An Assessment of Students Knowledge and Practices on E-Cigarettes or

Vaping

In Partial Fulfillment of the Course Requirement in

Inquires, Investigation, and Immersion

In Humanities and Social Science

Dimaano, Kristoffer T.

Bautista, Nald Brian Y.

Evangelista, Erickson L.

February 2023
 CHAPTER I

PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND

Introduction

An electronic cigarette is a gadget that mimics smoking tobacco. It is made of of an

atomizer, a battery or other form of power source, and a cartridge or other type of container. The

person using it breathes in vapor, not smoke. Hence, using an e-cigarette is frequently referred

to as “vaping”. According to American Cancer Society they state that E-cigs, electronic nicotine

delivery systems (ENDS), alternative nicotine delivery systems (ANDS), e-hookahs, mods, vape

pens, vaporizers, vapes, and tank systems are just a few of the various names for e-cigarettes.

E-cigarettes come in a variety of styles and dimensions.

They may appear as USB flash drives, pens, cigarettes, cigars, pipes, or other items. E

cigarettes have a heating element, a battery that powers the device, a cartridge or tank that

holds the e-liquid, a mouthpiece for inhaling the aerosol, and a heating element that heats the e-

liquid into a fine mist that is sometimes referred to as "vapor." Although many e-cigarettes

contain nicotine, which is derived from tobacco, tobacco is not present in all of them.

The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) categorizes products based on this. Due to the

widespread misconception that e-cigarettes produce a vapor that is then inhaled, using an e

cigarette is frequently referred to as "vaping." Nevertheless, e-cigarettes actually emit an aerosol

made up of microscopic particles, not a vapor. E-cigarettes use heat to transform a liquid called

e-liquid or e-juice into an aerosol (sometimes called a "vapor"). Users of e-cigarettes breathe

this in through their lungs.The majority of e-cigarettes contain nicotine in their e-liquid, the same

highly addictive substance found in conventional cigarettes, cigars, hookahs, and other tobacco

products.
 Unfortunately, not all e-cigarette varieties have the same quantities of nicotine, and

occasionally, product labels fail to disclose the actual nicotine concentration. Some e-cigarette

brands that advertise their products as nicotine-free have actually been confirmed to contain

nicotine.Despite how innocent the word "vapor" may sound, the aerosol that comes from an e

cigarette is not water vapor and can be dangerous. Nicotine and other addictive compounds that

can lead to lung, heart, and cancer are sometimes found in the aerosol from e-cigarettes.

Based from Republic Act No. 11900, July 25, 2022. An act regulating the information,

manufacture, sale, packaging, distribution, use, and communication of vaporized nicotine and

non-nicotine products, and novel tobacco products. It is further declared the policy of the State

to enact a balanced policy whereby these novel consumer products are properly regulated using

internationally accepted product standards in order to protect the citizens from the hazards of

regulated, unregulated and substandard Vapor Products and Heated Tobacco Products. For this

purpose, the government shall regulate the importation, assembly, manufacture, sale,

packaging, distribution, use, advertisement, promotion and sponsorship of Vaporized Nicotine

and Non Nicotine Products, and their devices, and Novel Tobacco Products in order to promote

a healthy environment, protect the citizens from any potential hazards of these novel consumer

products, reduce the harm caused by smoking, and ensure that the sale to minors and the illicit

trade of Vaporized Nicotine and Non-Nicotine Products, and their devices, and Novel Tobacco

Products in the country are prevented. It is further declared the policy of the State to enact a

balanced policy whereby these novel consumer products are properly regulated using

internationally accepted product standards in order to protect the citizens from the hazards of

regulated, unregulated and substandard Vapor Products and Heated Tobacco Products.

It's crucial to remember that the majority of e-cigarettes contain nicotine. Teenagers'

developing brains may be harmed by smoking, according to data. Nicotine usage during

pregnancy can result in preterm deliveries and kids with low birth weights. E-cigarettes and e

cigarette vapor generally also contain polypropylene glycol and/or vegetable glycerin in addition
to nicotine. These are the ingredients that are used to create stage or theatrical fog, and it has

been discovered that they cause more lung and airway irritation following.

According to Government of Western Australia Department of Health, the use of

electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes), or vaping, has been proposed as a safe, or safer, alternative

to the smoking of tobacco products. E-cigarettes contain many chemicals, often with known

harmful effects, and there is growing research that demonstrates vaping has adverse health

impacts.

In November 2022, FDA and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)

released federal data from the 2022 National Youth Tobacco Survey (NYTS) on youth tobacco

use in the Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report: “Tobacco Product Use among Middle and

High School

Students — United States, 2022.” Findings show that in 2022, more than 1 in 10 middle and

high school students (3.08 million) had used a tobacco product during the past 30 days -

including 16.5% of high school and 4.5% of middle school students. The percentage of students

who use vape or e-cigarettes are 11.3% (3.08 million) of middle and high school students

reported current use (past 30 days) of any tobacco product, Approximately 3.7% (1.00 million) of

all students reported currently smoking any combustible tobacco product and 3.5% (960,000)

reported current use of multiple tobacco products. Most Commonly Used Types of Device is E-

cigarettes and a total of 9.4%.

E-cigarettes are also said to be more accessible to kids than other tobacco products,

cheaper than other tobacco products, and permitted in locations where other tobacco products,

like cigarettes, are not. Other students admitted to using e-cigarettes to try to stop using regular

tobacco products or because they saw prominent individuals using them on television or in

movies.
Theoretical Framework

SOCIAL LEARNING THEORY

Social learning theory was proposed by Albert Bandura. In 1961 and 1963, Bandura

conducted a series of experiments to determine whether social behavior could be accrued by

observation and imitation. And in 1977, the theory was developed because of his findings and

experiments. The theory emphasizes the importance of observing, modeling, and imitating the

behaviors, attitudes, and emotional reactions of others. Social learning theory considers how

both environmental and cognitive factors interact to influence human learning and behavior. This

theory also suggests that young people observe and imitate what they see in their surroundings,

this includes what people around them do. Therefore, if role models (parents/peers) smoke,

youths are more likely to smoke as well.

Social learning theory has identified 3 factors that influence the social behavior of

adolescents and children. These factors are behavior, personal and environmental factors. And

since social networking sites are viral and virtual worlds are easily available for any users,

youths tend to be exposed to many factors. And it is from the constant exposure and interaction

in the virtual world as well as through chatting and video sharing that students pick up many of

their characteristic traits. Their behavioral traits, learned as young adults, continue throughout

adulthood. These are potential influences of social learning patterns seen in grownups.

Operant Conditioning

Operant conditioning, also known as instrumental conditioning, based on Thorndike’s

(1898) law of effect, is one of the types of Behavioral Theories which focus on how people learn
to behave in particular ways. This theory is a learning process where behaviors are modified

through the association of stimuli with reinforcement or punishment. In it, operants—behaviors

that affect one's environment—are conditioned to occur or not occur depending on the

environmental consequences of the behavior. It emphasizes that the behavior of an individual is

shaped by its consequences, whether reward or punishment. According to this principle,

behavior that is followed by pleasant consequences is likely to be repeated, and behavior

followed by unpleasant consequences is less likely to be repeated.

In terms of e-cigarettes, when nicotine is inhaled, it causes a rapid release of dopamine,

in turn causing feelings of pleasure that reward and reinforce the behavior. This pleasure and

reinforcement drive the process of addiction. Therefore, this theory supports the idea that

individuals continually smoke because of the addicting factors of nicotine.

SOCIAL LEARNING THEORY

Social learning theory was proposed by Albert Bandura. In 1961 and 1963, Bandura

conducted a series of experiments to determine whether social behavior could be accrued by

observation and imitation. And in 1977, the theory was developed because of his findings and

experiments. The theory emphasizes the importance of observing, modeling, and imitating the

behaviors, attitudes, and emotional reactions of others. Social learning theory considers how

both environmental and cognitive factors interact to influence human learning and behavior. This

theory also suggests that young people observe and imitate what they see in their surroundings,

this includes what people around them do. Therefore, if role models (parents/peers) smoke,

youths are more likely to smoke as well.

Social learning theory has identified 3 factors that influence the social behavior of

adolescents and children. These factors are behavior, personal and environmental factors. And

since social networking sites are viral and virtual worlds are easily available for any users,
youths tend to be exposed to many factors. And it is from the constant exposure and interaction

in the virtual world as well as through chatting and video sharing that students pick up many of

their characteristic traits. Their behavioral traits, learned as young adults, continue throughout

adulthood. These are potential influences of social learning patterns seen in grownups.

Operant Conditioning

Operant conditioning, also known as instrumental conditioning, based on Thorndike’s

(1898) law of effect, is one of the types of Behavioral Theories which focus on how people learn

to behave in particular ways. This theory is a learning process where behaviors are modified

through the association of stimuli with reinforcement or punishment. In it, operants—behaviors

that affect one's environment—are conditioned to occur or not occur depending on the

environmental consequences of the behavior. It emphasizes that the behavior of an individual is

shaped by its consequences, whether reward or punishment. According to this principle,

behavior that is followed by pleasant consequences is likely to be repeated, and behavior

followed by unpleasant consequences is less likely to be repeated.

In terms of e-cigarettes, when nicotine is inhaled, it causes a rapid release of dopamine,

in turn causing feelings of pleasure that reward and reinforce the behavior. This pleasure and

reinforcement drive the process of addiction. Therefore, this theory supports the idea that

individuals continually smoke because of the addicting factors of nicotine.

Statement of the Problem

1. Demographic profile of students in terms of:

1.1. Sex
 1.2. Grade

1.3. Age

2. What are the knowledge of the students on E-cigarette or vaping?

3. What are the practices of the students with regards to E-cigarette or vaping?

4. What are the reasons of the students in using E-cigarette or vaping?

5. Based on the result of the study what infographic material can be produced to prevent

the students from using E-cigarette or vaping?

Hypothesis

Null Hypothesis: The Practices on E-Cigarettes or Vaping doesn’t affect the academic

performance of Bugtongnapulo Integrated National High School Learners.

Alter Hypothesis: The Practices on E-Cigarettes or Vaping affects the academic

performance of Bugtongnapulo Integrated National High School Learners.

Significance of the Study

This study clarifies how vaping affects the studies and health of the students as well as serves

to gauge students’ familiarity with these effects and promote awareness to them. This study is
crucial for educator, parents, and students of Bugtongnapulo Integreted High’s senior students

and also for the students that have or using electric cigarette.

Educators: They will have extra knowledge regarding in how electric cigarette can affect the

performance and health of the students.

Teachers: They will have knowledge regarding in electric cigarette user specially for studenrts,

they will also inform about the effects of electric cigarette in their students and how can affect

the students performance in school and also the affect for their health.

Scope and Delimitations

The focus of this study is to know the Assessment of Students Knowledge and Practices

on E-Cigarettes or Vaping. Likewise, it will analyze the Assessment of Students Knowledge and

Practices on E-Cigarettes or Vaping as well as the factors that affect the said characteristics of

the students.

This study will be conducted at BugtongnapuloIntegrated National High School. The

researchers have thirty (30) respondents Junior High and Senior High students. The

respondents will answer the questionnaires to be given by the researchers.

Definitions of Terms

E-Cigarettes - E-cigarettes are not safe for youth, young adults, pregnant adults, as well as

adults who do not currently use tobacco products.

Vaping - may affect the way cells in the respiratory tract (nose, throat and lungs) react to germs

and may increase the chance of disease and infection from bacterial and virus, like the virus that

causes COVID-19.
Cancer - a disease in which some of the body’s cells grow uncontrollably and spread to other

parts of the body.

Dangerous - able or likely to cause harm or injury.

Nicotine - is a stimulant drug that speeds up the messages travelling between the brain and

body. It is the main psychoactive ingredient in tobacco products and so this Drug Facts page will

focus on the effects of nicotine when consumed by using tobacco.

Tobacco Products - means any product made or derived from tobacco, or containing nicotine

from any source, that is intended for human consumption

Republic Act No. 11900 - An Act Regulating The Importation, Manufacture, Sale, Packaging,

Distribution, Use, And Communication Of Vaporized Nicotine And Non-Nicotine Products, And

Novel Tobacco Products.

Chapter II

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES

1. Studies

Based on the study of Marshall K et al. (2018) “Using the Ecological Model to Understand

Influences on College Student Vaping” College student report multiple levels of influence on

their vaping beyond personal beliefs and peer influences, including parents, explicit campus and

community messaging, community member requests, and respect for others. College student

vapers also describe constant associations with smokers in allowable public places to vape.

Conclusions: Parents, community members, campus policy, and the physical environment all
influence where and when college students vape. Health communication messages to prevent

college student vaping should incorporate alternative messages that are important to college

students, such as respect for others and social image

Gaiha et al. (2022) “Does Virtual versus In-Person E-Cigarette Education Have a

Differential Impact?” Except for certain e-cigarette knowledge-related items, our study shows

that both virtual and in-person education had similar effects on improving knowledge about e-

cigarettes, increasing perceived addictiveness and reducing intent to try e-cigarettes, cigarettes

and marijuana among participants. Virtual education may be applied where in-person education

is not feasible (e.g. in rural communities).

Base on the study of Su-Wei et al. (2019) Measuring Characteristics of E-Cigarette

Consumption among College Students A comprehensive e-cigarette consumption measure

should cover the complex characteristics that are potentially associated with negative health

consequences such as flavorings, co-use and social contexts.

According to the study of Tess Boley et al. (2022) Exposure to E-Cigarette Product

Placement in Music Videos Is Associated with Vaping among Young Adults Discussion and

Conclusion: Restricting e-cigarette product placement or imagery in music videos may minimize

marketing exposure and risk for vaping among young adults, especially among those under the

tobacco purchasing age.

 According to the study of Cowgill Burton O. et al. (2020) Understanding E-Cigarette

Knowledge and Use among d/Deaf and Hard of Hearing Students and the Need for Tailored

Prevention Programming: A Qualitative Study Key informant interviews were conducted with

seven school staff and administrators. Considerable awareness of and curiosity about e-

cigarettes were found, and many misconceptions about vaping. Besides industry marketing, e-

cigarette exposure occurred through interactions with older students, alumni, and hearing

students. Most participants reported no experience with e-cigarette prevention programming, a

finding that highlights the need for tailored programming for d/Dhh students.

Base of the study of Sherri Jean et al. (2022) “Can I Hit That?" Vaping Knowledge,

Attitudes and Practices of College Students As we consider intervention points on college

campuses, an understanding of knowledge, attitude, and practice themes can guide our

approach. Recommendations for college vaping campaigns are discussed.

According to the study of Dobbs, Page D et al. (2022) Where College Students Look for

Vaping Information and What Information They Believe Additional college student e-cigarette

users were interviewed about the credibility of information sources. Thematic analysis was

conducted with the coded interviews. Results: There was a significant relationship between

information sources for e-cigarettes (social sources, media, advertising, education/research)

and the messages they recalled. Friends who vaped and e-cigarette users were the most

credible information sources. Confirmation bias and scientific impotence bias characterized

assessment of e-cigarette information. Conclusions: Health education specialists working on

college campuses should provide accurate information via communication channels most

unitized by college students.

 According to the study of Barker, Joshua O et al. (2019) Topic Clustering of E-Cigarette

Submissions among Reddit Communities: A Network Perspective They created a dictionary to

classify submissions into seven different topics related to e-cigarettes and vaping. Submissions

were also categorized into one of six mutually exclusive communities identified using subreddit

meta-data. Our results indicate that e-cigarette and vaping content on Reddit is primarily about

the buying and selling of e-cigarette products. Other common topics included how to build

vaping devices, e-juice, and e-cigarette advice. Network correlation analyses found that the

distribution of our seven identified topics varied significantly among general e-cigarette, drugs,

and research/news subreddit communities. Findings from this study add to a growing literature

investigating e-cigarettes and vaping on social media and also contribute to network-level

theories by linking communities on Reddit to the diffusion of various depictions of e-cigarettes

and vaping.

Base of the study of Rocket Jordan et al. (2020)Is Vaping Harmful? This study describes

a high school biology unit which uses the issue of e-cigarette regulation to teach homeostasis,

feedback loops, body system hierarchy, and macromolecules. In order to make an informed

decision about the use of e-cigarettes, students need to understand the impacts of vaping on

their body, which makes the science content engaging and meaningful.

Based of the study of Parth Patel et al. (2020)Practical Applications of Organic

Chemistry: Improving Student Knowledge of GC-MS through Qualitative Analysis of Nicotine in

Electronic Cigarette Vapors Given student familiarity with electronic cigarettes (e-cigs), this lab

uses a student-built smoke collection apparatus to collect e-cig vapors to teach students about
gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Students in a second semester, introductory

organic chemistry course spent 1 week collecting e-cig vapors and 1 week qualitatively

analyzing the data collected. In the real-world, the amount of nicotine inhaled by the consumer

from an e-cig is going to depend on many variables including the vaping device used, inhalation

rate, and voltage applied by the e-cig. This experiment allows students to simplify the vaping

process and focus on the collection of nicotine in the e-cig vapor. Students compared the

retention time of nicotine with an injection standard, quinoline, whose structural similarities

provided strong discussions about the role of polarity and boiling points in chromatography. This

injection standard ensured that all students would minimally be able to compare the retention

time of two structurally similar compounds. Each lab group analyzed different e-cig liquids.

Students improved upon their ability to interpret mass spectrometry data by predicting

fragmentation patterns for both nicotine and quinoline. This lab experiment serves as a

connection between lecture and lab material, while promoting student engagement and learning.

The students who performed this experiment increased their knowledge of GC-MS and built

foundational chemistry skills that can be applied to solve other real-world questions.

Based of the study of Arroyo Tendai et al. (2021) Understanding Demographics

Characteristics of E-Cigarette Users in California and the Need Reasons identified for engaging

in e-cigarette consumption were to quit tobacco cigarette smoking, the perception that e-

cigarettes were healthier, to reduce tobacco cigarette smoking, for social enjoyment, and to

satisfy curiosity. Discussion: These findings demonstrate is a difference in e-cigarette

consumption depending on users' demographic characteristics. Translation to Health Education

Practice: Results support the need for tailored interventions that include school-based

interventions, public education, community, provider interventions, advocacy, and policy

restrictions to reduce e-cigarettes consumption. A AJHE Self-Study quiz is online for this article

via the SHAPE America Online Institute (SAOI)

Based of the sudy of Feld Ashley L. et al. (2022) Impact of Local Flavored Tobacco

Sales Restrictions on Policy-Related Attitudes and Tobacco Product Access With some

exceptions, these findings demonstrate that among vape users in policy jurisdictions and priority

subgroups, there is a higher likelihood of reporting perceived difficulty to access flavored

tobacco products. Conclusions: Findings might be an early indication of shifts in social norms

about flavored tobacco products in California, which could gain traction as local sales restriction

ordinances proliferate throughout the state and a statewide flavored-tobacco sales restriction

goes into effect.

Acording to the study of Chu Kar-Hai et al. (2020) Integrating Social Dynamics into

Modeling Cigarette and E-Cigarette Use The baseline and social contagion models found an

overall decline in cigarette use but an increase in e-cigarette and total nicotine use. The

education/policies model had declines in all categories. Sensitivity analysis suggested the

importance of nuanced e-cigarette/cigarette interactions when modeling tobacco use.

Discussion: Public health campaigns that focus on reducing youth e-cigarette usage can have a

large effect. Social contagion should be strongly considered when studying e-cigarette spread.

Conclusion: Targeted public health campaigns focused on reducing school prevalence of e-

cigarette use may be particularly valuable.

2.Literature
 As conducted by Barrett and Aldamkhi (2021) the implementation of e-cigarette smoking

cessation programs may be best left to pharmacists, but the majority of practitioners lacked

understanding and capacity to assist these clients considering the high risk of damage.

Pharmacy professionals felt confident in advising traditional cessation. tools. More rules,

regulations, and instruction are required. Results might not be as generalizable in nations where

e-cigarettes are prohibited. Their level of expertise, experience, and capacity to assist e-

cigarette users in their community in quitting smoking are lacking.

Students' preferred communication methods should be used by health education

specialists who operate on college campuses to deliver accurate information claimed by Dobbs,

Clawson, Gowin, and Cheney (2020)

According to Palmes, Trajera and Sajnani nursing students did not have adequate

knowledge regarding e-cigarettes but maintained a positive attitude opposing e-cigarette use.

Poor knowledge did not influence the attitude of participants towards e-cigarettes.

According to Alduraywish, Aldakheel, Alsuhaibani, Bin Jabaan, Alballa, Alrashed,

Alhassan and Aldwaighri (2023) Their investigation updated the body of knowledge on e-

cigarette use. When discussing e-cigarette trends, it's important to take into account the

connected factors, age at which smoking began, and goal for future use. There is a need for

health education initiatives in schools and on college campuses. It's also crucial to address the

controversy around the safety of e-cigarettes versus traditional cigarettes.

 According to Sharanesha, Bhari, Alkhaldi, Maseer, Alshehri, Ghurman, Alanazi, Ayidh,

Al-shammri, Matar, Alanazi, Moteb (2022) The future generation of emerging, experienced

dentists should have a thorough understanding of the advantages and disadvantages of this

therapeutic tool in order to positively influence and support patient cigarette cessation programs.

According to Kenne. Fischbein, Tan and Banks (2019) The effects of cannabis and

cannabis derivatives supplied by e-cigarettes on health are not well understood. Concern

Considering the risks associated with this young demographic utilizing substances more

hazardous than cannabis may also be justified e-cigarettes. The effects of vaping marijuana or

other illegal substances on the public's health among college students are not well understood.

This study highlights the necessity for more investigation into cannabis and other illegal

substances vaped. among students in colleges.

According to Almutham, Sharaf and AlAraj (2019) their research demonstrated that

medical students lacked understanding of e-cigarettes. More research is therefore required to

increase public knowledge about e-cigarettes, especially in light of the fact that e-cigarette use

is becoming more and more common in our culture.

According to Stratton, Kwan and Eaton (2018) E-cigarette use in America is in the

millions. Despite their widespread use, little is known about how they affect health. Some claim
that because e-cigarette users are not exposed to the toxicants created during combustion, they

represent a lower danger than conventional tobacco cigarettes. The potential advantages of e-

cigarettes as tools that can aid combustible tobacco cigarette smokers in quitting and so lessen

the health hazards associated with tobacco use are frequently highlighted by proponents of e-

cigarette use. Others are worried about those who have never used tobacco products, such as

children and young adults, being exposed to potentially hazardous compounds found in e-

cigarette emissions. Given its recent debut, there hasn't had much time for a body of scientific

data on the impact of e-cigarettes on health to accumulate. E-cigarettes' Effects on Public

Health reviews and critically assesses the state of the emerging evidence about e-cigarettes

and health. This report makes recommendations for the improvement of this research and

highlights gaps that are a priority for future research.

According to Murthy (2019) Youth and young adults should not use tobacco products,

including e-cigarettes, in any way. Teenagers and young people have been using e-cigarettes at

an alarmingly rapid rate in recent years. In the United States, e-cigarettes are currently the

tobacco product that young people use most frequently. This timely report examines the rapidly

evolving e-cigarette use patterns among youth and young adults, evaluates what is known about

the negative health effects of using these products, and outlines the tactics tobacco companies

employ to try and convince our country's youth and young adults to keep using e-cigarettes. The

research also discusses actions that can be used to reduce the harm that these products inflict

on their country's children. E-cigarettes are nicotine-delivery tobacco devices. Nicotine is an

extremely addictive substance, and many of today's youth who are using e-cigarettes could

become tomorrow's cigarette smokers. Nicotine exposure can also harm brain development in

ways that may affect the health and mental health of our kids.E-cigarette use among youth and

young adults is associated with the use of other tobacco products, including conventional
cigarettes. Because most tobacco use is established during adolescence, actions to prevent our

nation's young people from the potential of a lifetime of nicotine addiction are critical.E-cigarette

companies appear to be using many of the advertising tactics the tobacco industry used to

persuade a new generation of young people to use their products. Companies are promoting

their products through television and radio advertisements that use celebrities, sexual content,

and claims of independence to glamorize these addictive products and make them appealing to

young people.

According to Hinderaker, Power, Allen, Parker and Okuyemi (2018) A medical school

curriculum on e-cigarettes is required in light of the knowledge gaps and wide disparities in

attitudes among medical students at one medical school, as well as their report of insufficient

instruction in a setting where e-cigarette use is rising in the U.S.

According to Gaiha, Duemler, Silverwood, Razo, Felsher and Walley (2020) A school-

based instructional program was strongly linked to enhanced teenage awareness about e-

cigarettes, greater perceptions of e-cigarette danger and addictiveness, and decreased intent to

try e-cigarettes. Middle school kids should receive priority in e-cigarette education due to their

lower levels of understanding and stronger intent to try tobacco than high school students.

According to Natto (2020) This study shows that there are gaps in dentistry students'

attitudes and understanding of e-cigarettes, necessitating the incorporation of e-cigarette

teaching into future curriculum.

 There is a scarcity of available data concerning the awareness and use of E-cigarettes in

Egypt, particularly among young people. This study aimed to assess the students` perceptions

and practices of E-smoking and highlight factors affecting it. A cross-sectional study among 368

students from four faculties. Data were collected via a predesigned questionnaire including

socio-demographics, questions regarding knowledge, attitude, and practices related to E-

smoking claimed by Kabbash, Awad, Farghly, Naeem and Saeid (2022)

According to McLeish, Hart and Walker (2022) The most recent research indicates that

college students who use e-cigarettes are generally knowledgeable about many, but not all, of

the health hazards connected with them. They look for information from sites that are less

trustworthy because they are largely ignorant of the dangerous ingredients in e-cigarettes.

Targeted public health initiatives are required to warn college students about e-cigarettes, in

particular the danger for depression, and where to find trustworthy, factual information.

According to Canzan, Finocchio, Moretti, Vinzenci, Kouaya, Marognolli, Poli and Verlato

(2019) The use of e-cigarettes among Italian nursing students seems to be quite uncommon

and mostly limited to current smokers. E-cigarette use was not linked to nursing students

quitting smoking.

According to Gilbert, Kava and Afifi (2021) Teenagers that use e-cigarettes are very

likely to consume multiple drugs. Therefore, evaluation of other substances, particularly alcohol,

should be part of the e-cigarette screening process. Over time, early and thorough preventative

measures to lower e-cigarette and other substance use could significantly improve population

health.
 According to Puteh, Manap, Hassan, Ahmad, Idris, Sham, Yu lin, Soo, Mohamed,

Mohamed, Mokhtar, Zakaria, Lee, Siddiq, Nordin, Ariaratman and Yusoff (2018) To supplement

the findings of this study and inform policy decisions and practices for preventing e-cigarette use

among Malaysia's general student population, additional research on the usage of e-cigarettes

should be undertaken on a large number of respondents in various settings.

CHAPTER III

Methodology

Research Design

This uses a quantitative non-experimental type of research design; this study was made

by means of descriptive-survey quantitative methods of researchers. The researchers attempted

to use survey as the research design to collect the number of data following the research

entitled "a study about An Assessment of Students Knowledge and Practices on E-Cigarettes or

Vaping” this study pursuits to gather statistical information’s about the practicing of E-cigarrette

encounter by the Junior high and Senior High students in Bugtongnapulo Integrated National
Highschool. Survey methodology is a method or a procedure that asks two or more questions

that will be answered. The researchers will carry out the survey to gather the statistical numbers

for the 3I’S Quantitative research with the use of survey that will be answered by the Junior and

Senior HIgh students.

Research Population The Distribution of the respondents of Grade twelve (12)

Junior and Senior High Respondents

Population Junior High Senior High

15 15

Table 1: Present the population of Respondents among their Knowledge and Practices

on E-Cigarettes or Vaping. This study will be conducted at Bugtongnapulo Integrated National

High School. The researchers have thirty (30) respondents junior and senior high students.The

respondents will answer the questionnaires to be given by the researchers.

Research Instrument

Part I is the tool to determine the Demographic profile of Students in terms of Name

(optional), Sex and Age.

Part II has four sub parts the knowledge of the students on E-cigarette or vaping,

practices of the students with regards to E-cigarette or vaping, the reasons of the students in

using E-cigarette or vaping and Based on the result of the study what infographic material can

be produced to prevent the students from using E-cigarette or vaping.

Data Gathering Procedure.

 A letter of request to conduct the study was prepared. The researcher constructed a

questionnaire checklist, validated the professor of the subject then the questionnaire checklist is

distributed. The researcher conducts the research, through survey, because of advantages of

the survey method the researcher explains to the respondents the importance of their

respondents to the study. The researcher clarifies some terms to the respondents, so the

respondents answer the questionnaire with full knowledge of their responsibility as the subject of

the study. The researcher requested the respondents to answer with honesty. The researcher

uses purposive sampling, The sampling units are selected subjectively by the researcher. In this

study since the researcher's goal is to determine Assessment of Students Knowledge and

Practices on E-Cigarettes or Vaping the researcher believes this method is the most appropriate

in choosing the sample for the researcher. After the respondents answer the questionnaire, the

researcher collected and tallied the data for interpretation. The researcher asks a statistician to

help in determining the appropriate statistical tolls to be used and in interpreting the data. Based

on the data the researcher comes up with conclusions and recommendations for this study.

Statistical Treatment of Data

The data that is gathered in this study will be subjected to the following statistical

treatment. The frequency of each response will be determined by the number of respondents.

The demographic profile of the respondents will be determined using the formula below.

P=p/n x 100% (Demographic Profile formula)

Where: % = Percent f Frequency

N Number of Respondents formula below.

 determined us.t 04

Where: %= Percent f

= Frequency

N = Number of Respondents

% = {/N xb100

Range 1- Strongly Disagree 2- Disagree

3- Agree 4- Strongly agree

Ethical Consideration

Bryman and Bell's ethical consideration principles will be applied by the researcher

(2007). The participants will not be harmed in any way because of their participation in this

study. Full consent will be obtained from the participants, BNPINHS senior high school students

and teachers. Furthermore, the privacy of research participants will be protected. Respondents'

participation in the study will be highly valued. Furthermore, they have the right to withdraw from

the study at any stage if they wish to do so.

A sufficient level of confidentiality will be maintained when handling the data. Any type of

misleading information, as well as biased representation of primary data findings, will be

avoided. Maintaining the highest level of objectivity in discussions and will be analyzed

throughout the research, on the other hand, it will be considered. Furthermore, any affiliations,
funding sources, and potential conflicts of interest will be disclosed. Finally, all communications

regarding this action research will be honest and transparent.

CHAPTER IV

PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA

This chapter presents the results, the analysis and interpretation of data gathered from the

answers of the respondents to the questionnaires distributed to the field. The said data were

presented in tabular form in accordance with specific questions posited on the statement of the

problem.

Part I. Demographic Profile of the Respondents

1. Demographic Profile of the Respondents in Terms of Sex

 Sex

female
male 46%
54%

female male

Figure 1. Demographic Profile of the Respondents in Terms of Sex

The figure 1 specifies the demographic profile of the in terms of sex. It was

ascertained that among the 30 respondents in the conducted study, the female high

school students’ respondents were 14 or 46%, while the male high school students’

respondents were 16 or 54%. Therefore, most of our respondents who answered the

given questionnaire are Male. According to Grace Kong's (2018) research, they

searched PubMed for "adolescents" and "e-cigarettes" and found 652 publications. 16

studies (2.5%) looked at gender variations in adolescent e-cigarette use. Boys appear to

use e-cigarettes more frequently, but girls may be at greater risk if e-cigarettes are

targeted to them, like cigarettes have been.

2. Demographic Profile of the Respondents in Terms of Grade Level

 Grade Level

Junior HS
20%

Senior HS
80%

Senior HS Junior HS

Figure 2. Demographic Profile of the Respondents in Terms of Grade Level

Figure 2 specifies the respondents' demographic profile in terms of Grade Level.

It was determined that of the 30 respondents in the conducted survey, 24 or 80% were

Senior High School Students, while 6 or 20% were Junior High School Students. As a

result, the majority of our respondents who completed the questionnaire are Senior High

School Students. The New York State (NYS) Youth Tobacco study was employed, which

is a biennial, school-based, self-administered study. From 2014 to 2018, we investigated

middle (N = 5249) and high (N = 7296) school NYC students' (male and female) current

(past 30 days') e-cigarette use. Despite T21, e-cigarette use has surged among NYC

high school pupils. T21 use among middle school children may have decreased over

time (Indira Debchoudhury et. al., 2022)

3. Demographic Profile of the Respondents in Terms of Age

 Age

12 - 15 y/old
20%

16 - 17 y/old
77%

12 - 15 y/old 16 - 17 y/old

Figure 3. Demographic Profile of the Respondents in Terms of Age

Figure 3 depicts the respondents' demographic profile in terms of age. It was

determined that 20% of the 30 respondents in the survey are between the ages of 12

and 15 years old, 77% are between the ages of 16 and 18 years old, and 3% are 19 and

older. As a result, the majority of vape users are between the ages of 16 to 18. According

to the report from the article of Truth Initiative (2018), teens are not only experimenting

with the technology, but are also utilizing it on a regular basis. 56 percent of 15- to 17-

year-olds who used JUUL in the previous 30 days used it three or more days, and over

half of that group used it 10 or more days in the previous month. According to the study,

9.7 percent of 16- to 17-year-olds have used JUUL, which has grown so popular that it

now accounts for nearly three-quarters of the whole e-cigarette industry.

Part II. An Assessment of Students Knowledge and Practices on E-Cigarettes or

Vaping

Table 2.1. The Knowledge of the Students on E-Cigarette or Vaping

KNOWLEDGE OF STUDENTS ON 4 3 2 1 WAM Verbal

E-CIGARETTES OR VAPING Interpretation

1. I recognize that vaping can be 12 15 2 1 3.26 Strongly

exchange to smoking habits Agree

2. I know that e-cigarettes is a water 12 9 6 1 2.93 Agree

vapor rather than smoke

3. I know that vaping usually use 16 13 1 0 3.5 Agree

different kinds of flavor of juice

4. Vaping are marketed towards the 8 17 5 0 3.1 Agree

youth

5. I know that vaping is dangerous in a 13 16 0 1 3.36 Strongly

particular part of mouth. Agree

6. I know that vape has nicotine. 12 16 1 1 3.3 Agree

7. I know that the nicotine in vaping can 11 14 4 1 3.16 Agree

affect a person’s brain development

8. Nicotine makes anxiety and 8 11 8 3 2.8 Disagree

depression worse.

9. I recognize that vaping can be 14 13 2 1 3.3 Agree

affected in someone’s heart and

lungs’ health.

10. I recognize that vaping can cause 16 12 1 1 3.43 Strongly

cancer. Agree
 Subtotal 3.214 Agree

Legend: 3.26- 4.00 – Strongly Agree 1.76- 2.50 – Disagree

2.51- 3.25 – Agree 1.00- 1.75 – Strongly Disagree

As the table presents, most of the students has knowledge about the vape, even

the possible effects of the e-cigarettes or vaping. It presents that they are recognizing how can

vape affects the health of a one person. Also, they have a knowledge on what kind of cigarette

does vape is. According to McLeish, Hart and Walker (2022) The most recent research indicates

that college students who use e-cigarettes are generally knowledgeable about many, but not all,

of the health hazards connected with them. They look for information from sites that are less

trustworthy because they are largely ignorant of the dangerous ingredients in e-cigarettes.

Targeted public health initiatives are required to warn college students about e-cigarettes, in

particular the danger for depression, and where to find trustworthy, factual information.

Table 2.2. Practices of Students on E-Cigarettes or Vaping

PRACTICES OF STUDENTS ON 4 3 2 1 WAM Verbal

E-CIGARETTES OR VAPING Interpretation

1. I had been used vape 11 9 6 4 2.9 Disagree

2. I use vape daily. 11 4 10 5 2.7 Disagree

3. When vaping, I usually hold it in my 11 4 9 6 2.6 Disagree

mouth (Mouth-to-lung method).

4. When vaping, I directly inhale it 4 13 5 8 2.43 Disagree

(direct-to-lung method).
 5. I always use vape when I’m 11 6 5 10 2.73 Agree

stressed

6. I had tried my friends’ vape. 4 15 6 5 2.6 Disagree

7. I use vape as a coping mechanism 5 15 5 5 2.6 Disagree

to my smoking habits

8. I use vape just because I was 10 8 7 5 2.76 Agree

curious one time.

9. I still use vape even though I know 12 3 8 7 2.6 Disagree

the bad effects

10. I use vape to feel more pleasure 7 6 9 8 2.4 Disagree

Subtotal 2.632 Agree

Legend: 3.26- 4.00 – Strongly Agree 1.76- 2.50 – Disagree

2.51- 3.25 – Agree 1.00- 1.75 – Strongly Disagree

According to the table, the majority were disagreed about the habits or practices that they are

performing while using the vape, and the students were just using it some of their reasons. Most of the

students were using the vape in a good manner way. According to Palmes, Trajera and Sajnani

nursing students did not have adequate knowledge regarding e-cigarettes but maintained a

positive attitude opposing e-cigarette use. Poor knowledge did not influence the attitude of

participants towards e-cigarettes.

Table 2.3. Reasons of the Students in Using E-Cigarettes or Vaping

 REASONS OF THE STUDENTS 4 3 2 1 WAM Verbal

IN USING E-CIGARETTES OR Interpretation

VAPING

1. I use it because of stress 11 6 7 6 2.73 Agree

2. I use it to avoid boredom 11 7 7 5 2.8 Disagree

3. I use it to fit in my circle 7 6 8 9 2.4 Disagree

4. I use it because I quit in smoking 11 6 4 9 2.63 Disagree

5. I use it because it tastes better 9 11 3 7 2.73 Agree

than smoke

6. To cope up my habit mechanism 8 9 5 8 2.56 Agree

7. To look good and cool 4 8 10 8 2.26 Disagree

8. To taste different flavors of juice 10 9 5 6 2.76 Agree

9. To ease and lessen hunger 3 9 10 8 2.23 Disagree

10. For fun 4 10 10 6 2.4 Disagree

Subtotal 2.55 Agree

Legend: 3.26- 4.00 – Strongly Agree 1.76- 2.50 – Disagree

2.51- 3.25 – Agree 1.00- 1.75 – Strongly Disagree

 As the table shows, most of the respondents does not the researcher’s expectation

about the reasons of the students. However, there is still items that was reasonable for students

to continue or at least try the e-cigarette or vape. Arroyo Tendai et al. (2021) study identifies e-

cigarette consumption in California as a need for quitting tobacco, perceived health benefits,

reduced smoking, social enjoyment, and curiosity.

Chapter V

Summary, Conclusions, and Recommendations

Summary of Findings

Most of our respondents who answered the given questionnaire are Male. According to

Grace Kong's (2018) research, they searched PubMed for "adolescents" and "e-cigarettes" and

found 652 publications. 16 studies (2.5%) looked at gender variations in adolescent e-cigarette

use. Boys appear to use e-cigarettes more frequently, but girls may be at greater risk if e-

cigarettes are targeted to them, like cigarettes have been. As a result, the majority of our

respondents who completed the questionnaire are Senior High School Students. The New York

State (NYS) Youth Tobacco study was employed, which is a biennial, school-based, self-

administered study. From 2014 to 2018, we investigated middle (N = 5249) and high (N = 7296)
school NYC students' (male and female) current (past 30 days') e-cigarette use. Despite T21, e-

cigarette use has surged among NYC high school pupils. T21 use among middle school children

may have decreased over time (Indira Debchoudhury et. al., 2022). As a result, the majority of

vape users are between the ages of 16 to 18. According to the report from the article of Truth

Initiative (2018), teens are not only experimenting with the technology, but are also utilizing it on

a regular basis. 56 percent of 15- to 17-year-olds who used JUUL in the previous 30 days used

it three or more days, and over half of that group used it 10 or more days in the previous month.

According to the study, 9.7 percent of 16- to 17-year-olds have used JUUL, which has grown so

popular that it now accounts for nearly three-quarters of the whole e-cigarette industry. most of

the students has knowledge about the vape, even the possible effects of the e-cigarettes or

vaping. It presents that they are recognizing how can vape affects the health of a one person.

Also, they have a knowledge on what kind of cigarette does vape is. According to McLeish, Hart

and Walker (2022) The most recent research indicates that college students who use e-

cigarettes are generally knowledgeable about many, but not all, of the health hazards connected

with them. They look for information from sites that are less trustworthy because they are largely

ignorant of the dangerous ingredients in e-cigarettes. Targeted public health initiatives are

required to warn college students about e-cigarettes, in particular the danger for depression,

and where to find trustworthy, factual information. According to the table, the majority were disagreed

about the habits or practices that they are performing while using the vape, and the students were just

using it some of their reasons. Most of the students were using the vape in a good manner way.

According to Palmes, Trajera and Sajnani nursing students did not have adequate knowledge

regarding e-cigarettes but maintained a positive attitude opposing e-cigarette use. Poor

knowledge did not influence the attitude of participants towards e-cigarettes. As the table shows,

most of the respondents does not the researcher’s expectation about the reasons of the

students. However, there is still items that was reasonable for students to continue or at least try

the e-cigarette or vape. Arroyo Tendai et al. (2021) study identifies e-cigarette consumption in
California as a need for quitting tobacco, perceived health benefits, reduced smoking, social

enjoyment, and curiosity.

Conclusion

Lack of comprehensive knowledge: The assessment indicates that many students have

limited knowledge and understanding of the potential risks and harmful effects associated with

e-cigarettes or vaping. This lack of awareness may stem from misinformation, incomplete

education, or a general disregard for the topic. Prevalence of experimentation: The assessment

reveals a concerning trend of experimentation with e-cigarettes or vaping among students. A

significant number of participants reported having tried these products, indicating the need for

proactive measures to prevent initiation and reduce the prevalence of use. Potential gateway to

traditional smoking: The assessment suggests that e-cigarettes or vaping may serve as a

gateway to traditional smoking for some students. This finding underscores the importance of

effective prevention strategies that target both e-cigarette use and traditional tobacco

consumption. Insufficient regulations and enforcement: The assessment highlights the need for

stronger regulations and stricter enforcement measures surrounding the sale, marketing, and

use of e-cigarettes or vaping products. Inadequate regulations may contribute to the widespread

availability and accessibility of these products to underage individuals.

Recommendation

Educators: We Recommend Establish accessible and comprehensive cessation resources for

students who are currently using e-cigarettes or vaping products. Offer counseling services,
support groups, and evidence-based cessation programs to assist them in quitting and

managing withdrawal symptoms.

Teachers: We Recommend Develop and implement evidence-based educational initiatives that

specifically target students. These programs should focus on providing accurate information

about the risks and potential harm associated with e-cigarettes or vaping. Emphasize the long-

term health consequences and debunk common misconceptions surrounding these products.

References
 Appendices

Demographic Profile of the Respondents in terms of Sex

Female Male

Population

Demographic Profile of the Respondents in terms of Grade Level

Senior HS Junior HS

Population

Demographic Profile of the Respondents in terms of Age

12-15 16-18 19 Above

Population 6 23 1
 Computation of WAM

The Knowledge of the Students on E-Cigarette or Vaping

 12 ( 4 )+15 ( 3 )+2 ( 2 ) +1(1)
1. WAM = ∑ fw= =3.26
30

12 ( 4 )+ 9 (3 )+ 6 ( 2 ) +1(1)
2. WAM = ∑ fw= =2.93
30

16 ( 4 ) +13 ( 3 ) +1 (2 )+ 0(1)
3. WAM = ∑ fw= =3.5
30

8 ( 4 ) +17 ( 3 ) +5 ( 2 ) +0(1)
4. WAM = ∑ fw= =3.1
30

13 ( 4 )+ 16 ( 3 ) +0 ( 2 ) +1(1)
5. WAM = ∑ fw= =3.36
30

12 ( 4 )+16 ( 3 )+ 1 ( 2 ) +1(1)
6. WAM = ∑ fw= =3.3
30

11 ( 4 ) +14 ( 3 ) +1 ( 2 ) +1(1)
7. WAM = ∑ fw= =3.16
30

8 ( 4 ) +11 ( 3 ) +8 ( 2 ) +3(1)
8. WAM = ∑ fw= =2.8
30

14 ( 4 ) +13 ( 3 ) +2 ( 2 ) +1(1)
9. WAM = ∑ fw= =3.3
30

16 ( 4 ) +12 ( 3 )+ 1 ( 2 ) +1(1)
10. WAM = ∑ fw= =3.43
30

Practices Of Students On E-Cigarettes Or Vaping

11 ( 4 ) +9 ( 3 ) +6 ( 2 ) + 4(1)
1. WAM = ∑ fw= =2.9
30

11 ( 4 ) +4 (3 )+ 10 ( 2 )+ 5(1)
2. WAM = ∑ fw= =2.7
30

11 ( 4 ) +4 (3 )+ 9 ( 2 ) +6(1)
3. WAM = ∑ fw= =2.6
30

4 ( 4 )+13 ( 3 )+5 ( 2 ) + 8(1)

4. WAM = ∑ fw= =2.43
30
 11 ( 4 ) +6 ( 3 ) +5 ( 2 ) +10(1)
5. WAM = ∑ fw= =2.73
30

4 ( 4 )+15 ( 3 )+ 6 ( 2 )+ 5(1)
6. WAM = ∑ fw= =2.6
30

5 ( 4 )+ 15 (3 )+ 5 (2 )+5 (1)
7. WAM = ∑ fw= =2.6
30

10 ( 4 )+ 8 ( 3 ) +7 ( 2 ) +5(1)
8. WAM = ∑ fw= =2.76
30

12 ( 4 )+3 ( 3 )+ 8 (2 )+7 (1)

9. WAM = ∑ fw= =2.6
30

7 ( 4 ) +6 ( 3 ) +9 ( 2 ) +8 (1)
10. WAM = ∑ fw= =2.4
30

Reasons of the Students in Using E-Cigarettes or Vaping

11 ( 4 ) +6 ( 3 ) +7 ( 2 ) +6 (1)
1. WAM = ∑ fw= =2.73
30

11 ( 4 ) +7 ( 3 ) +7 ( 2 ) +5(1)
2. WAM = ∑ fw= =2.8
30

7 ( 4 ) +6 ( 3 ) +8 ( 2 ) +9 (1)
3. WAM = ∑ fw= =2.4
30

11 ( 4 ) +6 ( 3 ) + 4 ( 2 ) +9(1)
4. WAM = ∑ fw= =2.63
30

9 ( 4 ) +11 ( 3 ) +3 ( 2 ) +7(1)
5. WAM = ∑ fw= =2.73
30

8 ( 4 ) +9 ( 3 ) +5 ( 2 ) +8(1)
6. WAM = ∑ fw= =2.56
30

4 ( 4 )+ 8 (3 )+ 10 ( 2 )+ 8(1)
7. WAM = ∑ fw= =2.26
30

10 ( 4 )+ 9 ( 3 ) +5 ( 2 ) +6(1)
8. WAM = ∑ fw= =2.76
30
 3 ( 4 )+ 9 ( 3 ) +10 ( 2 ) +8(1)
9. WAM = ∑ fw= =2.23
30

4 ( 4 )+10 ( 3 )+10 ( 2 )+6 (1)

10. WAM = ∑ fw= =2.4
30