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MMW (Lect #2) Trans

1) Relations and functions relate sets of inputs (domain) to outputs (range). A function is a special type of relation where each input is mapped to exactly one output. 2) Functions can be represented using tables of inputs and outputs or graphical mappings. Common types of functions include linear, quadratic, cubic, and absolute value functions. 3) Functions are classified as even, odd, or neither based on whether substituting -x results in the original function or its opposite. Even functions are unchanged by this substitution while odd functions change sign.

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21 views3 pages

MMW (Lect #2) Trans

1) Relations and functions relate sets of inputs (domain) to outputs (range). A function is a special type of relation where each input is mapped to exactly one output. 2) Functions can be represented using tables of inputs and outputs or graphical mappings. Common types of functions include linear, quadratic, cubic, and absolute value functions. 3) Functions are classified as even, odd, or neither based on whether substituting -x results in the original function or its opposite. Even functions are unchanged by this substitution while odd functions change sign.

Uploaded by

Christine Mhae David
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Mathematics in the Modern World

Lecture #2

RELATIONS AND FUNCTIONS TABLE OF VALUES


Relation
- every function is a relationship of x and y values, we
- a rule that relates values from a set of values can create a table of values for any line

(called domain) to the second set of values - these are just the x and y values that are true for the
(called the range) given line

- set of ordered pairs/ coordinates (x,y) - in other words, a table of values is simply some of the
points that are on the line
TYPES OF RELATION
Table A

x 1 2 3 4
y 2 2 5 5

Table B

x 1 1 2 2 3
y 3 4 5 6 7

Table C

x 1 2 3 … n …
y 3 6 9 … 3n …

MAPPING DIAGRAM

- shows how elements are being pared

FUNCTIONS

- something that connects or relates one set to another

- a relation where each element in the domain is


related to only one value in the range by some rule

x Functions y
f (x) = {(1,2), (2,3), (3,5), (4,7)} > functions
- a special kind of relation between x-values (domain) g (x) = {(1,3), (1,4), (2,5), (2,6)} > not functions
and y-values (range) wherein domain can only have
exactly one or unique range h (x) = {(1,3), (2,6), (3,9), (4,7)} > functions

FUNCTION NOTATION

- if the values of f(x) = 1 then the value of y is 1


VERTICAL LINE TEST 3) Cubic Function
o f (x) = x3 + x2 + 6x + 3
o f (x) = -x3 + 5
o f (x) = x3 – x

- a graph represents a function if and only if each


vertical line intersects the graph at most once

TYPES OF FUNCTI ON

1) Linear Function – a function is linear if f (x) = mx + b, 4) Quartic Function – general form of quartic is f (x) = a
where m and b are real numbers, and m and f(x) are (x – h)4 + k, the turning point is at (h, k).
not both equal to zero
o f (x) = 6x + 3
o f (x) = -x +5
o f (x) = x – 2

5) Absolute Value Function – contains an algebraic


expression within absolute value symbols.

6) Piecewise Function – also known as compound


function; is defined by multiple subfunctions where
each subfunction applies to a certain interval of the
Constant Function Identity Function main function’s domain.
2x – 2, if x ≤ 1
A linear function is A linear function is an
o f (x) =
constant function if f (x) = identity function if f (x) =
mx + b, where m = 0 and b mx + b, where m = 1 and b x2 -2x + 1, if x ˃ 1
are real numbers. = 0 are real numbers.
-
7) Evaluation of Function – 2x to+ evaluate
1 a function,
Thus, f (x) = b Thus, f (x) = x
substitute the input (given number or expression) for
the function’s variable. Replace the x with the
Example: number or expression.

f (x) = 3 (constant) ▪ Replacing the variable in the function:


f (x) = -x (identity) o f (x) = 3x + 1

f (x) = x – 2 (linear)
Name of the function is f. X is the variable in the function.

2) Quadratic Function – is any equation of the form f (x) STEPS:


= ax2 + bx + c, where a, b and c are real numbers and 1. Substitute the value if x into the function in
a ≠ 0. place of x. (replace)
o f (x) = x2 + 6x + 3 2. Perform the indicated operations. (simplify)
o f (x) = -x2 + 5
o f (x) = x2 – 4
f (x) = x – 3 ; x=4
f (x) = x – 3
f (4) = 4 – 4
f (4) = 1 Hence, f (x) = y
y=1
h (x) = x2 – 3x + 5 ; x=2 o f (-x) = (-x)3 + 2 (-x)2 - 1 Perform
o f (-x) = -x3 + 2x2 - 1 Neither

By comparing the original function with the final


result after we substitute -x, the result did not
satisfy both case 1 & 2, which means that f (x) is
neither even nor odd.
p (x) = x2 + 1 ; x=5
x–4
Identify if the function is even, odd, or neither.

a) f (x) = x5 + x3 – 2x
b) g (x) = 3x4 – 2x2 – 2
c) h (x) = 6x3 – 5x2 + 4x
j (x)= I x – 25 I ; x = 10

EVEN AND ODD FUNCTION

Even Function – f is an even function if and only if f (-x), for


all x in the domain of f.

- The right-hand side of the equation of an even


function does not change even if x is replaced with -
x.

o f (x) = x2 + 4 Substitute by -x
o f (-x) = (-x)2 + 4 Perform
o f (-x) = x2 + 4

By comparing the original function with the final


result after we substitute -x, the equation is still
the same, which means that f (x) is even.

Odd Function – f is an odd function if and only if f (-x) = -f


(x), for all x in the domain of f.

- Every term in the right-hand side of the equation of


an odd function changes sign if x is replaced by -x.

o f (x) = x3 + 5x Substitute by -x
o f (-x) = (-x)3 + 5 (-x) Perform
o f (-x) = x3 – 5x

By comparing the original function with the final


result after we substitute -x, all the signs switched/
changed, which means that f (x) is odd.

Neither Even nor Odd Function – if we substitute -x into f


(x), and we do not obtain either case 1 or case 2.

- it does not fall under the classification of being an


even or odd.

o f (x) = x3 + 2x2 - 1 Substitute by -x

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