MODULE

INFORMATION AND COMPUTER

TECHNOLOGY (ICT) G8

INTERNET AND COMPUTING FUNDAMENTALS

The Strengthened Technical-Vocational Education Program
1|P age
 How to Use this Module……………………………………………………… . 1

Introduction ..................................................................................................... ii

Technical Terms .............................................................................................. iii

Pre-Test

Learning Outcome 1 Recognize the Different Types of Computer ..................... 6

Information Sheet 1.1 ............................................................................. 7
Self Check 1.1 ....................................................................................... 10
Information Sheet 1.2 ........................................................................... 12
Self check.............................................................................................. 16
Information sheet 2.2 ........................................................................... 17

Self Check 2.2 ................................................................................................ 19

Information Sheet 2.3 .................................................................................... 20

Self-Check 2.3 ............................................................................................... 23

Information Sheet 2.4 .................................................................................... 24

Self Check 2.4 ............................................................................................... 28

Information Sheet 2.5. ................................................................................... 29

Information Sheet 2.6 .................................................................................... 31

Information Sheet 2.7 .................................................................................... 37

Self Check 2.5 ................................................................................................ 40

Operation Sheet 2.1 ....................................................................................... 41

Learning Outcome 3 ....................................................................................... 42

Information Sheet 3.1 .................................................................................... 44

Information Sheet 3.2 .................................................................................... 46

Self Check 3.1 ................................................................................................ 49

Answer Keys .................................................................................................. 50

INTERNET AND COMPUTING FUNDAMENTALS

The Strengthened Technical-Vocational Education Program
2|P age
 This Module “Learning the Basics of Computers” contains information sheets,
activity sheets and assessment guides for you to complete.

The unit of competency “Learn the Basics of Computers” contains knowledge, skills
and attitudes required for a Internet and Computing Core Certification ( IC3).
This module covers the knowledge, skills and attitude required in learning the
computer basics. It is composed of two major sections: (1) Recognizing Computers and (2)
Using Windows XP to facilitate a comprehensible understanding for the students. The first
section, Recognizing Computers tackles the individual component of Personal Computers.
The second section, Using Windows XP focuses on developing and enhancing students’ skills
and knowledge about computers.

You are required to go through a series of learning activities in order to complete

each of the learning outcomes of the module. In each learning outcome, there are
Information Sheets, Activity Sheets and Assessments. Do these activities on your own and
answer the Self-Check at the end of each learning activity.

If you have questions, don’t hesitate to ask your teacher for assistance.

Recognition of Prior Learning (RPL)

You may already have some of the knowledge and skills covered in this module
because:
o you have been using computer for research, study and entertainment ; or
o computer is already included in the elementary curriculum.

If the knowledge and skills you acquired are still current and relevant to this module,
they may become part of the evidence you can present for RPL. If you are not sure about the
current level of your skills, discuss it with your teacher.

After completing this module, ask your teacher to assess your competency. Results
of your assessment will be recorded in your competency profile.

INTERNET AND COMPUTING FUNDAMENTALS

The Strengthened Technical-Vocational Education Program
3|P age
 Program/ Course: Internet and Computing Fundamentals
Unit of Competency: Learn the Basics of Computer
Module: Learning the Basics of Computer

INTRODUCTION:

This module contains information and suggested learning activities on Internet and
Computing Fundamentals (ICF). It includes instructional materials and activities for you to
complete.

Completion of this module will help you better understand the succeeding modules
on Internet and Computing Fundamentals.

This module consists of thirteen (13) learning outcomes. Each learning outcome contains
learning activities supported by each information sheets. Read the information sheets and answer
the self-check provided to measure whether you have mastered the knowledge needed before
performing the activities for each learning outcome.

Upon completion of this module, report to your teacher for assessment to check your
mastery of the skills. If you pass the assessment, you will be ready for the next module.

SUMMARY OF LEARNING OUTCOMES:

Upon completion of this module, the students should be able to:

LO 1. recognize the different types of computer;

LO 2. identify the types and purposes of input devices;
LO 3. identify the parts and functions of processing device;
LO 4. identify the types and purpose of output devices;
LO 5. identify the types and purpose of storage devices;
LO 6. identify the types and purposes of software;

ASSESSMENT CRITERIA:

Refer to assessment criteria of learning outcomes 1-13 of this module.

PRE-REQUISITES:
None

INTERNET AND COMPUTING FUNDAMENTALS

The Strengthened Technical-Vocational Education Program
4|P age
 Administrator - conventional name of the user who has all rights or permissions to
all files and programs

back-up - refer to making copies of data so that these additional copies may
be used to restore the original after a data loss event

directory - a virtual container within a digital file system, in which groups

of computer files and other folders can be kept and organized

integrated circuit - also known as IC, microcircuit, microchip, silicon chip, or chip

- a miniaturized electronic circuit (consisting mainly of semi-

conductor devices, as well as passive components) that has been
manufactured in the surface of a thin substrate of semi-
conductor material

malware - a program that attaches itself to a computer, sometimes disguised

as a legitimate program which one might download and sometimes
downloads itself automatically when the computer user hits a
malicious website

novice -a person new to a field or activity; a beginner

RUN command -used to start a program by typing or browsing the executable

command

screensaver -a program that replaces the desktop view with pictures or animation
if the computer remains inactive for some time

Show Desktop -an icon that appears as a button on the taskbar

tab - an extra part of the sheet where you can put a pile of files

theme -predefined set of icons, fonts, color, sounds and other window
elements that give the desktop an organized and distinctive look

user -a person who uses a computer or Internet service

wallpaper -background design of the desktop

INTERNET AND COMPUTING FUNDAMENTALS

The Strengthened Technical-Vocational Education Program
5|P age
 Directions: Choice the letter of the correct answer/s. Write your answer/s on a separate
sheet of paper.

1. Which of the following are input devices? Select three.

a. Digital camera
b. Mouse
c. Printer
d. Scanner
e. Speakers
f. Video card
2. Which of the following is not word processing software?
a. WordStar
b. MS Word
c. WordPad
d. WordNote
3. If you want to send e-mail to your friend, what application should you use?
a. Excel
b. Outlook
c. PowerPoint
d. Word
4. Which of the following functions is performed by computer’s CPU?
a. Provide different voltage power to hardware components.
b. Storing information while the computer is powered down.
c. Performing all internal calculations.
d. Displaying information to the user.
5. Which of the following hardware specifications indicate that the computer is out
dated?
a. 4 GHz processor
b. Wi-Fi
c. 16 MB of RAM
d. 160 GB Hard drive
6. Which of the following are considered internal components of a computer? Select
three.
a. CPU
b. Mouse
c. Keyboard
d. Motherboard
INTERNET AND COMPUTING FUNDAMENTALS
The Strengthened Technical-Vocational Education Program
6|P age
 e. Printer
f. Video Card

7. What will change most about your computer performance after increasing the
amount of RAM? Select two.
a. Some software applications will run faster.
b. You will be able to run more programs simultaneously.
c. You will be able to save more files and larger files
d. You will be able to download files from the Internet more quickly.
8. Which of the following files will install a certain program when double-clicked?

a. c. d.
b.
Setup.xls Setup.mdb Setup.doc
Setup.exe
9. Encircle the USB ports in the picture.

10. What is the first step in troubleshooting your computer when it fails to boot after
turning it on?
a. Check if the power cord is plugged into an outlet.
b. Detach the microprocessor.
c. Flip or press the power switch ten times rapidly.
d. Remove the power supply.
11. Windows Explorer provides a graphical view of:
a. Binary registry entries.
b. The World Wide Web.
c. The file and folder structure.
d. User account permissions.
12. When installing Microsoft Office applications, which one of the following programs
is not typically included?
a. MS Access
b. MS Excel
c. MS Producer
d. MS Outlook

INTERNET AND COMPUTING FUNDAMENTALS

The Strengthened Technical-Vocational Education Program
7|P age
 13. To be considered part of a centralized data processing system, client terminals must
be connected to?
a. Ethernet Hub
b. Mainframe or minicomputer
c. Modem
d. Supercomputer
14. When buying a new computer, which of the following software packages are most
commonly bundled with?
a. Gaming software
b. Operating System
c. 3D Graphic Design applications
d. Programming Software
15. What should you do first if you accidentally delete a file?
a. Call a technician.
b. Contact a data recovery.
c. Format your hard drive.
d. Restore the file from the Recycle Bin.

INTERNET AND COMPUTING FUNDAMENTALS

The Strengthened Technical-Vocational Education Program
8|P age
 ASSESSMENT CRITERIA

1. Types of computers are identified according to size, performance and purpose;

and
2. Types of microcomputers are identified, explained and differentiated.

CONTENTS

Identifying the types of computers according to size, performance and purpose

Identifying and explaining the different types of microcomputers

REFERENCES:

Innovative Training Works, Inc. Partners in Learning PC Operations Certification Training. The
Philippines: Microsoft Philippines and Department Education. © 2007
Andres, Antonio M. Introduction to Computer. The Philippines: World Class Printing and
Packaging
Baekman, George. Computer Confluence. 6th Edition
http://encyclopedia.stateuniversity.com/pages/14138/mainframe-computer.html#ixzz0QHWZCiUC
imagine.gsfc.nasa.gov/.../news/10may06.html
http://www.freefoto.com/browse/?page=3&query=computer&
http://office.microsoft.com/en-us/clipart/download.aspx
http://computerlanguage.com
http://www.indianceleb.com/infopedia/computing/centralized-data-processing-system-articl
http://wiki.answers.com/Q/What_is_the_difference_between_centralized_data_processing_and_
distributed_data_processing&src=ansTT
http://www.webopedia.com/TERM/S/supercomputer.html
http://www.webopedia.com/TERM/m/mainframe.html
http://www.k-grayengineeringeducation.com/blog/index.php/2009/03/13/engineering-education-
today-in-history-pdp-11-minicomputer-introduced-2/
http://www.webopedia.com/TERM/m/minicomputer.html
http://www.oppapers.com/essays/Mainframes-Personal-Computers/69108
http://onlinedictionary.datasegment.com/word/minicomputer
http://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/floating-point-operations-per-second-Flops.html#
http://www.tech-news.com/another/ap200710b.html
portal.acm.org/ft_gateway.cfm?id=1074606&type=pdf
http://encyclopedia.farlex.com/CPU+clock+rate
http://ivythesis.typepad.com/term_paper_topics/2009/08/the-difference-between-macintosh-
and-windows.html
http://www.webopedia.com/TERM/p/personal_computer.html

INTERNET AND COMPUTING FUNDAMENTALS

The Strengthened Technical-Vocational Education Program
9|P age
 INFORMATION SHEET 1.1
Computers can be found everywhere – at home, in mall
and supermarket or even at school. But first, let us define the
term computer.

What is a computer?

The word computer literally means to compute or to Fig. 1.0 An example of a computer
calculate. Computer is a general term for electronic devices which process data to generate
the desired information. The flowchart below shows how a computer works.

Input Process Output

Storage

Illustration 1.0 How a Computer Works

A device may be called as computer if it is capable of accepting data (the one user
inputs), can process that data arithmetically and logically, and can produce information (the
output of the computer). It is an additional point if the device can store the results for future
use.

These days, technology advances and computers revolutionized into wide range of
types and classes from as small as a chip to as large as supercomputers. Computers vary in
size, shape and purpose that is why a computer used in hospital is different from that used
in home. For further information, you may surf the internet for other examples of
computers. A wide range of different types of computer is categorized as follows:

INTERNET AND COMPUTING FUNDAMENTALS

The Strengthened Technical-Vocational Education Program
10 | P a g e
 Types of Computers

1. Supercomputer

Fig. 1-1 – An example of a supercomputer is called the

Columbia Supercomputer at NASA's Advanced
Supercomputing Facility at Ames Research Centre.

Credit: Tower, NASA

A supercomputer is the fastest and very expensive type of computer.

Generally it occupies one floor of a building to install all the nodes or components
of the supercomputer.

Computer is generally measured on its performance in FLOPS or Floating Point

Operations per Second. Usually supercomputers have a performance rate of
teraflops or trillion of FLOPS. As an example, the Columbia Supercomputer of
NASA as shown above runs at 51.87 teraflops or 51.87 trillion floating point
calculations per second.

The uses of supercomputers include weather forecasting, creating animated

graphics, fluid dynamic calculations, nuclear energy research, and petroleum
exploration.

Supercomputer runs few programs that enabled it to execute programs as fast as

possible.

INTERNET AND COMPUTING FUNDAMENTALS

The Strengthened Technical-Vocational Education Program
11 | P a g e
 2. Mainframe Computer

Fig. 1.2 Examples of Mainframe computers

Mainframe computers are very large and expensive computer capable of supporting
hundreds, or even thousands, of users simultaneously.

Generally, they are as large as the size of the room of the building.

Mainframe computer has a performance rate measured in billion of flops or

gigaflops. For example, the IBM’s Power z9 mainframe runs at more than 1.7
gigahertz (GHz) clock rate or 1.7 billion of flops.

They are mainly used for banking transaction processing, for ATM processing and for
large programs which run for months.

Mainframe computer uses its power to execute many programs at the same time.

Now read this…

A banking system with Automated Teller Machine (ATM) uses

mainframe to centralize its system. The mainframe serves as the
central computer that serves a lot of banking transactions including
checking of account balances deposits, and withdrawals all over the
country. It keeps up data to all on-going and completed transactions,
while there are terminals (workstation, personal computer, or a kiosk)
on the branches located at the different places around the country
which users access for their account balance inquiry, deposit or
withdrawals and printing of the results.

INTERNET AND COMPUTING FUNDAMENTALS

The Strengthened Technical-Vocational Education Program
12 | P a g e
 3. Minicomputer

Fig. 1.3 The PDP-11/20 was

the first minicomputer.

A minicomputer is a middle-sized computer in terms of size and power. It is faster

and has a greater capacity than a microcomputer but is slower and has less capacity
than a mainframe computer. Nowadays, minicomputers are merely obsolete.
Microcomputers had surpassed their performance that most companies, industries
and schools use microcomputers instead in data processing.

It is typically about the size and shape of a closet, mounted in a single tall rack.

Minicomputers are measured in million of flops or megaflops. Previously, the

minicomputers usually have a clock rate of 4 to 40 megahertz (MHz).

A minicomputer is a multiprocessing system capable of supporting from 4 to about

200 users simultaneously.

4. Microcomputer

Fig. 1.4 A typical Personal Computer

Microcomputer is generally a synonym for the personal computer or PC which is a

computer designed for an individual. It has a microprocessor chip called the central
processing unit (CPU).

INTERNET AND COMPUTING FUNDAMENTALS

The Strengthened Technical-Vocational Education Program
13 | P a g e
 It can be as small as a regular typewriter that can be placed on a desk or on a person’s
lap or as small as a wallet that can be inserted inside your pocket.

Microcomputers commonly have a clock rate from 8 MHz to 3 GHz.

Microcomputer typically used at home, at school, or in business. They use it for word
processing, accounting, desktop publishing, surfing the web, database management,
editing photographs, creating graphics and playing music or games.

Embedded Computers

There are a lot of electronic devices we use in our everyday lives. Calculators,
phones, DVD players, remote controls, TVs, and microwaves are some examples of these.
These electronic devices contain microprocessor chips that made them as special-purpose
computers called embedded computers. Embedded computers are computers integrated
into the design of the device and run programs to control the equipment and optimize their
performance.

Fig. 1.5 Examples of devices with embedded computers

INTERNET AND COMPUTING FUNDAMENTALS

The Strengthened Technical-Vocational Education Program
14 | P a g e
 Directions: On a separate sheet of paper, copy the table below. Fill-in the table with what
is being asked.

A B

D
C

Computer Type Size Performance Purpose

(in FLOPS)

A.

B.

C.

D.

INTERNET AND COMPUTING FUNDAMENTALS

The Strengthened Technical-Vocational Education Program
15 | P a g e
 Directions: Choose the appropriate word or group of words from the box with what is
being described on the following statements.

Supercomputer Minicomputer

Mainframe computer Microcomputer

Embedded computer

_________1. This type of computer is faster and has a greater capacity than a
microcomputer but is slower and has less capacity than a mainframe
computer.

_________2. This type of computer has a performance rate of teraflops.

_________3. This type of computer is used for word processing, accounting, desktop
publishing, surfing the web, database management, editing photographs,
creating graphics and playing music or games.

_________4. This computer is integrated into the design of the device and run programs
to control the equipment.

_________5. It is the fastest and very expensive type of computer.

_________6. This type of computer is mainly used for banking transaction processing.

_________7. It is typically about the size and shape of a closet, mounted in a single tall
rack.

_________8. This computer is designed for an individual.

_________9. Examples of this type of computer are home appliances.

_________10. It supports hundreds or even thousands of users simultaneously.

INTERNET AND COMPUTING FUNDAMENTALS

The Strengthened Technical-Vocational Education Program
16 | P a g e
 INFORMATION SHEET 1.2
The term microcomputer is synonymous with a personal computer (PC), or a
computer that depends on a microprocessor. Microcomputers are designed to be used by
individuals, whether in the form of PCs, workstations or notebook computers. A
microcomputer contains a central processing unit (CPU), the microprocessor, a memory
system like the read-only memory (ROM) and random access memory (RAM), a bus system
and input/output (I/O) ports, typically housed in a motherboard.

Types of Microcomputers

Handheld computers
o are also called personal digital assistants (PDAs) and
battery powered computers
o are less powerful than desktops or laptops
o are ideal for scheduling appointments, storing
addresses and phone numbers, and playing games using
the user’s finger or a stylus (a pen-shaped printing tool)
Tablet PCs Fig. 1.6 Handheld computer
o are powerful mobile PCs
o allow users to write notes or draw picture on
its screen using a tablet pen and convert
user’s handwriting into a typed text
o a built-in screen that swivels and unfolds to
reveal a keyboard underneath
Laptops or notebooks Fig. 1.7 Tablet PC
o are thought to be the most popular
computer
o operate on batteries or with electricity and
combine the CPU, screen, and keyboard in a single
case
o have LCD screen that can fold down if it is not in
use
Fig. 1.8 A laptop
o are as powerful as desktop computers
o permit users to write their homework, research work, and term papers
while commuting on the bus or train or travelling on a plane

INTERNET AND COMPUTING FUNDAMENTALS

The Strengthened Technical-Vocational Education Program
17 | P a g e
 Macintosh Computers (MACs)
o are popular models of computer made by Apple
Computer.

o use graphical user interface (GUI) that utilizes

windows, icons, and a mouse to make it relatively
easy for novices to use the computer productively.
Fig. 1.9 Mac Computer
o are better computers for audio, video, and graphic designing and editing.

Desktop/Personal Computers (PCs)

o are designed for use at a desk or table and run with
Windows operating system designed by Microsoft
Corporation

o are typically larger and more powerful than other types

of microcomputers like Macintosh computers Fig. 1.10 Desktop
Computer
o are made up of components such as the system unit, monitor, mouse and
keyboard

o used for word processing, accounting, desktop publishing, and for

running spreadsheet and database management applications, playing
games and surfing the internet

Now read this…

Personal computers first appeared in the late 1970s as kits assembled

called the Micro Instrumentation Telemetry Systems (MITS) Altair 8800
microcomputer which was known as the first home computer.

INTERNET AND COMPUTING FUNDAMENTALS

The Strengthened Technical-Vocational Education Program
18 | P a g e
 Directions: Picture Portrait. Look at the pictures below. On a separate sheet of paper, fill in the
description for each type of computer.

I am a __________ which is also called a personal digital

assistant.

1. I am __________ powerful than desktops or laptops.

I am ideal for __________ appointments, __________ addresses

and phone numbers, and __________ games.

I am a __________ which is a mobile PC.

I have screen that __________ and __________ to reveal a

2. keyboard underneath.

I can convert your handwriting into __________.

I am a __________ which is thought to be the most popular

computer as of today.

I have screen which is a(n) __________ display that can be folded

3.
down if it will not in use.

I am useful for doing homework, research work, and term papers

while __________ on the bus or train or __________ on a plane.

INTERNET AND COMPUTING FUNDAMENTALS

The Strengthened Technical-Vocational Education Program
19 | P a g e
 I am a __________ which is made by Apple Computer.

4. I have a GUI interface that utilizes __________, __________, and

a __________.

I am a better computer for __________, __________, and

__________ designing and editing.

I am a __________ which runs with Windows operating system

designed by Microsoft Corporation.

I am made up of components such as the __________

__________, __________, ___________ and __________.
5.
I am used by industries and schools for _________, __________,
_________, and for running __________ and __________
management applications, playing games and surfing the
internet.

INTERNET AND COMPUTING FUNDAMENTALS

The Strengthened Technical-Vocational Education Program
20 | P a g e
 Directions: Complete the descriptions of the different types of microcomputers by filling
in the blanks with appropriate answers. Choose from the types of
microcomputers written inside the boxes opposite the descriptions. Write
the answer on a separate sheet of paper.

Microcomputer according to the pointing device

Types of Microcomputers
used:

1. The __________ uses a tablet pen. Handheld computer

2. The __________ uses a stylus. Tablet PC

Microcomputer according to its feature:

3. The __________ has a screen that swivels and Laptop

unfolds to reveal a keyboard.

4. The __________ has a screen that can be

Tablet PC
folded down if it is not in use.

Microcomputer according to the manufacturer:

5. The __________ is made by Apple Computer. Macintosh

6. The __________ has a Windows operating
system designed by Microsoft. Personal Computer

Microcomputer according to components:

7. The __________ is made of components such

as the system unit, monitor, mouse and Laptop
keyboard.

8. The __________ combines the CPU, screen Personal Computer

and keyboard in a single case.

Microcomputer according to usage:

9. The _________ allows users to write notes or

Tablet PC
draw picture on its screen.

10. The __________allows users to schedule

appointments, store addresses and phone Handheld computer
numbers and play games.

INTERNET AND COMPUTING FUNDAMENTALS

The Strengthened Technical-Vocational Education Program
21 | P a g e
 ASSESSMENT CRITERIA:

1. Basic input devices are distinguished and explained; and

2. Specialized input devices are determined.

CONTENTS:

Distinguishing and explaining basic input devices

Determining specialized input devices

REFERENCES:

Innovative Training Works, Inc. Partners in Learning PC Operations Certification Training. The
Philippines: Microsoft Philippines and Department Education. © 2007

Andres, Antonio M. Introduction to Computer. The Philippines: World Class Printing and
Packaging

Windows Vista Help

http://www.cheap-computers-guide.com/what-is-a-computer-mouse.html

www.wikimedia.com

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Webcam accessed last October 6, 2009

http://www.sciencedaily.com/articles/w/webcam.htm accessed last October 6, 2009

www.fotosearch.com – microphone pic

http://office.microsoft.com/en-us/clipart/download.aspx

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graphics_tablet

INTERNET AND COMPUTING FUNDAMENTALS

The Strengthened Technical-Vocational Education Program
22 | P a g e
 INFORMATION SHEET 2.1

Computer system is composed of two (2) components: the hardware and the
software.

Hardware – the physical components of the computer system such as monitor,

keyboard, mouse and the like

Software – a list of instructions a computer needed to run programs such as

Microsoft Windows XP, Adobe Photoshop, and Microsoft Word

Hardware Software

Fig. 2.0 Pictures of different hardware and software

Your computer hardware consists of the devices within the case of the computer
itself, and any peripheral or external devices that are connected to the computer.

Now let us focus on the personal computer (PC). The PC has four (4) types of devices
that work together to produce results namely the input, processing, storage, and output
devices:

INPUT DEVICES. These refer to equipment or devices that interact with the computer
because they accept instructions from the users. There are two (2) basic input devices
which are commonly used in personal computers, the keyboard and the mouse.

Basic Input Devices

A. Keyboard

- an external device that sends its signals to the computer via a long wire or sensor for
the wireless keyboards

- used to enter data into the computer, as you type the contents of a research work

INTERNET AND COMPUTING FUNDAMENTALS

The Strengthened Technical-Vocational Education Program
23 | P a g e
 - also used to type commands directing the computer to perform certain actions

- the standard layout of letters, numbers, and punctuation is known as a QWERTY

keyboard because the first six keys on the top row of letters spell QWERTY.

- Keyboard has five (5) main parts namely:

Alphanumeric Keys
Functions Keys Special Keys
Numeric Keypad

Arrow Keys
Fig. 2.1 A typical keyboard and its major parts

1. Alphanumeric keys – keys of letters and numbers

2. Numeric keypad – a calculator-like at the right side of the keyboard
3. Functions keys – have different meanings and functions depending on which program
is running
4. Arrow keys – are used for moving the cursor or insertion point right, left, up or down
5. Special keys – produced no character once pressed but can take affect a certain
command for a program (See Appendix LO 2.1 for the functions of the different special
keys.)

B. Mouse

- a pointing device which sits on your work surface and is held

and moved with your hand

- control the mouse pointers (the arrow on the screen) allowing

you to freely navigate different objects around the screen
Fig. 2.1 Two-button mouse
- with scroll wheel and a
wireless mouse
The parts of mouse include:

1. Left Mouse Button – frequently used button

2. Right Mouse Button - occasionally used button for special actions
3. Scroll Wheel – used to move up or down the display screen, equivalent to using the
Page Up or Page Down keys on your keyboard or to clicking the scroll bar
4. Palm Rest – where your palm should rest

INTERNET AND COMPUTING FUNDAMENTALS

The Strengthened Technical-Vocational Education Program
24 | P a g e
 New released software increased its features; thus, there is a need for specialized
input devices for such applications. Moreover, the devices you are going to use will depend
on the form of data they can accept (be it text, sound, artwork, etc.).

Specialized Input Devices

A. Glidepad/Touchpad
o a touch-sensitive pad that acts like a computer
mouse that moves the mouse pointer or cursor
with the use of a finger

Fig. 2.2 Glidepad

B. Game controllers
o used for gaming purposes allowing the user to
control the different characters on specific
games. A joystick is an example.
Fig. 2.3 A joystick
C. Touchscreen
o a computer display that is sensitive to pressure
making it possible for the user to send
commands by touching pictures or words on
the screen, such as PDA’s (personal digital
assistants), ATM's, car navigation screens, cell Fig. 2.4 Touch screen
phones, gaming consoles and other types of
appliances that require you to input and
receive information

D. Scanner
o an electronic device which converts pictures or
printed text into digital format allowing the
Fig. 2.5 Flatbed
user to modify and improve the picture using Scanner
the computer like flatbed scanner
E. Digital Camera
o small and portable device designed to capture
and store pictures in digital format
Fig. 2.6 Digital
camera

INTERNET AND COMPUTING FUNDAMENTALS

The Strengthened Technical-Vocational Education Program
25 | P a g e
 F. Barcode Reader/Barcode Scanner/Point-of-Sale
Scanner
o an electronic device for reading printed
barcodes from the item bought and is often
used in check-out counters at supermarkets,
Fig. 2.7 A typical handheld
convenience store, or malls to automatically
barcode scanner
list the price of the purchased item
G. Trackball/Thumb mouse
o looks like an inverted mouse since the ball is
located at the top of the device and is rotated Fig. 2.8 A trackball
by using the finger to control the pointer on a
computer screen; therefore, it remains
stationary
H. Remote control
o often used to control a device by sending radio
or infrared signals over short distances. A good
example of this is the remote control unit of
your television Fig. 2.9 Remote
control

I. Microphone
o an input device in which sound energy (an
analog signal) is changed into electrical energy
(a digital signal) used in sending or recording
sound like your voice Fig. 2.10 A microphone
J. Web camera/Web cam
o a device that enables the users to view
themselves over the internet allowing them to
be seen simultaneously by their relatives or
friends abroad or to other places like during
chatting and videoconferencing Fig. 2.11 A web camera

K. Graphics tablet/Digitizing tablet

o consists of a flat surface and an attached stylus
allowing the user to hand-draw images and
graphics. Examples are the graphics tablet
used for capturing handwritten signatures or
for drawing animé characters. Fig. 2.12 Graphics tablet

INTERNET AND COMPUTING FUNDAMENTALS

The Strengthened Technical-Vocational Education Program
26 | P a g e
 A. Directions: Copy the tree diagram on a separate sheet of paper. Fill in each type of
electronic device with the appropriate examples by choosing from the pool
of words written inside the box above the diagram.

EXAMPLES OF ELECTRONIC DEVICES

Glide pad Monitor Touch screen
Scanner Plotter Digital camera
Barcode reader CPU Remote control
Microphone Keyboard LCD Projector
Printer Mouse Speaker
Trackball Heat sensor Headphones

TREE DIAGRAM

TYPES OF ELECTRONIC DEVICES

Basic Input Devices Specialized Input Devices Other Devices

INTERNET AND COMPUTING FUNDAMENTALS

The Strengthened Technical-Vocational Education Program
27 | P a g e
 Directions: Match the description in column A with the appropriate input device in
column B. Write the letter of your answer on a separate sheet of paper.

Column A Column B
1. It is a touch-sensitive pad acts like a computer a.
mouse that tracks the touch of a finger.

Joystick
2. It is used for gaming purposes allowing the user b.
to control the different characters on specific
games. Barcode Reader

3. It is a computer display that is sensitive to c.

pressure making it possible for the user to send
commands by touching pictures or words on the
screen. Trackball

4. It is an electronic device which converts pictures d.

or printed text into digital format allowing the
user to modify and improve the picture using the
computer.

Glidepad
5. It is a device that enables the users to view e.
themselves over the internet allowing them to be
seen simultaneously by their relatives or friends
Digital camera
abroad or to other places.
6. It is small and portable device designed to capture f.
and store pictures in digital format.

Microphone

INTERNET AND COMPUTING FUNDAMENTALS

The Strengthened Technical-Vocational Education Program
28 | P a g e
 7. It is an electronic device for reading printed g.
barcodes from the item bought.

Web camera
8. It looks like an inverted mouse since the ball is h.
located at the top of the device and is rotated by
using the finger to control the pointer on a
computer screen.

Graphics tablet
9. It consists of a flat surface and an attached stylus i.
allowing the user to hand-draw images and
graphics.
Scanner
10. It is an input device in which sound energy (an j.
analog signal) is changed into electrical energy (a
digital signal) used in sending or recording sound
like your voice.
Touch screen
k.

Remote control

INTERNET AND COMPUTING FUNDAMENTALS

The Strengthened Technical-Vocational Education Program
29 | P a g e
 ASSESSMENT CRITERIA:

1. Components and purposes of the internal parts of the system unit are
recognized.
2. The roles of the central processing unit are discussed.
3. The speed of the microprocessor is measured.
4. The role of Random Access Memory (RAM) in processing data is explained.
5. Ports that connect the input and output devices to a computer are utilized.

CONTENTS:

Recognizing the components and purposes of the internal parts of the system
unit
Discussing the roles of the central processing unit
Measuring the speed of the microprocessor
Explaining the role of Random Access Memory (RAM) in processing data
Utilizing the ports that connect the input and output devices to a computer

REFERENCES:

Innovative Training Works, Inc. Partners in Learning PC Operations Certification Training. The
Philippines: Microsoft Philippines and Department Education. © 2007

Andres, Antonio M. Introduction to Computer. The Philippines: World Class Printing and
Packaging
http://computer.howstuffworks.com
http://images.google.com.ph/imgres?imgurl=http://www.serversupply.com/images/item/97149.jp
g&imgrefurl=http://www.serversupply.com/INTEL/NETWORKING/NETWORK%2520INTERFA
CE%2520CARD%2520(NIC)/2%2520PORT/PWLA8492MT.htm&usg=__A_AzI1JLJKH5nhUxB2x
5Ct096W8=&h=316&w=527&sz=23&hl=tl&start=126&um=1&tbnid=2beS7C6x7JuIcM:&tbn
h=79&tbnw=132&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dnetwork%2Binterface%2Bcard%26ndsp%3D18%2
6hl%3Dtl%26sa%3DN%26start%3D108%26um%3D1
dictionary.die.net/data%20bus
http://www.processorspeed.net/
http://support.axiolearning.org/kyc-desktop-back-power.php

INTERNET AND COMPUTING FUNDAMENTALS

The Strengthened Technical-Vocational Education Program
30 | P a g e
 INFORMATION SHEET 3.1

The central processing unit (CPU) is the main processing component of a computer
system that processes data. It is found inside the system unit which serve as our processing
device.

The system unit has two sets of parts:

a. External Parts – parts that are found outside the System Unit
b. Internal Parts – parts that are found inside the System Unit

Fig. 3.0 A system unit

External Parts

LED Switch –
CD ROM Drive –
These are the
This is where
lights in front of
the compact
the System Unit.
disk is inserted.
Reset Switch –
Floppy Disk Drive
This restarts the
– This is where
computer
the floppy disk is
without turning
inserted.
it off.
Casing – This is a
cover that protects Power Switch –
the internal parts This switches
of the system unit. the computer on
and off.

Fig. 3.1 Front panel of system unit

INTERNET AND COMPUTING FUNDAMENTALS

The Strengthened Technical-Vocational Education Program
31 | P a g e
 Internal Parts

- Power Supply

- provides power to the computer by converting

the standard voltage of your ordinary outlet into
either 5 or 12 volt DC for the various parts of your
computer like the hard disk drives, CD-ROM Fig. 3.2 Power Supply
drives, motherboard, fans, etc.
B. Fan

- keeps the microprocessor, power supply and

system unit from overheating by taking in cool air
and blowing out the hot air. This CPU fan is
located usually at the top of the CPU itself.

Fig. 3.3 CPU Fan

C. Video Card

- an adapter card used in processing and displaying

information for the monitor.
Fig. 3.4 Video card

Integrated Circuit
Memory Slots

Data Bus AGP

CPU Socket PCI Slots

Fig. 3.5 A motherboard with some of its important components

D. Motherboard
- the circuit board that includes all of the necessary chips and slots to make the
computer run (See Appendix LO3.1 for the common components of motherboard
shown above.)

INTERNET AND COMPUTING FUNDAMENTALS

The Strengthened Technical-Vocational Education Program
32 | P a g e
 E. Hard Disk Drive

- contains magnetic platters within a sealed case

which acts as storage area of the computer that
stores the operating system and other data Fig. 3.6 Hard disk

F. Floppy Disk Drive

- reads and writes data onto a 3 ½ floppy disk
much in the same way as a hard disk drive but
is slower and with much less capacity
Fig. 3.7 Floppy disk drive

G. Compact Disk (CD) ROM Drive

- designed to read optical disks

Fig. 3.8 CD-ROM Drive

H. Random Access Memory

- the CPU’s short term memory. Data stored in

RAM can be accessed very quickly, but it Fig. 3.9 RAM Module
disappears when the power is turned off.

I. Network Interface Card

- used to allow computers to communicate over
a computer network.

Fig. 3.10 Network Interface Card

J. Central Processing Unit (CPU)

- also called the microprocessor which processes

instructions to perform specific tasks initiated
by the user
Fig. 3.11 CPU

INTERNET AND COMPUTING FUNDAMENTALS

The Strengthened Technical-Vocational Education Program
33 | P a g e
 Directions: Given are the internal parts of the system unit included on the multi-flow
map. Copy the multi-flow map and fill-in the purposes of the internal parts
indicated on each of the box. One point is given for each box.

VIDEO CARD
HARD DISK DRIVE
__________________
__________________
__________________
__________________
__________________
__________________

CD-ROM DRIVE COMPUTER

__________________ INTERNAL PARTS FAN_____________
__________________ ________________
OF THE SYSTEM
__________________ ________________
UNIT
________________

MOTHERBOARD
CPU
__________________
__________________
__________________
__________________
__________________
__________________

INTERNET AND COMPUTING FUNDAMENTALS

The Strengthened Technical-Vocational Education Program
34 | P a g e
 Directions: Label the following illustrations of internal parts of system unit and the components
of motherboard. Write the answers on a separate sheet of paper. One point is
given for each item.

A. Internal Parts of the System Unit

1. 4.

2.
5.

3. 6.

B. Motherboard

10.__________
7.__________

8.__________ 11._________
9.__________ _12._________
_

INTERNET AND COMPUTING FUNDAMENTALS

The Strengthened Technical-Vocational Education Program
35 | P a g e
 INFORMATION SHEET 3.2

Suppose you are playing with your friends, and you accidentally hit by the ball. Of
course you will feel the pain. Since the affected body part sends information to your brain
in the form of a signal. This signal reaches the brain which interprets the affected area as
pain. You then respond by crying. This response is its behaviour to the stimulator. The same
process happens to the central processing unit (CPU) of the computer.

Central Processing Unit (CPU)

o the “brain” of a computer

o the main component of computer built on a single chip or
Integrated Circuit (IC)
o performs all the processing of the input data Image 3.12 – A CPU

The Roles of Central Processing Unit

The illustration (also referred to in LO 1) below explains how the processing of data
is done by the computer.

Input Process Output

Data is being input by Data is being processed Information is the result of

the user using input by the CPU the processing cycle to be
device shown by output device

Storage

Data is being stored as

wished by the user in
storage device

Illustration 3.0 Data processing of the computer

INTERNET AND COMPUTING FUNDAMENTALS

The Strengthened Technical-Vocational Education Program
36 | P a g e
 As shown above, the input device accepts data from the user, the CPU processes that
data, and the output device produces useful information for the user. Storage device can be
used to hold the data for a longer period of time.

Based on the distinct units of the CPU, let us focus on the processing stage as shown
below:

Input device CPU Output device

Control Unit

Arithmetic/Logic Unit

Memory Unit

Secondary
Storage device

Illustration 3.1 How the CPU works

The illustration explains the role of the central processing unit. The role of the CPU
is to fetch the data and instructions stored in the main memory of the computer (with the
help of control unit). The CPU then executes the instructions stored in the main memory of
the computer (with the help of arithmetic/logic unit). The CPU sends out the processed data
or information in the main memory (all along, the memory unit is the place where the data
or instructions are located to be fetched and executed).

The Speed of CPU

CPUs have different speeds and features. A CPU’s speed is measured on the CPU’s
clock cycles within a certain time frame called hertz. One hertz is equal to one cycle per
second, a megahertz is one million cycles per second and a gigahertz is a billion cycles per
second. The table shows the unit of measure of CPU.

Speed Abbreviation Approximate No.

Kilohertz KHz 1,000 (a thousand) KHz
Megahertz MHz 1,000,000 (a million) MHz
Gigahertz GHz 1,000,000,000 (a billion) GHz

INTERNET AND COMPUTING FUNDAMENTALS

The Strengthened Technical-Vocational Education Program
37 | P a g e
 Directions: On a separate sheet of paper, solve the given crossword puzzle. Below are
terminologies about central processing unit as hints to answer the crossword
puzzle.
1. 2.

3.

4. 5.

6. 7.

8.

INTERNET AND COMPUTING FUNDAMENTALS

The Strengthened Technical-Vocational Education Program
38 | P a g e
 Across: Down:

__________3. This is where the data and __________1. 1,000,000 Hertz

instructions are located.
__________2. CPU is measured in clock
__________4. 1,000 Hertz _____.

__________6. 1 billion Hertz __________5. 1 cycle per second

__________8. This is where all the data and __________7. Arithmetic/Logic Unit
instructions are being
processed.

INTERNET AND COMPUTING FUNDAMENTALS

The Strengthened Technical-Vocational Education Program
39 | P a g e
 Directions: Perform the following procedure in measuring the speed of the central
processing unit.

Procedure:

1. Using the same group on Activity Sheet 3.2.1, convert the following speed of
processor into what is being asked.
2. Use the following method of conversion to easily achieve the answer:

To convert:

GHz to MHz, multiply by 1,000

MHz to KHz,, multiply by 1,000
GHz to KHz, multiply by 1,000,000

To convert:

KHz to MHz, divide by 1,000

MHz to GHz, divide by 1,000
KHz to GHz, divide by 1,000,000

The group that has finished first for every conversion will gain a point.

SPEED OF PROCESSOR
KILOHERTZ MEGAHERTZ GIGAHERTZ
528 MHz
850 MHz
2.4 GHz
2.16 GHz
3.8 GHz

INTERNET AND COMPUTING FUNDAMENTALS

The Strengthened Technical-Vocational Education Program
40| P a g e
 1. On a separate sheet of paper, draw and explain the expanded illustration of how a
computer works explaining the roles of CPU in processing data. 20 points (5 points
for the illustration, 15 points for the different roles)

2. Complete the table by filling-up the missing item represented by numbered boxes
enclosed in parenthesis.

(1)___________ Abbreviation Approximate No.

Kilohertz (2)__________ 1,000 (a thousand)
(3)__________ MHz (4)__________
Gigahertz (5)__________ 1,000,000,000 (a billion)

INTERNET AND COMPUTING FUNDAMENTALS

The Strengthened Technical-Vocational Education Program
41| P a g e
 INFORMATION SHEET 3.3

A computer’s memory is like a person’s memory, the more it has, the more it can
remember. A computer memory holds data a CPU must process. The microprocessor or
CPU can only remember what it is processing through the main memory.

Data processing of the computer is just like how the human brain does. The CPU
processes what the content of its memory is. Computer memory holds data that a CPU must
process.

The two types of main memory are:

Read-Only Memory (ROM) – the information stored on it can only be read and
cannot be changed (non-volatile memory)
Random-Access Memory (RAM) – the data and instructions it holds is erasable
(volatile memory). When a certain task is complete, it clears itself and waits for
another entry or instructions from the CPU.

ROLE OF RANDOM ACCESS MEMORY

RAM is one of the key items that influence the over-all performance of the computer.
A computer performs calculations based on what its memory gives onto it to process
depending on its storage capacity. The larger the capacity of RAM the larger the CPU reads
and processes at a time.

INTERNET AND COMPUTING FUNDAMENTALS

The Strengthened Technical-Vocational Education Program
42| P a g e
 Below is the illustration how information is being processed.

4. Processes by the CPU

1. A user inputs data. while holding by the RAM.

CPU

5. While the processed

3. Allocates space on RAM
I0I0I0I0

I0I0I0I0
0II0II0I

0II0II0I
data is still held by the
000IIII

000IIII
cache at the same time.
RAM, the CPU sends the
information onto the
I0I0I0I0

0II0II0I
000IIII

MEMORY
output device.
2. Data travels as bits.

INTERNET AND COMPUTING FUNDAMENTALS

The Strengthened Technical-Vocational Education Program
43| P a g e
 DIRECTIONS: On a separate sheet of paper, complete the flowchart on how the data is
being processed by the computer (role of random access memory).

4.
1. . .

CPU

5.

3.
I0I0I0I0

I0I0I0I0
0II0II0I

0II0II0I
000IIII

000IIII
.
I0I0I0I0

0II0II0I
000IIII

MEMORY
2. .

INTERNET AND COMPUTING FUNDAMENTALS

The Strengthened Technical-Vocational Education Program
44| P a g e
 Directions: Answer the following questions. 5 points are given for every correct answer.

1. Why does the microprocessor can only remember what it is processing through the
main memory?

2. Why is Random Access Memory (RAM) called a volatile memory?

3. How does RAM influence the over-all performance of the computer?

INTERNET AND COMPUTING FUNDAMENTALS

The Strengthened Technical-Vocational Education Program
45| P a g e
 Directions: Perform the procedure indicated below.

Procedure: 1. Reproduce the table below.

2. Work with a partner in assessing your answer.
3. Use the indicator as a guide in scoring the answer for self-check 3.3.
5 points being the highest and 1 point being the lowest.
4. Use the scoring guide as a tool in assessing your answer.
5. Write the points of your partner on his/her answer sheet.
6. Return the paper to your partner.

INDICATORS 5 3 1 Total

The answer should mention the concepts about the computer

memory.

The answer should mention the concepts about how RAM holds
data and instructions.

The answer should mention the concept about the capacity of

RAM.

Grand total

SCORING GUIDE:

15 Points - Congratulations! You did great!

10 Points - Wow! You almost remembered everything.

5 Points - You almost made it. Please try scanning the information sheet again.

0 Point - Be patient. Please read the information again. This time, discuss your
thoughts about content.

INTERNET AND COMPUTING FUNDAMENTALS

The Strengthened Technical-Vocational Education Program
46| P a g e
 INFORMATION SHEET 3.4

All input and output devices are connected to and from the system unit. The
interconnection is usually found at the back of the system unit. There you can find pins or
holes resembling in circle, rectangle, or parallelogram shapes which come into different
color codes. These pins and holes are slots called PORTS which are intended for the
connection of the different devices. The different ports found at the back of the system unit
are:

A. Power port
- slot that provides electricity to the computer

Fig. 3-13 – Power Port

B. P/S 2 (Personal System/2) ports
- ports where the mouse and keyboard device are connected

Fig. 3-14 – PS/2 Port

C. Serial Port
- a connection for peripherals such as modem or storage
system Fig. 3-15 – Serial Port

D. Parallel Port
- allows cable to connect the computer to a printer(s)
Fig. 3-16 – Parallel Port
E. VGA (Video Graphics Array) Port
- allows the computer to be connected to a monitor
Fig 3-17 – VGA Port

F. NIC (Network Interface Card) Port

- allows the computer to connect to a network
Fig. 3-18 – NIC Port
G. USB (Universal Serial Bus) Port
- connects peripherals such as mouse, digital camera and
Fig. 3-19 – USB Port
joysticks
H. Sound ports
- allows the connection of speakers and microphones
Fig. 3-20 – Sound Ports

INTERNET AND COMPUTING FUNDAMENTALS

The Strengthened Technical-Vocational Education Program
47| P a g e
 DIRECTIONS: Perform the following procedure in utilizing the ports of input and output
devices.

PROCEDURE: Using Flashcards

1. Delegate a leader for the class. Then group yourselves with at least 5 members each.
2. Prepare flashcards for the group with the following devices and ports and another
set of flashcards for the leader.

DEVICES PORTS

Power cord Power port

Mouse PS/2 port

Keyboard Serial port

Modem Parallel port

Printer VGA port

Monitor NIC port

Network USEB port

Digital camera Sound ports

Speakers

Microphones

3. Now you will have a game. Flashcards on the floor, the leader will show a flashcard
and every group will find its partner be it a device or a port.
4. The group that earned most points win the game.

INTERNET AND COMPUTING FUNDAMENTALS

The Strengthened Technical-Vocational Education Program
48| P a g e
 Directions: Match the ports in column A with the appropriate picture in column B. Write
the letter of your answer on a separate sheet of paper.

Column A Column B
1. Power port a.

2. P/S 2 ports b.

3. Serial Port c.

4. Parallel Port d.

5. VGA Port e.

6. NIC Port f.

7. USB Port g.

8. Sound ports h.

INTERNET
Amirill AND COMPUTING FUNDAMENTALS
The Strengthened Technical-Vocational Education Program
49| P a g e
 ASSESSMENT CRITERIA:

1. Basic output devices are distinguished; and

2. Specialized output devices are determined.

CONTENT:

Distinguishing basic output devices

Determining specialized output devices

REFERENCES:

http://www.siprinters.co.uk/WebRoot/BT3/Shops/BT2715/MediaGallery/DesignJet_5500.jpg

http://images.google.com.ph/imgres?imgurl=http://sites.skaccess.com/speakup/_/rsrc

http://www.blogcdn.com/www.engadget.com/media/2009/03/090311-androidrobot-01.jpg

INTERNET AND COMPUTING FUNDAMENTALS

The Strengthened Technical-Vocational Education Program
50| P a g e
 INFORMATION SHEET 4

An output device is a part of the computer that receives the processing from the
computer. An output device comes in several forms, including sound, visual effects like the
display and print jobs. Output devices are distinguished from input devices in that they
display output for the user.

The function of output devices is to convert electronic information produced by the

computer system into readable and audible form for the user.

Basic Output Devices

A. Monitor
o shows the processed information in softcopy
on a screen. A softcopy is a type of information
that we cannot actually hold.
o displays images, graphics and video.
o There are types of display devices like the
Cathode Ray Tube (CRT), Liquid Crystal Display
(LCD) and plasma screen.
Fig 4.1 An example of monitor

B. Printer
o prints output to a paper or any printing material
o produce a hard copy version of processed data
such as documents and photographs
o prints texts, images or pictures created from the
computer on paper
o There are three types of computer printers: ink
Fig 4.2 An example of printer
jet, laser and dot matrix.

C. Speakers
o attached to computers for the output of sound
o produce audio data that require output devices such
as speakers and headphones to deliver the sound to
the user

Fig 4.3 Speaker of a computer

INTERNET AND COMPUTING FUNDAMENTALS

The Strengthened Technical-Vocational Education Program
51| P a g e
 Specialized Output Device

A. Projector
o displays the image on a wall-sized screen. It
is best for giving lectures to a big crowd so
that everybody can see the presentation
properly.
o shows the processed information in softcopy
Fig 4.4 An example of projector
on a wide screen

B. Modem
o converts data from analog signal into digital
signal in order to connect to the Internet
o use to give raw data to the device like
computer or telephone Fig 4.5 An example of a modem

C. Braille Screen
o a special type of output device which is a
touch-sensitive screen intended for blind and
visually impaired computer users
o combines a computer display, voice output,
and interactive functionality Fig 4.6 An example of a Braille Screen

D. Plotters
o used for printing big posters, architectural
drawings and billboards
o used in designing applications where accuracy
is needed like architectural or engineering Fig 4.7 An example of plotter
drawings

E. Voice Synthesizer
o used to imitate the human voice
o interpret text and convert text into tones
which sound like human speech

INTERNET AND COMPUTING FUNDAMENTALS

The Strengthened Technical-Vocational Education Program
52| P a g e
 Fig 4.8 A Voice Synthesizer

F. Control Devices/Robots
o control a machine or device from the distance
o programed to do certan tasks when told ether by
remote control or voice command

Fig 4.9 Contol Device/ Robot

INTERNET AND COMPUTING FUNDAMENTALS

The Strengthened Technical-Vocational Education Program
53| P a g e
 Directions: Copy the table below on a separate sheet of paper. Write in the appropriate box
the different types of output devices and their function/ purpose.

OUTPUT DEVICES

TYPE/CATEGORY NAME FUNCTION/PURPOSE

Basic Output Device 1

Specialized Output Device 1

INTERNET AND COMPUTING FUNDAMENTALS

The Strengthened Technical-Vocational Education Program
54| P a g e
 ASSESSMENT CRITERIA:

1. Types of storage devices and storage media are enumerated and explained;
2. The computer’s memory is identified and measured; and
3. The flow of information between storage devices to the microprocessor and
RAM is illustrated and relayed.

CONTENT:

Enumerating and explaining the types of storage devices and storage media
Identifying and measuring the computer’s memory
Illustrating and relaying the flow of information between storage devices to the
microprocessor and RAM

REFERENCES:

Partners in Learning PC Operations Certification Training Quick References/Hands-on

Exercises, Volume 1, Innovative Training Works, Inc., Philippines, 2007

Computer Desktop Encyclopedia, The Computer Language Company Inc., Point

Pleasant, Pennsylvania, USA, 2004

Internet

http://www.internet-guide.co.uk

http://www.yourdictionary.com

http://www.en.wikipedia.org

http://www.webopedia.com

http://www.usm.maine.edu/~acs/lab/labstaffinfo/ComputerBasics.html

INTERNET AND COMPUTING FUNDAMENTALS

The Strengthened Technical-Vocational Education Program
55| P a g e
 INFORMATIONSHEET 5.1
Storage devices, as the name implies, are hardware devices designed to store
information. Storage devices include:

1. Primary Storage (Main Memory) – the internal storage directly used by the CPU in
processing data or instructions. There are two kinds of main memory namely:

a) Random Access Memory (Fig. 5-1)

Random Access Memory - commonly

referred to as RAM, stores data and
instructions that are used by the CPU to
perform tasks done by the user.

A RAM is a module inserted on the

memory slots etched on the Fig. 5-1 Random Access Memory
motherboard.

The instructions in RAM are volatile. When

the computer is turned off, the
information in RAM also disappears.

b) Read Only Memory (Fig. 5-2)

Read Only Memory - commonly referred

to as ROM, stores instructions that test
the computer if all the devices attached on
it are working properly.

The software contained in the memory is

called the Basic Input Output System or
BIOS. Fig. 5-2 Read Only Memory

It prepares itself to load the operating

system.

The instructions in ROM are non-volatile.

They stay in ROM even when the
computer is turned off.

2. Secondary Storage Devices – used to store instructions and data when they are
not being used in memory; disk drive is a generic term for data storage devices for
computers.

INTERNET AND COMPUTING FUNDAMENTALS

The Strengthened Technical-Vocational Education Program
56| P a g e
 a) Hard Disk (Fig. 5-3)

A hard disk is found inside the computer

case which is made of a stack of rotating
disks called platters. Data is recorded on a
series of tracks that have been divided
into sectors.

Most computers have the storage capacity

of their hard disk ranging from 20 GB up to Fig. 5-3 Hard Disk
160 GB.

It is where the system files of the

computer are stored.

Along with the permanent files stored in

it, a hard drive can store files equivalent to
all the books that can be found inside a
library. That is how much data the drive
can contain!

The hard disk is assigned as the drive C: of

the computer.

b) Floppy Disk (Fig. 5-4)

This storage media is also known as a

diskette.

It is a circular piece of oxide-coated plastic

that stores data as magnetic spots.

Personal computers most commonly use Fig. 5-4 Floppy Disk

floppy disks that are 3 ½ inches in
diameter which have a capacity of 1.44
MB. With this capacity, it can contain a
fully text-sized book.

The 3 ½ floppy disk is usually assigned as

drive A: in the computer.

c) Compact Disk (Fig. 5-5)

A compact disk, more conveniently called

a CD, can be used to put both sound and
images into a computer.

Fig. 5-5 Compact Disk

INTERNET AND COMPUTING FUNDAMENTALS

The Strengthened Technical-Vocational Education Program
57| P a g e
 Compact disks use an optical disk drive
which uses a laser beam to read tiny holes
in the compact disk media which the drive
translates into digital data.

Types of Compact Disk

o CD-ROM (Compact Disk, Read-Only Memory) – a type of CD that

can only be read by the computer so new data cannot be added

o CD-R (Compact Disk-Recordable) – a type of CD that enables you

to store files on them although once data is written, you cannot
erase it. A CD-R can usually store up to 700 MB of data

o CD-RW (Compact Disk-Rewritable) – unlike a CD-R, CD-RW allows

you to store and erase files on it for a limited number of times

o DVD (Digital Versatile Disk) – the newer generation of optical disk

storage technology which is essentially faster and of greater
storage capacity. This kind of optical disk can hold cinema-like
videos, still photos and computer data better than CDs. A single
sided DVD can usually store up to 4.7 GB of data.

d) USB Flash Drive (Fig. 5-6)

This device is also known as a flash drive,

thumb drive or memory stick.

Flash drives are much bigger in capacity

than floppy disks but smaller in size while
Fig. 5-6 USB Flash Drive
offering better performance.

Flash drives use non-volatile memory

chips to store data.

e) Zip Disk (Fig. 5-6)

This is somewhat like a floppy disk in

structure, only that the size of the disk is
different.
A zip disk can hold around 100 megabytes
of data whereas a normal floppy disk can
hold about 1.44 megabytes of data. Fig. 5-6 Zip Disk

INTERNET AND COMPUTING FUNDAMENTALS

The Strengthened Technical-Vocational Education Program
58| P a g e
 Directions: Write the letter of the correct answer on a separate sheet of paper.

Test A. Match the description in column A with the appropriate storage device in column B.

Column A Column B

1. A primary storage device that stores non volatile a. Floppy Disk

instructions that test the computer if all the
devices attached on it are working properly b. Random Access Memory

2. A device that requires an optical disk drive which c. Read Only Memory
uses a laser beam to read in the media which the d. Hard Disk
drive translates into digital data
e. Primary Storage Device
3. Any internal storage directly used by the CPU in
processing data or instructions f. Compact Disk

4. A circular piece of oxide-coated plastic that stores

data commonly up to 1.44 MB

5. A storage device that stores data and instructions

that are used by the CPU to perform tasks
initialized by the user

Test B. Match the described file in column A with the appropriate storage device in column B.

Column A Column B

1. A 1.23MB thesis

2. An audio album 699MB in size

a. Zip Disk
3. 84GB of bank account information

4. An e-book which has an actual size of 74MB

b. Hard Disk
5. A 1.66 GB movie

c. DVD

d. Floppy Disk

e. CD-R

INTERNET AND COMPUTING FUNDAMENTALS

The Strengthened Technical-Vocational Education Program
59| P a g e
 INFORMATION SHEET 5.2
Computers read and calculate data as electronic signals. That is why modern
computers are called digital because all information is stored as a string of zero or one. Zero
(0) representing the “off” signal and one (1) representing the “on” signal.

In computing, these 0s and 1s are what we call bits, short for binary digits. So
computers use the binary system in order to process any data using the two states: 1 and 0.

A character, say letter “A”, conventionally has 8 bits. That is, once a user strikes letter
A on the keyboard, the keyboard actually sends series of bits (specifically eight 1s and 0s) to
be processed by the CPU and send it to the monitor where the user can see the letter “A”.

A user types letter “A”

10101010 10101010

Illustration 5-1 Letter “A” as it is transferred from one device to another using the binary system

This is also why a user who inputs data using computer is called encoder. He/she is
giving codes into the computer. The role of the CPU now is to decode the signals the
keyboard has given to it.

If a user inputs more than one character, a novel, for example, we now have lots of
bits and bytes on the memory of the computer. The following table explains size
measurements of data:

Unit Equivalent Comparable to

1 Byte 8 bits A letter/number/symbol
1 Kilobyte (KB) 1,024 bytes About 140 words, a half page of typed text
1 Megabyte 1,048,576 bytes About 500 pages of text, or one large book
(MB)
1 Gigabyte (GB) 1,024 megabytes A whole shelf of books
1 Terabyte (TB) 1,099,511,627,776 bytes A bookstore filled with books

Table 5-1 Comparison of size measurements of data

INTERNET AND COMPUTING FUNDAMENTALS

The Strengthened Technical-Vocational Education Program
60| P a g e
 So, how does it come that a kilobyte is equal to 1,024 bytes? 1 kilobyte is not exactly
1,000 bytes because a computer uses binary system which uses the base 2. In the same
manner, a megabyte is equal to 1,048,576 bytes and so on. In visual representation this may
look like this:

2048 1024 512 256 128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1

211 210 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20

Illustration 5-2 Equivalents of 2 when raised to different powers

Notice the equivalents of the number 2 when used as a base raised to 0 onwards.
There is no exact figure of 100, 1,000 or 1,000,000. This is the reason why though file size
uses SI prefixes such as Kilo, Mega and Giga, the standard equivalents of such do not directly
apply.

INTERNET AND COMPUTING FUNDAMENTALS

The Strengthened Technical-Vocational Education Program
61| P a g e
 Modified True or False.

Directions: Write TRUE if the statement is correct in order to make the statement true.
If the statement is wrong, change the underlined word or phrase with the
correct answer to make the statement true.

1. A person who encodes data using a computer is called an encoder.

2. Computers read and calculate data as analog signals.

3. In computing, zeros representing the “off” signal and ones representing the “on”
signal are called decimal numbers.

4. The basic unit of data storage in a computer is called a byte.

5. The role of the processor is to encode the signals the keyboard transmits to it.

6. A kilobyte is equivalent to exactly 1,000 bits.

7. 1 megabyte is not exactly 1,000,000 bytes because a computer uses binary system
which uses the base 2.

8. 1 GB is comparable to a letter, a number or a symbol.

9. The standard equivalents of SI prefixes such as Kilo, Mega and Giga do not apply
when referring to a computer’s memory.

10. The word “dog” conventionally has 24 bits.

INTERNET AND COMPUTING FUNDAMENTALS

The Strengthened Technical-Vocational Education Program
62| P a g e
 INFORMATION SHEET 5.3
Programs and data are temporarily kept in a computer’s RAM when the processor is
actively using them. When a user of the computer accesses a certain program or file from
storage device such as hard disks, flash drives or diskettes (examples of secondary storage
device), it is being “read” by the CPU and this program or file is copied into RAM. The original
copy of the data, though, remains in the storage device.

(a) (b) (c)

Fig 5-7 The usual path of information in a computer passes through the (a) storage device, (b) RAM
and (c)CPU or processor

The RAM is closely connected to the processor, so moving instructions from the
program and data into and out of the processor is very fast.

Processor

Random Access Memory

Fig. 5-8 The RAM and the processor are located close to one another in the motherboard

CPU
RAM
Hard Disk
Illustration 5-3 Data or file is drawn from the hard disk
then temporarily stored in the RAM while being used by the CPU

INTERNET AND COMPUTING FUNDAMENTALS

The Strengthened Technical-Vocational Education Program
63| P a g e
 If the user of the computer wishes to add, change or manipulate the program or file
then save it, it is being “written” into the secondary storage permanently unless accessed
and manipulated again by the user.
Data is processed Changes are temporarily stored

Memory
CPU
Illustration 5-4 Program or file processed by the CPU which is temporarily stored in the RAM and Hard Disk
is permanently stored in the hard disk when saved

Most computers available today have RAM capacities of 128MB up to 3GB. The
larger the capacity of RAM, the larger the amount of data and instructions it can hold. For
example, when the user boots the computer, the CPU loads the operating system into the
RAM.

Operating system
(Windows XP)
Illustration 5-5 The operating system is loaded into the RAM thus using up a fraction of the memory

When the user accesses a program which enables him to type a letter (i.e. Microsoft
Office Word), this program again occupies space in the RAM.
Microsoft Word

Operating system
(Windows XP)
Illustration 5-6 The application likewise occupies part of the temporary memory

If the user types his letter, RAM also allocates space for these data.
Microsoft Word

Operating system Letter

(Windows XP)

Illustration 5-7 The characters of the letter add up to the bulk of data temporarily being held by the RAM

INTERNET AND COMPUTING FUNDAMENTALS

The Strengthened Technical-Vocational Education Program
64| P a g e
 Directions. Answer this questionnaire on a separate sheet of paper. Respond to each
item as directed in each type of test.

Test A

Event Sequencing. Arrange the order of events by numbering the items from 1 to 5 on the
blank provided.

______ An existing file is drawn from the hard disk and transferred into the RAM.

______ An edited file is drawn from the RAM and transferred into the hard disk when saved.

______ Changes made to the file temporarily stored in RAM.

______ The file is changed or manipulated in the CPU.

______ The operating system is loaded into the RAM.

Test B

Open Ended Questions. Answer the following questions in concise sentences. Write your
answer on separate sheet.

1. What would be the effect of situations a, b, and c in the computer’s information? in

the flow of information in a computer?

a. The hard disk is damaged.

b. The ram fails to function properly.

c. The CPU malfunctions.

2. What happens to the original data in a storage device when drawn into the RAM?

3. Why is the RAM commonly located close to the CPU?

INTERNET AND COMPUTING FUNDAMENTALS

The Strengthened Technical-Vocational Education Program
65| P a g e
 ASSESSMENT CRITERIA:

1. Software is defined and explained.

2. Different types and purposes of software are determined.
3. Software development process is recognized.
4. Functions of application and system software are identified and explained.
5. Issues related to software upgrades are analyzed and solved.

CONTENT:

Defining and explaining software

Determining the different types and purposes of software
Recognizing software development process
Identifying and explaining functions of application and system software
Analyzing and solving issues related to software upgrades

REFERENCES:

Albano, Gisela May A. et.al. Introduction to Information Technology, Philippines,

Trinitas Publishing Inc., 2003

Partners in Learning PC Operations Certification Training Quick

References/Hands-on Exercises, Volume 1, Innovative Training Works,
Inc., Philippines, 2007

Computer Desktop Encyclopedia, The Computer Language Company Inc., Point

Pleasant, Pennsylvania, USA, 2004

Internet

http://www.internet-guide.co.uk

http://www.yourdictionary.com

http://www.en.wikipedia.org

http://www.webopedia.com

http://www.usm.maine.edu/~acs/lab/labstaffinfo/ComputerBasics.html

INTERNET AND COMPUTING FUNDAMENTALS

The Strengthened Technical-Vocational Education Program
66| P a g e
 INFORMATION SHEET 6.1
Computer software, or simply “software”, can be described in many ways:

Software is computer instructions or data which is often regarded as anything but

hardware or anything that can be stored electronically.

Software refers to the programs inside your computer.

Software is a general term used in describing the role that computer programs,
procedure and documentation play in a computer system.

Software provides instructions for a computer.

Oftentimes, when buying a computer some programs are bundled with it which is
the software of the computer.

A visual representation of software is commonly displayed in a computer’s monitor

when it is running.

Fig. 6-1 Examples of installer icons and installer packages of software

HARDWARE SOFTWARE INFORMATION

Illustration 6.1 A computer hardware requires a software to be functional

INTERNET AND COMPUTING FUNDAMENTALS

The Strengthened Technical-Vocational Education Program
67| P a g e
 ACTIVITY 6.1
Directions: Perform the procedure indicated below.

Procedure: 1. Reproduce the radial diagram below.

2. Complete the diagram by writing ideas you attained

about software after reading Information Sheet No. 6.1.

3. Write your ideas on the empty spheres.

4. After accomplishing the task, refer to Checklist 6.1 for

instructions on how to assess your output.

INTERNET AND COMPUTING FUNDAMENTALS

The Strengthened Technical-Vocational Education Program
68| P a g e
 PERFORMANCE SCORING RUBRICS 6.1
Directions: Perform the procedure indicated below.

Procedure: 7. Work with a partner in checking your output.

8. Reproduce the table below.
9. Check “OBSERVED” when the indicator is met; otherwise check “NOT
OBSERVED”.
10. Count the number of observed indicators
11. Compare the number of observed indicators with the scoring guide

INDICATORS OBSERVED NOT

OBSERVED

At least one definition of software is mentioned.

A use of software is identified.

At least one example of software is cited.

One importance of software is cited.

A description of software is mentioned.

SCORING GUIDE

5 Points - Congratulations! You did great!

4 Points - Wow! You almost remembered everything.

3 Points - Good. You did well enough.

2 Points - You almost made it. Please try scanning the information sheet again.

1 Point - Be patient. Please read the information again. This time, discuss your
thoughts about content.

INTERNET AND COMPUTING FUNDAMENTALS

The Strengthened Technical-Vocational Education Program
69| P a g e
 Modified True or False.

Directions: Write TRUE if the statement is correct and replace the underlined
word or phrase if it is wrong. Write your answer on a separate sheet
of paper.

1. Software refers to the programs inside your computer.

2. Software provides instructions for a computer.

3. Microsoft Windows XP is an example of hardware.

4. Computer hardware requires a bundle to be able to display information.

5. A visual representation of software is commonly displayed in a computer’s monitor.

INTERNET AND COMPUTING FUNDAMENTALS

The Strengthened Technical-Vocational Education Program
70| P a g e
 INFORMATION SHEET 6.2
Having background knowledge the meaning of software, you are now ready to
proceed to the types and purpose of software.

Software has two categories: system software and application software.

1. System Software - controls the programs inside your computer

- needed to control the operations of computer including managing

memory and peripherals, booting, transferring data from memory
to disk, rendering text onto a display device and more

- Operating System and Utility System are included under this

category

a. Operating System - directs all the activities and sets all the rules for how the
hardware and application software work together

- To allow the user to work, a user must have an interface that

serves as the medium of interaction among the user,
software and hardware. There are two interfaces emerged
on the market of operating systems. These are the CLI and
GUI interfaces

Two Interfaces of Operating System

CLI (Command Line Interface)

o In this interface, the user types in the command.

o The user sees the command line on the monitor.
o A command prompt, shown on the monitor, waits for commands from
the user.
o Examples of CLI are DOS, MSDOS and UNIX.

Fig. 6.2 A screenshot of the CLI showing the command prompt

INTERNET AND COMPUTING FUNDAMENTALS

The Strengthened Technical-Vocational Education Program
71| P a g e
 GUI (Graphical User Interface)

o This interface provides graphical representations of files, folders,

commands and programs.

o It makes the computer easier to use.

o Examples of GUI are Mac OS, Ubuntu and different Microsoft Windows
version.

Fig. 6.2 A screen shot of Microsoft Windows XP, a GUI-based operating system

b. Utility - a program that that performs a very specific task and maintains
Software a very specific part of the Windows operating system

Examples of utility software available in your system are

enumerated below:

Virus Protection – software that scans the computer’s memory,

all files and storage devices that are accessed. Its function is to
search for and remove viruses from your computer.

Disk Compression – software or hardware that compresses or

decompresses data when needed

Disk Cleanup – provides help to the user by searching for files that
can be safely deleted to save space in the hard disk
Fig. 6.3 Examples of anti-virus
software File Compression – software that makes files smaller than their
original size to decrease the amount of disk space it occupies

INTERNET AND COMPUTING FUNDAMENTALS

The Strengthened Technical-Vocational Education Program
72| P a g e
 2. Application Software - works with the operating system software to help you use your
computer to do specific tasks such as typing letters and reports,
making presentations, editing videos, and recording songs

User

Application
Illustration 6.2 A layer structure showing where Application Software and
Operating System are located on a computer

Types of Application Software

Word Processor

o used to create documents such as letters, reports, manuals, certificates,

newsletters, calendars, and specialized documents such as Web pages. Early
word processing programs include Wordstar and Multimate in 1980s, and
Write and Ami Pro in 1990s.

o Common word processing programs today include Microsoft Word,

WordPerfect and Ami Pro which was renamed as Word Pro.

Fig. 6.3 Screenshots of word processing applications. Word Perfect (behind) and Microsoft Office Word (in front)

Spreadsheet Application
INTERNET AND COMPUTING FUNDAMENTALS
The Strengthened Technical-Vocational Education Program
73| P a g e
 o used to store numeric data that can be used in calculations

o calculations can be made automatically as formulas have been preset into the
spreadsheet

o the first spreadsheet program was called Visicalc

o Recent spreadsheet programs include Microsoft Excel, Lotus 123 and Quattro
Pro.

Fig. 6.4 The past and the present. Screenshots of Visicalc (Left) and Microsoft Office Excel(Right)
Presentation Software

o used to create professional-looking presentations that can may contain text,

drawing, pictures, sounds, video, etc.

o popularly used for presenting reports instead of the usual visual aids

o Examples of this kind of software are Microsoft PowerPoint, Corel

Presentation and Lotus Freelance Graphics.

Fig. 6.4 Presenting the screenshots of presentation software.

Impress (left) and Microsoft Office Powerpoint (right)

INTERNET AND COMPUTING FUNDAMENTALS

The Strengthened Technical-Vocational Education Program
74| P a g e
 Database Application

o used to store and manage large quantities of data organized as records, fields,
and files using the computer

o structures information so you can search the database by specific or

generalized content called a query

o Most industries, schools and other large companies use Microsoft Access,
Lotus Approach and dBase Plus database programs.

Fig. 6.5 Database software splash screens.

(From rear to front) FileMaker Pro, Microsoft Office Access and Oracle

Desktop Publishing Application

o used to create newspapers, newsletters, brochures, and similar types of

publications
o commonly used programs today are Microsoft Publisher and Adobe
PageMaker

Graphics Editing Software

o used to create, scan and edit images and digital photographs on your
computer

o Examples are Microsoft Paint, Adobe Photoshop, Corel Photo Paint and
CorelDraw.

INTERNET AND COMPUTING FUNDAMENTALS

The Strengthened Technical-Vocational Education Program
75| P a g e
 Multimedia Software

o used to present data in more than one medium, such as combining text,
graphics, animation, audio and video.

o These kinds of programs are widely used by filmmakers utilizing computers

for their special digital effects. Such programs are the Microsoft Movie
Maker, Flash and Power Director.

Web Browser

o used to access and view websites and its web pages

o Examples of web browsers are Internet Explorer, Netscape Navigator and

Mozilla Firefox.

Fig. 6.6 Examples of web browsers shortcut icons

INTERNET AND COMPUTING FUNDAMENTALS

The Strengthened Technical-Vocational Education Program
76| P a g e
 6.ACTIVITY 6.2.1
Procedure: 1. Reproduce the diagram below.
2. Complete the diagram by supplying the different types of
software in the boxes following the hierarchy or rank of each.
3. Describe the type of software you wrote on the space provided
following the indicated numbers
4. After accomplishing the task, refer to Scoring Guide 6.2 for
instructions on how to assess your output.
Directions: Perform the procedure indicated below.

SOFTWARE

1 6

2 7

3 8

4 9

5 1
Description: 0
1.
________________________________________________ 1
_ 1
2.
________________________________________________
_ 1
3. ________________________________________________ 2
_
4. ________________________________________________
1
_
5. ________________________________________________
3
_
6. ________________________________________________ 1
_ 4
7. ________________________________________________
by each_group
INTERNET AND COMPUTING FUNDAMENTALS
8. ________________________________________________
_ Technical-Vocational Education Program
The Strengthened
9. ________________________________________________ 77| P a g e
_
10. ________________________________________________
_
 Identification

Directions: Identify what is being described in each statement. Write your answer on a
separate sheet of paper.

1. The most important program that runs the computer

2. Type of utility program that scans a computer memory and storage devices
for viruses to remove

3. A user interface in which commands are typed in the command prompt

4. A utility software that helps the user free up disk space

5. General classification of programs that are used to perform specific tasks

6. The first spreadsheet application developed

7. Type of application program that is used in creating professional-looking

presentations

8. Classification of operating system interface in which the user sees graphical

representation of files, folders and commands

9. Type of application used to access and view websites and its web pages

10. Type of application software used in keeping and organizing large amounts
of information

INTERNET AND COMPUTING FUNDAMENTALS

The Strengthened Technical-Vocational Education Program
78| P a g e
 INFORMATION SHEET 6.3
Software is usually created by following these stages:

1. Planning – includes discussions on establishing what will be the use of the software
and how it should work

2. Programming – writing the actual computer instructions or “code” which is then

compiled into executable files which your computer can use

3. Debugging – correcting errors in the program after doing trial tests

4. Documentation – writing the manual for the users of the program

5. Beta Review – process of subjecting a program to customer testing before offering it

to the market

6. Quality Control – making sure that customers are satisfied with the software after
they have purchased it

START

YES

Errors DEBUGGING
Illustration 6.3A flowchart showing the
? process of software
NO
development
DOCUMENTATION

YES
Errors
?
NO

INTERNET AND COMPUTING FUNDAMENTALS

The Strengthened Technical-Vocational Education Program
79| P a g e
 ACTIVITY 6.3

Procedure: 1. Reproduce the flowchart below.

2. Supply the steps in the development of software.

3. Write a description of this step on the boxes provided for each step.

Descriptions:

YES

Errors
?
NO

YES
Errors
?
NO

INTERNET AND COMPUTING FUNDAMENTALS

The Strengthened Technical-Vocational Education Program
80| P a g e
 Identification

Directions: Identify the process being applied in the following situations. Write your
answer on a separate sheet of paper.

1. A team of programmers are correcting errors on the program they made after doing
a trial test on their own.

2. Regine and Erick are encoding computer instructions which they hope will result to
software that can add two given numbers.

3. A free trial of a new Program Y was given by Company Z for a period of time to be
tested by the consumers.

4. Company X is preparing a users manual for the software they programmed.

5. Mr. Canonoy, a software specialist of Company X, visits their customer to check

whether the software they purchased is working according to specifications.

INTERNET AND COMPUTING FUNDAMENTALS

The Strengthened Technical-Vocational Education Program
81| P a g e
INTERNET AND COMPUTING FUNDAMENTALS
The Strengthened Technical-Vocational Education Program
82| P a g e