ELECTRONIC MEASUREMENT &

INSTRUMENTATION
(BEC-29)

Instructor
Dr. B. P. Pandey
Assistant Professor
Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering
Madan Mohan Malaviya University of Technology , Gorakhpur
August, 2020
 UNIT- 2
Lecture-2
Transducers
 CONTENTS
Lecture 1:
• Introduction
• Selection Parameters of Transducer
Lecture 2:
• Resistive Transducer
Lecture 3:
• Strain Gauges
Lecture 4 & 5:
• Inductive Transducer
• Differential Output Transducers
• LVDT
Lecture 6:
• Capacitive Transducer
Lecture 7:
• Photo-electric Transducer
• Photo cells
Lecture 8:
• Photo-Voltaic Cell
• Photo Transistors
Lecture 9:
• Temperature Transducers
• Mechanical Transducer
 Resistive Transducer
• Resistive transducers are those in which there is change in resistance due to
some physical phenomenon. The change in value of resistance with a change
in length of the conductor can be used to measure displacement.
• Strain gauges work on the principle that resistance of the semiconductor or
conductor changes when strained. This can be used for measurement of force,
displacement and pressure.
• Potentiometers: consist of a resistance element provided with a sliding
contact called wiper. The motion of sliding contact can be rotational or
translatory.
Advantages of Potentiometer:
• They are inexpensive.
• Simple to operate.
• They are useful for measurement of large amplitudes of displacement.
• Electrical efficiency is very high.
Disadvantages of Potentiometer:
• A large force is required to move the sliding contacts.
• Wear and tear of sliding contacts.
Contd..
 Resistance Pressure Transducer
• Works on the principle that change in the pressure causes change in the
resistance of sensing element.
• They are two types: Electromechanical resistance and Strain gauge
transducer.
• Electromechanical transducer: change of stress, pressure, position and
displacement is applied to a variable resistor.
• Strain gauge: pressure acts directly on the resistor.
 Resistive Position Transducer
• Works on the principle that the physical variable under measurement causes a
resistance change in the sensing element.

𝑅2
𝑣0 = 𝑣
𝑅1 + 𝑅2 𝑡

𝑣0 𝑅2
=
𝑣𝑡 𝑅1 + 𝑅2
 Assignment Questions
• Explain with diagram the functions of resistive transducers.
• Explain with diagram potentiometer used as a transducer.
• State the advantages and disadvantages of potentiometer.
• Explain with diagram the operation of resistive pressure
transducer.
• Explain with diagram the operation of resistive position
transducer.
 Conceptual Questions
• Potentiometric resistance transducer measures __________
a) linear displacement
b) rectangular displacement
c) square displacement
d) triangular displacement
• Resistance potentiometer consists of _________
a) capacitive element
b) resistive element
c) inductive element
d) no elements
• Resistance transducer has _________
a) medium efficiency
b) low efficiency
c) high efficiency
d) zero efficiency
 Contd..
• Resistance potentiometers convert mechanical displacement
into _________
a) electrical signal
b) chemical signal
c) physical output
d) kinetic energy
• What is a helipot?
a) inductive element
b) helicopter
c) helipad
d) resistive element
THANK YOU