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Tutorial 42, Types of Covalent Bond

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28 views7 pages

Tutorial 42, Types of Covalent Bond

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DYES Motion Graphics
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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TUTORIAL 42

UNIT 4

Chemical Bonding And


Molecular Structure
Content: TYPES OF COVALENT BONDS

By S.J.C
ORBITAL OVERLAP CONCEPT OF COVALENT BOND:
• A covalent bond is formed by the partial overlap of two half filled atomic
orbitals containing electrons with opposite spins.
• For example, formation of hydrogen molecule:
TYPES OF COVALENT BOND:
• Depending upon the types of overlapping of atomic orbitals, covalent bonds
are of two types:
a) Sigma bond (σ-bond)
b) Pi bond(π-bond)

❖Sigma bond (σ-bond): When a covalent bond is formed by overlapping of atomic


orbitals along the internuclear direction (head-to-head or end-to-end overlap), the
covalent bond is called a sigma bond.
❖Three types of overlapping gives sigma bond:
a) s-s overlapping
b) s-p overlapping
c) p-p overlapping
POSSIBLE OVERLAPPING:

s-s overlapping

Molecular orbital

s-p overlapping

Molecular orbital

p-p overlapping
Molecular orbital
FORBIDDEN OVERLAPPING:

s-p overlapping

p-p overlapping
❖Pi-bond(π-bond): When a covalent bond is formed by overlapping of atomic orbitals
in a direction right angle (90°) to the internuclear direction (side-by-side overlap),
the covalent bond is called a pi bond.
❖Pi bonds are formed by side-by-side overlapping of p-orbitals:

Molecular orbital

Molecular orbital
• For example nitrogen molecule(N2):
Electronic configuration of 7N=1s22s22p3
Outermost shell

Electron box diagram:


1s 2s 2px 2py 2pz

Half-filled orbitals

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