lost tokens on noisy unreliable
channels.
Carrier Sense Multiple Access (CSMA).
How it's applied
 Full access
for all devices
 TP-Link AV2000
Powerline Adapter
widely PLC network
THANKS
A LOT