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Mathematics
First Quarter
Module 1: Patterns
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Mathematics
First Quarter
Module 1: Patterns
 Introduction

This module is written in support of the k to 12 Basic education

Program to ensure attainment of standards expected of you as a learner.

This aims to equip you with essential knowledge on generating

patterns.

This includes the following activities/tasks:

 Expected Learning Outcome – This lays out the learning outcome

that you are expected to have accomplished at the end of the
module.
 Pre-Test – This determines your prior learning on the particular
lesson you are about to take.
 Discussion of the Lesson – This provides you with the important
knowledge, principles and attitude that will help you meet the
expected learning outcome.
 Learning Activities – These provide you with the application of the
knowledge and principles you have gained from the lesson and
enable you to further enhance your skills as you carry out
prescribed tasks.
 Post-test – This evaluates your overall understanding about the
module.

With the different activities provided in this module, may you find this
material engaging and challenging as it develops your critical thinking skills.
 What I Need to Know
At the end of this lesson, you will be able to:

 generates patterns. (M10AL-Ia-1)

What I Know

To find out first what you already know about the content of this
module, take the Pre-test. Write your answer in your assessment notebook.

A. Write the first five terms of the sequence.

n3
1. an =
n
2. an = 2n - 1
3. an = 4n - 3
B. Find the indicated term for the sequence.

4. an = -9n + 2; a8
5. an = (n + 1)(2n + 3); a5

6. an = ; a14

C. Find the general term, a n, for the given terms of the sequence.
7. 4, 8, 12, 16,…
8. -10, -20, -30, -40,…
1 1 1
9. , , ,...
2 6 12
D. Find the first four terms of the sequence based on the given
pattern below.
10. a1= -1, an = 3an – 1
a n 1
11. a1 = 5, an =
n 1
12. a1=3 , an= 5an-1

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 What’s In
Answer the puzzle. Write your answer in your assessment notebook.

Why are Policemen Strong?

Find the next number in the sequences and exchange it for the letter
which corresponds each sequence with numbers inside the box to decode
the answer to the puzzle.
A 2, 5, 11, 23, __ N 2, 6, 18, 54, __
B 2, 4, 16, __ O 20, 19, 17, __
C 7, 13, 19, __ P 2, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, 15, __
D 19, 16, 13, __ R 13, 26, 39, __
E 4, 8, 20, 56, __ S 5, 7, 13, 31, __
F 2, 2, 4, 6, 10, 16, __ T 1, 1, 2, 4, 7, 13, 24, __
H 1, 1, 2, 4, 7, 13, __ U 1, 1, 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 9, 13, __
I 3, 6, 12, 24, __ Y 1, 2, 2, 4, 3, 6, 4, 8, 5, 10, __
L 10, 11, 9, 12, 8, __

256 164 25 47 19 85 164 44 24 164 6 25 47 162

24 14 13 10 19 17 44 52 47 26 26 48 25

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 What’s New

How will you differentiate finite sequence from infinite sequence?

Study the following :
Finite sequence Infinite sequence
1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8 1, 3, 5, 7, …
1 1 1
1, 2, 3, 4, 5, …, 8 1, , , , …
2 4 8
1, -1, 1, -1 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, …
What have you observed? Do they have common characteristics?

What Is It

Now, each of the numbers of a sequence is called a term of the

sequence. The first term in the sequence 10, 20, 30, 40 is 10, the second
term is 20, while the third term is 30 and the fourth term is 40. It is also
good to point out that the preceding term of a given term is the term
immediately before that given term. For example, in the given sequence 20
is the term that precedes 30.
Examples of other sequences are shown above. These sequences are
separated into two groups. A finite sequence contains a finite number of
terms. An infinite sequence contains an infinite number of terms.
Frequently, a sequence has a definite pattern that can be expressed
by a rule or formula. In the simple sequence
2, 4, 6, 8, 10, ….
each term is paired with a natural number by the rule a n = 2n. Hence the
sequence can be written as

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 2, 4, 6, 8,… 2n,…

1st term 2nd term 3rd term 4th term nth term
a1 a2 a3 a4 an
Notice how the formula an = 2n gives all the terms of the sequence.
For instance, substituting 1, 2, 3, and 4 for n gives the 1st four terms:
a1 = 2(1) = 2 a3 = 2(3) = 6
a2 = 2(2) = 4 a4 = 2(4) = 8
To find the 103rd term of this sequence, use n=103 to get a 103 = 2(103)
= 206.
Examples:
1. Find the 1st four terms of the sequence whose general term is given by
an = 2n – 1.
Solution:
To find the first, second, third and fourth terms of this sequence,
simply substitute 1, 2, 3, 4 for n in the formula an = 2n-1.
If the general term is an = 2n – 1, then the
1st term is a1 = 2(1) – 1 = 1
2nd term is a2 = 2(2) – 1 = 3
3rd term is a3 = 2(3) – 1 = 5
4th term is a4 = 2(4) – 1 = 7.
The 1st four terms of this sequence are the odd numbers 1, 3, 5, and
7. The whole sequence can be written as
1, 3, 5, …, 2n – 1
Since each term in this sequence is larger than the preceding term, we
say that the sequence is an increasing sequence.
A sequence is increasing if an + 1 > an for all n.

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2. Write the 1st 4 terms of the sequence defined by an = .
n 1
Solution:

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 o Replacing n with 1, 2, 3, and 4, respectively the 1st four terms
are:
1 1
 1st term = a1 = 1  1 = 2
1 1
 2nd term = a2 = 2  1 = 3
1 1
 3rd term = a3 = 3  1 = 4
1 1
 4th term = a4 = 4  1 = 5
1
o The sequence defined by an = can be written as
n 1
1 1 1 1 1
 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , ……, n  1

o Since each term in the sequence is smaller than the term

preceding it, the sequence is said to be a decreasing sequence.
o A sequence is decreasing if an + 1 < an for all n.

3. Find a formula for the nth term of the sequence 2, 8, 18, 32,…
Solution:
o Solving a problem like this involve some guessing. Looking over
the first 4 terms, see that each is twice a perfect square:
 2 = 2(1)
 8 = 2(4)
 18 = 2(9)
 32 = 2(16)
o By writing each sequence with an exponent of 2, the formula for
the nth term becomes obvious:
 a1 = 2 = 2(1)²
 a2 = 8 = 2(2)²
 a3 = 18 = 2(3)²
 a4 = 32 = 2(4)²
 .
 .
 .
 an = 2(n)² = 2n²
The general term of the sequence 2, 8, 18, 32,…. is an = 2n².

3 4 5
4. Find the general term for the sequence 2, , , ,….
8 27 14

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 Solution:
2
o The first term can be written as . The denominators are all
1
perfect cubes while the numerators are all 1 more than the base
of the cubes of the denominators:
11
o a1 = 2/1 = 3
1
2 1
o a2 = 3/8 =
23

3 1
a3 = 4/27 =
32

4 1
a4 = 5/64 =
43
n 1
Observing this pattern, recognize the general term to be an =
n3

What’s More
Answer the following. Write your answer in your assessment notebook.

Independent Activity 1

Write F if the sequence is finite or I if the sequence is infinite.

1. 2, 3, 4, 5, ….., 10
2. 7, 10, 13, 16, 19, 22, 25
3. 4, 9, 14, 19, …
4. 2, 6, 18, 54

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Independent Activity 2

Write the 1st 4 terms of the sequence whose nth term is given by the
formula.
1. an = n + 1

2. an = 2 – 2n

3. an = n - 1

4. an = 2 n

Independent Activity 3

Find the next three terms of the given sequence.

1. 2, 8, 14, 20,…

2. 7, 8.5, 10, 11.5,…

3. 1, 2, 3, 4,…

4. 24, 21, 18

What I Have Learned

I learned that….

 a sequence is a list of numbers in which order is important.

a1, a2, a3, a4, …, an,

Each number in the list corresponds to each natural number.

 a sequence may either be finite or infinite. A finite sequence has a

specific number of terms. An infinite sequence has an endless
number of terms.

 to find the terms of a sequence given its rule, simply replace n with
the number of the specific term needed to be found

 most sequences have a general term or rule that describes all the
terms in the sequence. There is no specific way of finding the general
term of a given sequence. It depends upon the given sequence.

 a sequence is defined recursively when the nth term can be found only
when the preceding term is found.

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 What I Can Do

Directions: Solve the following problems. Write your answer in your

assessment notebook.

1. A new square is formed by joining the midpoints of the consecutive

sides of a square 8 inches on a side. If the process is continued until
there are already six squares, find the sum of the areas of all squares in
square inches.

2. In President Sergio Osmeña High School, suspension of classes is

announced through text brigade. One stormy day, the principal
announces the suspension of classes to two teachers, each of whom
sends this message to two other teachers, and so on. Suppose that text
messages were sent in five rounds, counting the principal’s text message
as the first, how many text messages were sent in all?

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 Assessment
Post-test

Write your answer in your assessment notebook.

A. Write the first five terms of the sequence.

n3
1. an =
n
2. an = 2n - 1
3. an = 4n - 3
B. Find the indicated term for the sequence.

4. an = -9n + 2; a8
5. an = (n + 1)(2n + 3); a5

6. an = ; a14

C. Find the general term, an, for the given terms of the sequence.
7. 4, 8, 12, 16,…
8. -10, -20, -30, -40,…
1 1 1
9. , , ,...
2 6 12
D. Find the first four terms of the sequence defined recursively.
10. a1= -1, an = 3an – 1
a n 1
11. a1 = 5, an =
n 1
12. a1=3 , an= 5an-1

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 References

Bernabe, Julieta G, Jose-Dilao, Soledad, and Orines, Fernando B. Intermediate

Algebra Textbook for Second Year. Revised ed. Quezon City. SD Publications, Inc.
2009

Callanta,Melvin M., Allan M. Canonigo, Arnaldo I. Chua, Jerry D. Cruz,

Mirla S. Esparrago, Elino S. Garcia, Aries N. Magnaye, Fernando
Orines, Rowena S. Perez, and Concepcion S. Ternida, eds.
Mathematics Learner’s Module Grade 10. First Edition. Pasig City.
Rex Book Store, Inc. 2015

Written by:

SEONNIE LYN M. ERAT

SST-I
Candaping National High School

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