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    General Characteristics of Arthropoda

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    Sadiq Makandar
    1) Arthropod bodies are segmented, with segments sometimes organized into functional tagmata. Tagmosis is the organization of segments into regions like the head, thorax, and abdomen seen in insects. 2) The anterior tagma is responsible for sensory reception and feeding. Appendages can be uniramous (single-branched) or biramous (double-branched). 3) The arthropod exoskeleton is composed of chitin and is hardened by sclerotization or mineralization. It is divided into separate sclerites and plates to allow for movement.

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    General Characteristics of Arthropoda

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    Sadiq Makandar
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    1) Arthropod bodies are segmented, with segments sometimes organized into functional tagmata. Tagmosis is the organization of segments into regions like the head, thorax, and abdomen seen in insects. 2) The anterior tagma is responsible for sensory reception and feeding. Appendages can be uniramous (single-branched) or biramous (double-branched). 3) The arthropod exoskeleton is composed of chitin and is hardened by sclerotization or mineralization. It is divided into separate sclerites and plates to allow for movement.

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    1) Arthropod bodies are segmented, with segments sometimes organized into functional tagmata. Tagmosis is the organization of segments into regions like the head, thorax, and abdomen seen in insects. 2) The anterior tagma is responsible for sensory reception and feeding. Appendages can be uniramous (single-branched) or biramous (double-branched). 3) The arthropod exoskeleton is composed of chitin and is hardened by sclerotization or mineralization. It is divided into separate sclerites and plates to allow for movement.

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    42 views1 page

    General Characteristics of Arthropoda

    Uploaded by

    Sadiq Makandar
    1) Arthropod bodies are segmented, with segments sometimes organized into functional tagmata. Tagmosis is the organization of segments into regions like the head, thorax, and abdomen seen in insects. 2) The anterior tagma is responsible for sensory reception and feeding. Appendages can be uniramous (single-branched) or biramous (double-branched). 3) The arthropod exoskeleton is composed of chitin and is hardened by sclerotization or mineralization. It is divided into separate sclerites and plates to allow for movement.

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    GENERAL CHARACTERISTIC FEATURES OF ARTHRPODA

    Q.What is tagma?/ Q.State two characteristic features on arhtopodan body segmentation./ Q.What do you mean by
    tagmosis?
    There is a tendency in some arthropods to reduce or eliminate the outward sign of segmentation.This is pronounced in
    some arachnid a taxa and reaches its zenith in the mites, which may show no external indications of segmentation.The
    anterior and posterior ends of the arthropod body, the acron and telson, respectively are not serially homologous to
    the segments that lie between them.
    Tagmosis-Is the tendency to organize segments into regions having similar structure, function and appendages.Each
    group of similar segments is a tagma. All hexapods (insects) have a body divided into head, thorax and abdomen,
    whereas chelicerates have a cephalothorax and abdomen, and crustaceans have various arrangements of head, thorax
    and abdomen.
    Q.Mention significance of tagma for sensory reception.
    The development of an anterior tagma (head, cephalon or cephalothorax) responsible for sensory reception, neural
    integration and feeding, is a strong tendency in arthropod evolution.The head of the ancestral arthropods consisted of
    the acron and several limb-bearing segments.
    Q.Define uniramous and biramous appendages./ Q.Distinguish between uniramous and biramous appendags.
    Segmental appendages-(A major aspect of arthropod evolution is the functional specialization of their appendages).
    The appendages of many arthropods (such as hexapods, myriapods, and arachnids) have a single branch, or ramus, and
    are said to be uniramous. Those of many others (such as crustaceans and trilobites) have two major branches and are
    said to be biramous. The ancestral arthropod probably had biramous, or perhaps mulüramous, appendages. A
    biramous appendage typically begins with a proximal protopod, which often is divided into two articles, a coxa and a
    basis (Fig. 19-3B). Forking from the basis are the two rami consisting of a lateral exopod and a medial endopod.
    Q.How body wall in arthropods differs from annelids?
    Body wall in arthropods composed of alpha-chitin and protein. Collagen, abundant in cuticle of annelids, is absent in
    arthropods. The cutaneous sheets of unspecialized circular and longitudinal muscles characteristic of annelids have
    been replaced by specialized muscles that connect adjacent regions of the exoskeleton or extend into appendages.
    Q.Define sclerotization.
    Hardening of exoskeleton can be accomplished by sclerotization (sclera= hard) or mineralization. Sclerotization is
    accomplished by a chemical reaction known as tanning, which hardens, strengthens and darkens the cuticle by forming
    covalent cross-links between protein molecules. Cuticle can also be hardened by the incorporation of calcium salts, a
    process known as mineralization.
    Q.Mention the pattern of modification in cuticle for movement in arthropoda.
    Movement is made possible by dividing the hardened cuticle into separate plates known as sclerites. Adjoining sclerites
    and articles are connected by sections of soft, flexible cuticle known as articular membranes. This membrane connects
    the sclerites to form a complete ring around the segment. The four sclerites of each ring are a dorsal tergite ,two
    lateral pleurites, and a ventral sternite.
    [apodeme-invagination of the exoskeleton forms an inner projection..known as apodeme.]
    Q.How epicuticle differs from procuticle?
    Key: Epicuticle (thin, complex, water resistant/ water proof layer of protein, lipoprotein, lipid and sometimes wax, but
    no chitin); Procuticle (composed of protein and chitin bound together to form a complex glycoprotein).
    Q.What is the importance of molting in arthropod?
    Molting- (investigated in more details in decapods crustaceans than any other arthropods)
    In crustaceans molt cycle has 4 major stages (Intermolt, proecdysis, ecdysis and postecdysis).Molting is a dangerous
    time for several reasons and a large percentage of arthropods are unsuccessful in extracting themselves from the

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