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Lab 2 - Fourier Series

This document outlines a lab experiment on signal representation using Fourier series. The objectives are to show any periodic function can be represented as sinusoidal functions using Fourier series and to approximate periodic functions using a finite number of sinusoidal terms. The document provides theory on Fourier series representation and examples. It describes tasks to be completed in MATLAB, including representing sample signals using their Fourier coefficients and observing the effect of including more terms.

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152 views6 pages

Lab 2 - Fourier Series

This document outlines a lab experiment on signal representation using Fourier series. The objectives are to show any periodic function can be represented as sinusoidal functions using Fourier series and to approximate periodic functions using a finite number of sinusoidal terms. The document provides theory on Fourier series representation and examples. It describes tasks to be completed in MATLAB, including representing sample signals using their Fourier coefficients and observing the effect of including more terms.

Uploaded by

Ed Itr
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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FAKULTI TEKNOLOGI KEJURUTERAAN

ELEKTRIK DAN ELEKTRONIK


UNIVERSITI TEKNIKAL MALAYSIA MELAKA

SIGNAL & SYSTEMS

BEET 2423 SEMESTER 1 SESSION 2022/2023

LAB 2: SIGNAL REPRESENTATION USING FOURIER SERIES

1.

NAME OF GROUP
MEMBER(S) & 2.
MATRIX NUMBER(S)

3.

COURSE BEEZ

DATE

TS ZAHARIAH BINTI MANAP


NAME OF INSTRUCTOR(S)

EXAMINER’S COMMENT(S) VERIFICATION STAMP

TOTAL MARKS
1.0 OBJECTIVES

1. To show that any periodic function (or signal) can be represented as a series of
sinusoidal (or complex exponentials) function.
2. To approximate periodic functions using a finite number of sinusoidal function and
run the simulation using MATLAB.

2.0 EQUIPMENT

1. MATLAB® software.

3.0 SYNOPSIS & THEORY

General form of Fourier series:

+∞ +∞
jk ω0 t
x(t )= ∑ a k e = ∑ ak e
jk(2π /T )t

k=−∞ k=−∞

k = -,…, 0, …,  (or = -N,…, 0, …, N)


k= ±N, ak and a-k are both referred to as the Nth harmonic components.

Example of x(t) with highest harmonic values = 2

jω 0 t jω 0 t jω0 t jω0 t
x ( t )=a−2 e +a−1 e +a 0 + a1 e + a2 e

Example (Demo)

A periodic signal, x(t) has a fundamental frequency of 2. The signal is expressed as:

3
x (t )= ∑ a k e jk 2 π t
k=−3
Given:

1 1 1
a 0=1 , a−1=a 1= , a−2=a 2= , a−3=a 3=
4 2 3
Therefore,

1 j2πt −j2π t 1 j4π t − j4π t 1 j6π t −j6 πt


x (t )=1+ ( e + e ) + ( e +e ) + ( e +e )
4 2 3

The signal can be simplified in terms of trigonometric function. Using Euler’s formula;

1 2
x (t )=1+ cos 2 πt+ cos 4 πt + cos 6 πt
2 3
Run the demonstration Matlab script (filename: fourier_series_demo.mlx) to display the signal
and its harmonics.

2
4.0 PROCEDURE

1. Run all tasks using MATLAB®.

TASK 1:

1. Table 1 shows coefficients for Complex Exponential Fourier series of half-rectified


sine wave with A = 1, T = 1.

{
Wave form Fourier Coefficients
Half-rectified sine wave:
A
2
k =0 ,±2 ,±4 ,…
π (1−k )

ak= jA
∓ k =±1
4

0 others
Table 1

2. Execute program in Listing 1 using 4 inputs: [2 8 20 100].


3. Observe the output changes as higher order terms are added. (Answer
question 7.0)

Listing 1:

3
TASK 2:

1. Change ak (in previous Listing 1) with the formula given in the Table 2, then
run the program. Pay attention to other instructions that must also be changed.
2. Discussed your result. (Answer question 7.0)

Table 2: Coefficients for Complex Exponential Fourier Series of Several Signal


For all signals below A = 1, T = 1.

Waveform 1:

{
2A
k =even
a k = π ( 1−k 2 )
0 k=odd

Waveform 2:

{
4A
k=odd
ak = π2 k2
0 k=even

5.0 EXPERIMENT DATA


(Attached all the programming at the different sheet.)

6.0 EXPERIMENT RESULTS


(Attached all the figures at the different sheet.)

4
7.0 QUESTIONS & DISCUSSION

1. Define Fourier Series.

2. From Task 1, the output will show the half-rectified sine wave. Please identify the
waveforms from Task 2.

(a) Waveform 1

(b) Waveform 2

3. Discussed your result in Task 1.

5
4. Discussed your result in Task 2.

8.0 CONCLUSION

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