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Delayed Coker Unit

The delayed coking process converts heavy crude oil fractions into valuable products through thermal conversion. It involves heating the feedstock to high temperatures in a coker heater to initiate coking reactions before flowing it into a coker drum where residence time and conditions allow coke to form. The process also includes a main fractionator, wet gas compressor, absorbers to recover products, and a blowdown system to handle vapors during operations.

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achraf ahassan
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108 views1 page

Delayed Coker Unit

The delayed coking process converts heavy crude oil fractions into valuable products through thermal conversion. It involves heating the feedstock to high temperatures in a coker heater to initiate coking reactions before flowing it into a coker drum where residence time and conditions allow coke to form. The process also includes a main fractionator, wet gas compressor, absorbers to recover products, and a blowdown system to handle vapors during operations.

Uploaded by

achraf ahassan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as TXT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Delayed coking process is a highly endothermic thermal conversion that transforms

the heaviest crude oil fractions into high valuable products. The process derives
its name from the fact that unit conditions are controlled so that coke formation
does not occur in the furnace, but rather in downstream vessels (coker drums)
specifically designed to provide the time for these reactions to go to completion
and the resulting coke to accumulate.

1.Coker Fired Heater: he putrpose is to heat the feed to the temperature necessary
to initiate the coking reactions as rapidly as possible – 500°C with multiple cells
& 2 pass per cell using refinery fuel gas and steam air decoking and pigging
connection with air preheat system. The feed flow rate to each pass is individually
controlled and high pressure steam is injected into each of the furnace coils to
help maintain the desired velocity / residence time to suppress the formation of
coke in the tubes.

2.Coker Chambers (drums) with ID = 9 m & H = 29 m, operates at lower pressure and


high T / 2.5 barg – 450°C at outlet, the fired heater effluent flows into the
bottom of an initially empty Coker Drum, while its paired drum is offline for coke
removal & preparation for return to coking service. Inside the online Coker Drum, a
combination of residence time, T and pressure converts the feed to cracked
hydrocarbon vapors and coke. Cyclic service with next steps: Coke Drum Steamout
Step, Coke Drum Quench Step, Coke Drum Drain and Cutting Steps and Coke Drum
Backwarming Step

3.Main Fractionator with 26 real trays and 1.8 barg / 120°C on top vs 2.5 barg /
300°C in bottom, separate the coker drum mixture in gas, coker naphtha, light coker
gasoil, heavy coker gasoil. The column has 2 side strippers LVGO & HVGO using MP
steam to remove the lights and pumparrounds for heat integration and to reduce ID
of main column

4.Wet Gas Compressor 2 stage centrifugal type with suction p 1.2 barg / 55°C, first
stage discharge p = 4.5 barg / 110°C and second stage 14.0 barg / 125°C fit with
electrical motor and MW variation of +/- 2-3 % embedded in design

5.Absorber / Stripper main function to recover LPG from the off gas going to fuel
gas with 38 real stages / 40% efficiency for Absorber and Stripper with 40 reals
trays & 50 % efficiency. Absorber top 13.0 barg / 65°C and Stripper top 13.7 barg /
62°C

6.Sponge Oil Absorver with 25 real trays / 40 % efficiency, the vapor contacts a
lean sponge oil stream of LCGO to recover pentane and heavier material - the vapor
leaves the top of the Absorber/Stripper and is routed to the bottom of the Lean
Sponge Oil Absorber. Operating conditions at top 12.6 barg / 65°C & bottom 12.8
barg / 77°C

7.Sour Gas Absorber remove H2S from gas and use 20 real trays 11.6 barg / 45°C on
top vs 11.2 barg / 62°C in bottom with MDEA as solvent 0.01 lean load / 0.4 max
rich load

8.Blow down system closed type with main goal to condense / collect steam &
hydrocarbon vapors generated during the steam stripping step, the water quenching
step and the backwarming step of the coke drum decoking cycle. Also condense and
collect the steam and heavy hydrocarbon vapors generated during coker startup and
shutdown as well as during coke drum overpressure different upsets: quench column,
ovhd condenser, settle vessel, blowdown water pumps, heavy slop oil pumps and
sludge package. Quench column 0.3 barg / 175°C on top and in bottom 0.4 barg /
185°C.

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