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RESEARCH 8
Research Process

Learning Competency:
Describe the Nature of the Research Process
Determine the appropriate steps in planning and designing a
research study. (SSP_RS8-RPM-Id-e-7)

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 Try This!

Ready to Launch!

Experiments are performed all around us every day. Whether they're done to
find out if a cancer curing medication works or to find out how fast water evaporates
at certain temperatures, experiments are constantly performed. However, what
separates a simple experiment from a professionally done experiment is the use of
the Scientific Method.

The conduct of experimental study such as science investigatory project

employs the scientific. The Scientific Method is a series of organized steps to which
an experiment is done. The Scientific Method helps you plan, predict, research,
conclude and maybe even publish your findings. The Scientific Method will make
your experiment more organized, easy to interpret and learn from.

Aim at the Target!

At the end of this module you are expected to:

1. Arrange the steps in planning and designing research study.
2. Identify the step in planning and designing research study.

Instruction: Arrange the scrambled letters to form a word that the statement
describes.
1. ( M L E O R B P ) Identified research problem serves as the
focus of the study throughout the entire research problem.
2. ( S E E R C A R H ) Making information and gather background
information about the problem.
3. ( Y P H T H I S E S O ) It serves as a tentative solution to the
problem prior to any experimentation.
4. ( M E X P E N T I R E ) Test the hypothesis by executing the
experiments.
5. ( S R E U S T L ) Data gathered are organized into tables and
graphs before they are analyzed using statistical methods.
6. ( M E X P E N T I R E ) Summarizes the significant results of the
experiments.

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Keep This in Mind!
ACTIVITY 1. “It’s a Process”
Click the link below to watch the video.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aUvEUiWcoT0&t=106s

After watching the video, arrange the steps in planning and designing
research study in chronological order by writing on the diagram and answer the
essential question.

Essential Question:
1. What does the diagram shows?

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Keep This in Mind!

A research project involves a systematic, cyclic and dynamic process.

The conduct of an experimental study such as a science investigatory project
employs the scientific method, which involves systematic procedures in order to
come up with scientifically acceptable and verifiable results and conclusions. These
steps must done in a chronological order. The research process is a cycle where
results and conclusions generated form a research project may either support,
modify, or even contradict previous research findings. Research is an iterative
process because the results generated may lead to more questions that need further
research. This mechanism make science highly dynamic and interesting.
Steps in Planning and Designing a Research Study

Identification of Research Problem

- What are you interested in?
- What do you want to know about?
- Identified research problem serves as the focus of the study throughout the
entire research problem.
Research/Review of Related Literature
- It requires preliminary survey of related literature by reading several of
publications and surfing the internet.
- Making information and gather background information about the problem.
- Avoid duplication
Formulating Hypothesis
- an educated guess
- It serves as a tentative solution to the problem prior to any experimentation.
- It is a tentative answer to a research question or problem that need to be
tested.
Actual Experimentation
- Test the hypothesis by executing the experiments.
- An implementation of the research work plan and design.
- Experiment – generate observations and data.
Results
- Data gathered are organized into tables and graphs before they are analyzed
using statistical methods.
- What do your result tells you?
- Do they prove or disprove the hypothesis?
Conclusion
- Summarizes the significant results of the experiments.
- Conclusion does not only end the research but also suggests future questions
left unanswered in the course of investigation.

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 Keep This in Mind!

Analysis

Identify which step in planning and designing research study do the statement
belong. Write your answer on the space provided.
1.
The vegetables were pounded with the use of mortar and pestle and filtered
through sterilized cheesecloth. The extracts were mixed to the seawater and were
tested with the NeuLog pH and Salinity Logger Sensor to determine the pH and the
Salinity level before applying. The researcher prepared three treatments; (A) 50 mL of
malunggay and 50 mL of seawater. (B) 50 mL Malabar spinach and 50 mL seawater.
(C) 25 mL of malunggay, 25 mL malabar spinach and 50 mL of seawater.

2.
The main objective of this study is to find out the effect of Malunggay (Moringa
oleifera) and Malabar Spinach (Basella alba) extract to the salinity level of seawater
in watering Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill)
3.
Based on the findings, the researcher concluded that Malunggay and Malabar
Spinach can be used in reducing salinity level of seawater for watering Tomato. The
result showed that there is no significant difference in using Malunggay and Malabar
spinach in terms of reducing the salinity level of water for tomato. Treatment B
showed the most effective in watering tomato plant.
4.
According to Munns (2012), salinity occurs through natural or human-induced
processes that result in the accumulation of dissolved salts in the soil water to an
extent that inhibits plant growth. When salt concentration increased, germination of
tomato seed was reduced and the time needed to complete germination lengthened
(Singh, et.al., 2011).
5.
After two (2) weeks, the researcher finalized the measurements.
Characteristics namely, height of the plant (cm), number of leaves, circumference of
the stem (cm) and the number of fruits will be measured. The researcher then
acquired the MEAN of Plants A, B, C and D on the said characteristics from the
acquired results on the final analysis.

6.
There is a significant difference in the varying treatment of Malunggay
(Moringa oleifera) and Malabar Spinach (Basella alba) extract to the salinity level of

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seawater in watering Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill).

Keep This in Mind!

Abstraction and Generalization

A research project involves a systematic, cyclic and dynamic process. The

following are the steps in planning and designing research project: Identification of
Research Problem answers the question “What do you want to know about?”.
Research is gathering background information about the problem. Formulating
Hypothesis It is a tentative answer to a research question or problem that need to
be tested. Actual Experimentation, testing the hypothesis by executing the
experiments. Results answers the question “Do they prove or disprove the
hypothesis?”. Conclusion Summarizes the significant results of the experiments.

Application

Look at least one research study. Use it to supply the data needed.
PROBLEM

RESEARCH

HYPOTHESIS

ACTUAL EXPERIMENT

RESULTS

CONCLUSION

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 Reflect
1. How is research data conducted?

Reinforcement & Enrichment

Conduct a simple experiment using the steps in planning and designing

research study at home.
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___________________________________________________________________
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Assess Your Learning

Instruction: Identify which step of Research process the following statement
belong.

1. The data obtained by gathering the mean to measure the affectivity of the
varying solutions in terms of the Ability to repel termites. To identify the
significant difference of the varying ratios in terms of the Ability to repel
Termite, ANOVA or Analysis of Variance was used with the significant value
of 0.05.
2. Coconut (Cocos nucifera L.) Sap Vinegar, Acacia (Samanea saman) Seed
and Bar Extracts as Coconut Lumber Preservative.
3. According to the findings of the study after conducting the experiment,
coconut sap vinegar is not an effective wood preservative because its acidity
varies on the days it is fermented which affects its ability to prevent termite-
infestation.
4. This study hypothesized that there was no significant difference among the
varying ratios of coconut sap vinegar, acacia seed and bark extracts on the
ability of the coconut lumber to prevent termite infestation after applying the
treatment solutions.
5. Asia has the highest production of coconut lumber since 1991 up to present.
Most Filipinos use coconut lumber for housing, furniture, decorative interior
walls, etc., since it is very abundant and affordable. Cocos nucifera L. or
commonly known as coconut palm is a unique crop because of its many uses
(Subramanian 2002). According to Bailleres and Marino (2010), Coco wood
produce high value flooring products. It meets international standards for
flooring products and accounts for the recognized, specific, local conditions of
the Pacific islands and the production of high value flooring, bench tops, and

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 furniture from senile stems are products of coconut wood which is the source
of income for some farmers.

References

Dahildahil, F.L, Gamala N.F, Magnanao C. (2018) “Coconut (Cocos nucifera L.) Sap
Vinegar, Acacia (Samanea saman) Seed and Bark Extracts as Coconut Lumber
Preservative” (Unpublished Science Investigatory Project) Julio Ledesma
National High School

Gorre, R. (2018) “Research Handbook (A Quick Guide To Scientific Writing”

Marondo, J. M. (2017) Malunggay (Moringa oleifera) and Malabar Spinach (Basella

alba) Extract for Reducing Salinity Level of Seawater in Watering Tomato
(Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) (Unpublished Science Investigatory Project)
Julio Ledesma National High School

Ramos, J.D, Ramos A. C, Sabit M., Badjao J. E, (2017) “ Senior High School:
Capstone Research Project. Phoenix Publishing House..

Online Source
https://www.societyforscience.org/isef/categories-and-subcategories/robotics-
intelligent-machines/
https://www.instructables.com/id/How-to-Conduct-Experiments-Using-the-Scientific-
Me/

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