Coordinate Systems: Continue
Coordinate Systems: Continue
Lecture 03
Coordinate systems
Continue…
PH 101: PHYSICS 1 Lecture 03 [2]
x
PH 101: PHYSICS 1 Lecture 03 [4]
𝒓
Surface 𝒛 = Constant. Plane Perpendicular Z-axis
y
𝜽
x
The three orthogonal components, r (green), (red), and z (blue), each increasing at
a constant rate. The point is at the intersection between the three colored surfaces.
PH 101: PHYSICS 1 Lecture 03 [5]
𝒓ො
x = 𝒛ො ; 𝜽
𝒓ො × 𝜽 × 𝒛ො = 𝒓ො ; 𝒛ො × 𝒓ො = 𝜽
𝒛ො
𝜽
PH 101: PHYSICS 1 Lecture 03 [7]
Newton’s law 𝐹Ԧ = 𝐹𝑟 𝑟Ƹ + 𝐹𝜃 𝜃መ + 𝑭𝒛 𝒛ො
= 𝑚 𝑟ሷ − 𝑟𝜃ሶ 2 𝑟Ƹ + 2𝑟ሶ 𝜃ሶ + 𝑟𝜃ሷ 𝜃መ + 𝒛ො
ሷ𝒛
PH 101: PHYSICS 1 Lecture 03 [8]
𝜑 y
Be careful, notations are different.
𝒓 and 𝜽 are not planer coordinate.
x
PH 101: PHYSICS 1 Lecture 03 [10]
(𝒓, 𝜽, 𝝋)
𝜽
𝒓 Surface 𝝋 = Constant. Plane containing Z-
𝒀
axis
𝑿
PH 101: PHYSICS 1 Lecture 03 [11]
(𝒓, 𝜽, 𝝋)
𝜽 (𝒙, 𝒚, 𝒛)
𝒓
𝝋 𝒀
𝑿
PH 101: PHYSICS 1 Lecture 03 [12]
Hence
𝟏ൗ
𝒓 𝒓= 𝒙𝟐 + 𝒚𝟐 + 𝒛𝟐 𝟐
𝟏ൗ
𝜽 𝒙𝟐 + 𝒚𝟐 𝟐
𝜽= 𝐭𝐚𝐧−𝟏
𝒛
𝒚
y 𝝋 = 𝐭𝐚𝐧−𝟏
𝜑 𝒙
𝝏𝜽 𝜕𝜃መ 𝜕
=𝟎 = 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜃 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜑 𝑥ො + 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜃 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜑 𝑦ො − 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜃 𝑧Ƹ
𝝏𝒓 𝜕𝜃 𝜕𝜃
𝜕𝜃መ
= − 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜃 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜑 𝑥ො − 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜃 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜑 𝑦ො − 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜃 𝑧Ƹ = −𝑟Ƹ
𝜕𝜃
PH 101: PHYSICS 1 Lecture 03 [15]
−𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜑 𝑥ො + 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜑 𝑦ො = 𝜑ො
𝑣Ԧ = 𝑟ሶ 𝑟Ƹ + 𝑟 𝜃ሶ 𝜃መ + sin 𝜃𝜑ሶ 𝜑ො
ሶ 𝒓 + 𝒓𝜽ሶ 𝜽
𝒗 = 𝒓ො + 𝒓 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝜽𝝋ሶ 𝝋
ෝ
You need to try this out?
Can you obtain Acceleration??
𝑎Ԧ
= 𝑟ሷ − 𝑟𝜃ሶ 2 − 𝑟𝜑ሶ 2 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝜃 𝑟Ƹ + (𝑟𝜃ሷ + 2𝑟ሶ 𝜃ሶ
− 𝑟𝜑ሶ 2 sin 𝜃 cos 𝜃)𝜃መ + 𝑟𝜑ሷ sin 𝜃 + 2𝑟𝜃ሶ 𝜑ሶ cos 𝜃 + 2𝑟ሶ 𝜑ሶ sin 𝜃 𝜑ො
PH 101: PHYSICS 1 Lecture 03 [19]
ሶ
𝑎 φ = 𝑟𝜑ሷ sin 𝜃 + 2𝑟𝜃𝑐𝑜𝑠θ 𝜑ሶ + 2𝑟𝑠𝑖𝑛θ
ሶ 𝜑ሶ