Introduction To Computer
Introduction To Computer
Hanafy M. Ali
BUC-Bio Technology School
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Chapter1
Introduction to
Computers
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What are computers?
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Look inside the computer SOFTWARE
HARDWARE
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Computers are made of
1. HARDWARE
2. SOFTWARE
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Hardware
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Hardware
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Components of a Computer System
Central Processing Unit (CPU)
Data
control unit (CU)
Memory output
Arithmetic
logic RAM units
Input
Unit (ALU)
units ROM
Auxiliary Information
Memory
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10
Hardware Organization
Input Devices ...
CPU
memory
motherboard
hard drive
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Input Devices
Selector Buttons
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Examples of Input Devices
1. Keyboard (QWERTY keyboard, ATMs keyboard)
ATM: automatic teller machine
2. Mouse
3. Scanner
4. Pre-storage Devise (Disk, CD’s, … etc.)
5. Optical mark recognition (Light Pin ,
Bar code scanners)
6. Microphone
7. Joystick .
See Page 4 in text book
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Examples of Input Devices(2)
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Hardware Organization
CPU
memory
hard drive
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غير مطلوبة فقط للفهم
Hardware Organization
CPU
memory
motherboard
hard drive
مطلوبة فقط للفهم
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Central Processing Unit (CPU)
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The Control Unit (CU) :
coordinates all activities of the
computer by:
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The ALU :
consists of electronic circuitry to
perform:
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Hardware Organization
CPU
memory
motherboard
hard drive
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Primary Memory
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RAM (Main Memory)
• its a primary storage or random access memory
(RAM).
• it temporarily holds data and programs for use
during processing (volatile)
• Any information stored in RAM is lost when the
computer is turned off.
• RAM is the memory that the computer uses to
temporarily store the information as it is being
processed. The more information being
processed the more RAM the computer needs.
• RAM consists of locations or cells. Each cell has
a unique address which distinguishes it from
other cells. BUC 24
ROM: Read Only Memory
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Secondary Storage
❑ Stores data and programs
permanently: its retained after the
power is turned off
❑ Examples
• Hard Drive (Hard Disk)
Located outside the CPU, but most often
contained in the system cabinet
• Floppy Disk
• Optical Laser Discs
❖CD-ROM, CD-RW, BUC and DVD 26
Kinds of Disk Drives
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Common Secondary Media
• Diskettes
– Data represented as magnetic spots on removable
flexible plastic disks
– Most common size is 3 1/2 inches, in a rigid plastic
case
– Disk drive holds the diskette, reads or retrieves
the data and writes or stores data
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Common Secondary Media
• Hard drive
CPU
memory
motherboard
hard drive
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Common Secondary Media
▪ Optical Laser Discs
• CD ROM & DVD’s
• Data is represented as pits and lands
• Some kinds are read only (CD-ROM) and some
Kinds are rewritable (CD-RW)
• Significantly more capacity and faster operating
than diskettes
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DVD: Digital Video Disk
Hardware Organization
CPU
memory
hard drive
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Output …
CPU
Output Devices
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Output Devices
▪ Monitors
▪ Printers
➢ Dot matrix printers
➢ Ink jet printers
➢ Laser printers
▪ Sound Blasters (Sound Card By Creative Lab)
▪ Controlling other devices
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Software
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System Software
The most important
System Software
is the
Operating System
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System Software
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Resources examples : CPU, RAM , I/O devices, …
Application Software – Basic Tools
Remark: 1024=210
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Four Kinds of Computers
1. Microcomputers 2. Minicomputers
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• Microcomputer =>Personal
Computer => PC
• There are 3 types of the
Microcomputers :
1.Laptop
2.Desktop
3.Workstation
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• Personal Computer: A small, single-user
computer based on a microprocessor.
• Workstation: A powerful, single-user computer.
A workstation is like a personal computer, but it
has :
➢ a more powerful microprocessor and,
➢ in general, a higher-quality monitor.
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Minicomputer, Mainframe, and
Supercomputer
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Mainframe Computers
• Larger machines with special
wiring and environmental
controls
• Faster processing and greater
storage than minicomputers
• Typical machine in large
organizations
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Supercomputers
• The most powerful of the four categories
• Used by very large organizations, particularly
for very math-intensive types of tasks
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Supercomputers
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Characteristics of Computers
4- Sharing of information
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Understanding the difference between Data,
Information and Knowledge:
Data Information
Computer
Knowledge
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✓ Data: is the name given to basic facts such as
names and numbers.
✓ Information: is data that has been converted
into a more useful or intelligible form.
✓ Knowledge: arrangement of information and
classifying information of the same type or
the same topic.
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• e. g.
-2 4 0 -3 10 (data)
|| sort
\ /
-3 -2 0 4 10 (information)
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Processing data produces
information, and processing
information produces
knowledge.
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Computer Viruses
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Computer Viruses
Monkes
ABC
Crabs
CIH
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Viruses and Virus Protection
• A virus program
• Infects programs, documents,
databases and more …
• It is man-made
• It can hide and reproduce
• It can lay dormant (inactive)
and then activate
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How do you know if you
have a virus?
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Virus Protection
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