DEFINE ELECTRICITY

Electricity is a natural phenomenon that occurs throughout

nature and takes many different forms. Associated with the
presence and motion of matter that has a property of
electric charge. The presence of either a positive or negative
electric charge produces an electric field. Which is better
thought of as the flow of particles with charge (e.g.,
electrons flowing through a wire). Opposites attract. Positive
and negative charges come together, creating two types of
energy: Static electricity (generated by friction) and dynamic
electricity (known as a current).

The energy of these particles in motion can be converted to

other forms of energy, such as creating light in a lamp,
playing sound from a stereo, or lifting people in an elevator.
When this force (called a voltage) occurs across many
atoms, multiple electrons will create a flow, called a current.
Electrons may move between atoms, forcing the next
electron to leave the atom, continuing the process of
electron flow.

HOW IS ELECTRICITY PRODUCED?

Electricity generation is the process of generating electric
power from sources of primary energy. For utilities in the
electric power industry, it is the stage prior to its delivery
(transmission, distribution, etc.) These primary energies
may be renewable (wind, solar power, tidal power, etc.)
or non-renewable (coal, natural gas, oil, etc.). To produce
electricity, a turbine generator set converts mechanical
energy to electrical energy. In the cases of natural gas, coal,
nuclear fission, biomass, petroleum, geothermal and solar
thermal, the heat that is produced is used to create steam,
which moves the blades of the turbine.

Production is carried out in power stations (also called

"power plants"). Electricity is most often generated at a
power plant by electromechanical generators, primarily
driven by heat engines fueled by combustion or nuclear
fission but also by other means such as the kinetic energy of
flowing water and wind. Other energy sources include solar
photovoltaics and geothermal power. In the cases of wind
power and hydropower, turbine blades are moved directly
by flowing wind and water, respectively. Solar photovoltaic
panels convert sunlight directly to electricity using
semiconductors.
GIVE AT LEAST 6 SOURCES OF ELECTRICITY?
The production of electricity is basically a secondary source
of energy. We produce electricity by converting energy
available in nature. These natural energies are nothing but
the primary sources of energy that we use as different
sources of power generation in the world.
Fossil Fuels for Electricity
There are three major types of fossil fuels that we use to
produce electricity. These are Coal i.e., a solid, petroleum,
or diesel i.e., a liquid, and natural gas.
Fossil fuels provide power for most of the world, oil is
converted into many products, the most used of which is
gasoline. Natural gas is starting to become more common
but is used mostly for heating applications, although there
are more and more natural gas-powered vehicles appearing
on the streets.

Nuclear Energy for Electricity

The energy that we harness from the nucleus of an atom is
known as nuclear energy. In general, there are two major
types of nuclear fuel i.e., Uranium and Plutonium. Nuclear
energy comes under the category of non-renewable energy
resources. Nuclear energy is produced from uranium, a non-
renewable energy source whose atoms are split (through a
process called nuclear fission) to create heat and,
eventually, electricity. Uranium is found throughout the
earth’s crust, but most of it is too difficult or too expensive
to mine and process into fuel for nuclear power plants.
Solar Energy for Electricity
The primary source of energy is the sun. Solar power
harvests the energy of the sun by using collector panels to
create conditions that can then be turned into a kind of
power. Large solar panel fields are often used in the desert
to gather enough power to charge small substations, and
many homes use solar systems to provide for hot water,
cooling and supplement their electricity.

Wind Energy for Electricity

Wind energy for electricity generation is by far one of the
cleanest forms of natural energy. In fact, wind energy is a
form of solar energy. The new innovations that are allowing
wind farms to appear are making them a more common
sight. By using large turbines to take available wind as the
power to turn, the turbine can then turn a generator to
produce electricity.

Hydropower for Electricity

This form of energy is also classified as renewable energy.
The energy of the water is generated by constructing a dam
across the river flowing upstream to downstream. Water
contains two-thirds of hydrogen and can be found in
combination with other elements. Once it is separated, it
can be used as a fuel for generating electricity.
Geothermal Energy for Electricity
Geothermal energy is the energy or heat that we harness
from within the earth. This form of energy is strictly
classified as renewable. It is clean, sustainable, and
environmentally friendly. High temperatures are produced
continuously inside the earth’s crust by the slow delay of
radioactive particles. Hot rocks present below the earth
heats up the water that produces steam. The steam is then
captured, which helps to move turbines. The rotating
turbines then power the generators.
EXPLAIN BRIEFLY THE TWO TYPES OF ELECTRICITY?
The two types of electricity are:
Static electricity: The imbalance between the positive and
negative charges within an object causes the discharge of
an electrical pulse known as Static Electricity.
Dynamic electricity: is the flow of electric charges through a
conductor, in other words, an electric current. When
electrons are released from a substance and have to flow
into a material, it produces dynamic electricity.
EXPLAIN THE PARAMETERS OF ELECTRICITY?
Electricity
The volt, ampere, and ohm are the three parameters of
electricity.
1. The Volt
Electromotive force (EMF) is the force that exerts pressure
on free electrons, causing them to flow. The amount of
electromotive force needed to push a current of one
ampere through a conductor with a resistance of one ohm
is called a volt, which also serves as a measure of pressure.
2. The Ampere
Electric current flow rate is measured in amperes. For
instance, a current of one ampere is defined as one
coulomb (or 6 x 1018 electrons) flowing across a specific
location on a conductor in one second.
3. The Ohm
The ohm is the measurement unit for conductor resistance.
The size, material, such as copper or aluminum, and
temperature of a conductor are three factors that affect
how much resistance it has.
EXPLAIN BRIEFLY THE FOUR COMPONENTS OF A CIRCUIT?
Voltage source- A device connected to the circuit is
activated by the voltage power source, which supplies the
circuit with a constant voltage level.
Conductor- The wire in a house or piece of equipment that
serves as a route for energy to go across a circuit is referred
to be the conductor.
Switch- By closing (continuing) or opening (breaking), the
switch regulates the flow of electrical energy on the circuit.
Circuit switches come in a variety of forms.
Load- Any equipment connected to an electrical circuit that
is activated or powered by the flow of electricity to it is
referred to as the electrical load on the circuit. The load is
the amount of electricity consumed by the device to
operate.