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Oscillatory Transient

1. Impulsive transients are caused by lightning strikes and usually do not travel far from their entry point into the power system. 2. Oscillatory transients involve non-power frequency voltage or current changes that are bidirectional and contain decaying sinusoidal waves. They are classified by frequency as high, medium, or low. 3. Short duration voltage variations lasting less than one minute include voltage sags, which are 10-90% reductions in voltage from faults or large load changes, and voltage swells, which are 1.1-1.8 times the nominal voltage from faults or load removal.

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289 views2 pages

Oscillatory Transient

1. Impulsive transients are caused by lightning strikes and usually do not travel far from their entry point into the power system. 2. Oscillatory transients involve non-power frequency voltage or current changes that are bidirectional and contain decaying sinusoidal waves. They are classified by frequency as high, medium, or low. 3. Short duration voltage variations lasting less than one minute include voltage sags, which are 10-90% reductions in voltage from faults or large load changes, and voltage swells, which are 1.1-1.8 times the nominal voltage from faults or load removal.

Uploaded by

simaarul
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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time. These transients are mainly caused by lightning strikes.

Impulsive transients usually do not conduct far the point of their entry
into the power system. The distance to which an impulsive transient travels
along a feeder depends on the particular system configuration.

Oscillatory transient:
A sudden, non-power frequency change in the steady state condition
of voltage or current that is bidirectional in polarity.
An oscillatory transient is usually bipolar in nature. It has one or more
sinusoidal components that get multiplied by a decaying term.
Oscillatory transients are classified in accordance with their
frequency. An oscillatory transient with a primary frequency greater than 500
kHz is considered high frequency transients. A transient within the frequency
range of 5 kHz to 500 kHz is considered a medium frequency transient and
anything below 5 kHz is termed as a low frequency transient.

1.2.2 Short Duration Voltage Variations


Any variation in the supply voltage for duration not exceeding one
minute is called a short duration voltage variation.
Usually such variations are caused by faults, energization of large
loads that require large inrush currents and intermittent loose connection in
the power wiring.
Short duration variations are further classified as
Voltage sags
Voltage swells
Voltage Sag:
A voltage sag or voltage dip is a short duration reduction in RMS
voltage which can be caused by a short circuit, overload or starting of electric
motors.
Voltage sag happens when the RMS voltage decreases between 10 and
90 percent of nominal voltage for one-half cycle to one minute.
Some references define the duration of sag for a period of 0.5 cycles
to a few seconds, and longer duration of low voltage would be called
“sustained sag".

There are several factors which cause voltage sag to happen:


- Since the electric motors draw more current when they are starting than
when they are running at their rated speed, starting an electric motor can
be a reason of voltage sag.
- When a line-to-ground fault occurs, there will be voltage sag until the
protective switch gear operates.
- Some accidents in power lines such as lightning or falling an object can
be a cause of line-to-ground fault and voltage sag as a result.
- Sudden load changes or excessive loads can cause voltage sag.
- Depending on the transformer connections, transformers energizing
could be another reason for happening voltage sags.
- Voltage sags can arrive from the utility but most are caused by in-
building equipment. In residential homes, we usually see voltage sags
when the refrigerator, air-conditioner or furnace fan starts up.
Voltage Swell:
Swell - an increase to between 1.1pu and 1.8 pu in rms voltage or
current at the power frequency durations from 0.5 to 1 minute
In the case of a voltage swell due to a single line-to-ground (SLG)
fault on the system, the result is a temporary voltage rise on the un faulted
phases, which last for the duration of the fault.
Voltage swells can also be caused by the deenergization of a very
large load.
It may cause breakdown of components on the power supplies of the
equipment, though the effect may be a gradual, accumulative effect. It can
cause control problems and hardware failure in the equipment, due to
overheating that could eventually result to shut down. Also, electronics and
other sensitive equipment are prone to damage due to voltage swell.

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