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18 Array

Arrays allow storing multiple values of the same type together. An array is declared with a type and size, and individual elements are accessed via indexes. Common array operations include initialization, accessing/modifying elements, sorting, summing elements, and finding the largest/smallest values. Loops are used to iterate through arrays to perform these operations.

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Sikander Ghumman
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19 views

18 Array

Arrays allow storing multiple values of the same type together. An array is declared with a type and size, and individual elements are accessed via indexes. Common array operations include initialization, accessing/modifying elements, sorting, summing elements, and finding the largest/smallest values. Loops are used to iterate through arrays to perform these operations.

Uploaded by

Sikander Ghumman
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Programming

Attique Ur Rehman

Arrays
Arrays
An array is a collection of data elements that are of
the same type (e.g., a collection of integers, collection
of characters, collection of doubles).
Arrays
1-dimensional array.

3-dimensional array (3rd dimension is the day).


Oct 14
Oct 15
Oct 16
Array Applications

Given a list of test scores, determine the


maximum and minimum scores.
Read in a list of student names and rearrange
them in alphabetical order (sorting).
Given the height measurements of students in
a class, output the names of those students
who are taller than average.
Array Declaration
Syntax:
<type> <arrayName>[<array_size>]
Ex. int Ar[10];
The array elements are all values of the type <type>.
The size of the array is indicated by <array_size>, the
number of elements in the array.
<array_size> must be an int constant or a constant
expression. Note that an array can have multiple
dimensions.
Array Declaration
// array of 10 uninitialized ints
int Ar[10];

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Ar -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --

0 1 2 3 4 5
Subscripting
Declare an array of 10 integers:
int Ar[10]; // array of 10 ints
To access an individual element we must apply a
subscript to array named Ar.
A subscript is a bracketed expression.
– The expression in the brackets is known as the index.
First element of array has index 0.
Ar[0]
Second element of array has index 1, and so on.
Ar[1], Ar[2], Ar[3],…
Last element has an index one less than the size of the array.
Ar[9]
Incorrect indexing is a common error.
Subscripting
// array of 10 uninitialized ints
int Ar[10];
--
Ar[3] = 1;
int x = Ar[3]; 1 --

-- -- --

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Ar -- -- -- 1 -- -- -- -- -- --
Ar[0] Ar[1] Ar[2] Ar[3] Ar[4] Ar[5] Ar[6] Ar[7] Ar[8]Ar[9]
Subscripting Example 1
//For loop to fill & print a 10-int array
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int main ( ) {
int index, ar[10]; // array for 10 integers
// Read in 10 elements.
cout << "Enter 10 integers: ";
for(index = 0; index < 10; index ++)
cin >> ar[index];
cout << endl;
cout << "The integers are ";
for(index = 0; index < 10; index ++)
cout << ar[index] << " ";
cout << endl;
return 0;
}
Sorting with Arrays: Ex. 2
// Compare and sort three integers
void swap (int&, int&);
int main ( ) {
int ar[3]; // input integers
// Read in three elements.
cout << "Enter three integers: ";
cin >> ar[0] >> ar[1] >> ar[2];
if (ar[0] > ar[1]) swap (ar[0], ar[1]);
if (ar[1] > ar[2]) swap (ar[1], ar[2]);
if (ar[0] > ar[1]) swap (ar[0], ar[1]);
cout << "The sorted integers are " << ar[0]
<<", " << ar[1] << ", " << ar[2]
<< endl;
return 0;
}
Swapping Function: Ex. 2
// Function for swapping two integers
void swap (int& first, int& second) {
int temp;
temp = first;
first = second;
second = temp;
}
Array Element Manipulation Ex. 3

Consider
int Ar[10], i = 7, j = 2, k = 4;
Ar[0] = 1;
Ar[i] = 5;
Ar[j] = Ar[i] + 3;
Ar[j+1] = Ar[i] + Ar[0];
Ar[Ar[j]] = 12;
cin >> Ar[k]; // where the next input value is 3

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Ar 1 -- 8 6 3 -- -- 5 12 --
Ar[0] Ar[1] Ar[2] Ar[3] Ar[4] Ar[5] Ar[6] Ar[7] Ar[8]Ar[9]
Array Initialization Ex. 4
int Ar[10] = {9, 8, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1, 0};
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Ar 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0

Ar[3] = -1;

6 -1

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Ar 9 8 7 -1 5 4 3 2 1 0
Initializing arrays with random
values
The following loop initializes the array myList with random
values between 0 and 99:

for (int i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE; i++)


{
myList[i] = rand() % 100;
}
Program with Arrays
int main()
{
int values[5]= {11,1,3,6,10};
for (int i = 1; i < 5; i++) 0 11
{ 1 1
values[i] = values[i] + values[i-1]; 3
2
}
3 6
values[0] = values[1] + values[4];
10
} 4
Printing arrays
To print an array, you have to print each element in the array
using a loop like the following:

for (int i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE; i++)


{
cout << myList[i] << " ";
}
Copying Arrays
Can you copy array using a syntax like this?
list = myList;

This is not allowed in C++. You have to copy individual


elements from one array to the other as follows:

for (int i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE; i++)


{
list[i] = myList[i];
}
Summing All Elements
Use a variable named total to store the sum. Initially total is
0. Add each element in the array to total using a loop like
this:

double total = 0;
for (int i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE; i++)
{
total += myList[i];
}
Finding the Largest Element

Use a variable named max to store the largest element.


Initially max is myList[0]. To find the largest element in the
array myList, compare each element in myList with max,
update max if the element is greater than max.

double max = myList[0];


for (int i = 1; i < ARRAY_SIZE; i++)
{
if (myList[i] > max) max = myList[i];
}
Finding the smallest index of the
largest element
double max = myList[0];
int indexOfMax = 0;
for (int i = 1; i < ARRAY_SIZE; i++)
{
if (myList[i] > max)
{
max = myList[i];
indexOfMax = i;
}
}

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