PRACTICAL

RESEARCH 2
Learning Materials
ILOILO NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL- SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL
RESEARCH DEPARTMENT

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NORIEBELLE B. BALBONTIN
ELIJAH V. ESTANTE
Learning Resource Developer

Student’s Name: _____________________________________________

Grade & Section: ____________________________________________

MOST ESSENTIAL LEARNING COMPETENCIES

1. Presents written research methodology;
2. Collects data using appropriate instruments;
3. Presents and interprets data in tabular or graphical forms.
Timeframe: 2 weeks (Q2- Week 5-6)
 Research Methodology
Concept Notes
Chapter 3:
Methodology: This part of the research paper explains the procedure in collecting and analyzing data
and also describes the sources of data.

Chapter 3:
Methodology

I. Research Design
II. Respondents of the Study
a. Number of participants
b. Participants’ demographic characteristics
c. Setting of the study
III. Instruments
a. Describe the instrument/s
b. Describe validation and reliability procedure and
outcomes
IV. Data-gathering Procedure
a. Describe the data to be collected.
V. Data Analysis
a. Statistical methods used in the study

Note:
Format: APA
Font Size:12
Font Style: Times New Roman
Point of View: In third person
Paper Size: Short bond paper

ESSENTIAL ELEMENTS OF THE RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

1. RESEARCH DESIGN. Essentially which describes the research mode.

2. RESPONDENTS OF THE STUDY. This describes the target population and the sample frame.

3. INSTRUMENT OF THE STUDY. It describes the specific type of instrument that will be used such as
questionnaire, checklist, teacher-made tests, etc.

4. ESTABLISHING AND VALIDATING RELIABILITY. The instrument must pass the validity and
reliability tests before it is utilized.

5. STATISTICAL TREATMENT. To establish objectivity of research findings is by subjecting the data to

different but appropriate statistical tools.

Worksheets
It’s time to test yourself!

Name: _________________________________________Strand & Section: __________________

Date: _________________________________________ Teacher: ____________________________

WORKSHEET #1: Methodology

Instruction. GROUP WORK.

Direction: In a separate sheet of paper, make your Research Methodology (Chapter 3) of your chosen
study. Refer to the part of Chapter above.

References: Barrot, J.S. (2017). Practical research 2 for senior high school. Quezon City: C & E Publishing, Inc
*Please detach this page and submit to your subject teacher in PR 2.

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 Worksheets
It’s time to test yourself!

Name: _________________________________________Strand & Section: __________________

Date: _________________________________________ Teacher: ____________________________

WORKSHEET #1: Methodology

 Collects Data using Appropriate Instruments
Concept Notes
Get ready to check the information below! If you have internet access, you may gather more information about them.

Techniques in Collecting Quantitative Data

 Collecting data is one major component of any type of research.
 Undermining its importance would result in the production of inaccurate data sufficient to render your
research study invalid.
 Hence, in collecting quantitative data, stress is given to the accuracy or appropriateness of your data-
gathering technique as well as of the right instrument to collect the data.

The following are the most used quantitative data gathering techniques along with the data-gathering instruments for each
technique. (Matthews 2010; Badke 2012; Thomas 2013; Woodwell 2014)

1. Observation
Using your sense organs, you gather facts or information about people, things, places, events, and so on,
by watching and listening to them; then, record the results of the functioning of your eyes and ears. Expressing
these sensory experiences to quantitative data, you record them with the use of numbers. For instance,
watching patients lining up at a medical clinic, instead of centering your eyes on the looks of the people, you
focus your attention on the number, weight, and height of every patient standing up at the door of the medical
clinic.
2. Survey
Survey is a data-gathering technique that makes you obtain facts or information about the subject or object
of your research through the data gathering instruments of interview and questionnaire. This is the most
popular data-gathering technique in quantitative and qualitative researcher studies for the researchers are free to
use not just one survey instrument but also these two following data-gathering instruments.

 Questionnaire
Questionnaire is a paper containing series of questions formulated for an individual and independent
answering by several respondents for obtaining statistical information. Each question offers a number of
probable answers from which the respondents, on the basis or their own judgment, will choose the best
answer. Making up a questionnaire are factual and opinionated questions.
 Interview
Survey as a data-gathering technique likewise uses interview as its data-gathering instrument. Similar to a
questionnaire, interview makes you ask a set of questions, only that, this time, you do it orally. Some,
however, say that with the advent of modern technology, oral interview is already a traditional way of
interviewing, and the modern ways happen through the use of modern electronic devices such as mobile
phones, telephones, smart phones, and other wireless devices.

Order of Interview Questions

In asking interview questions, you see to it that you do this sequentially; meaning, let your questions follow a certain
order such as the following:(Sarantakos 2013; Fraenbel 2012)

1st set of questions – opening questions to establish friendly relationships, like questions about the place,
the time, the physical appearance of the participant, or other non-verbal things not for audio recording
2nd set of questions – generative questions to encourage open-ended questions like those that ask
about the respondents’ inferences, views, or opinions about the interview topic
3rd set of questions – directive questions or close-ended questions to elicit specific answers like those that
are answerable with yes or no, with one type of an object, or with definite period of time and the like
4th set of questions – ending questions that give the respondents the chance to air their satisfaction, wants,
likes, dislikes, reactions, or comments about the interview. Included here are also closing statements to give
the respondents some ideas or clues on your next move or activity about the results of the interview.
3. Experiment
An experiment is a scientific method of collecting data whereby you give the subjects a sort of treatment or
condition then evaluate the results to find out the manner by which the treatment affected the subjects and to
discover the reasons behind the effects of such treatment on the subjects. This quantitative data-gathering
technique aims at manipulating or controlling conditions to show which condition or treatment has effects on the
subjects and to determine how much condition or treatment operates or functions to yield a certain outcome. The
process of collecting data through experimentation involves selection of subjects or participants, pre-testing the
subjects prior to the application of any treatment or condition, and giving the subjects post-test to determine the
effects of the treatment on them.
These components of experiment operate in various ways. Consider the following combination or mixture of the
components that some research studies adopt:
a. Treatment → evaluation
b. Pre-test → Treatment → Post-test
c. Pre-test → Multiple Treatments → Post-test
d. Pre-test → Treatment → Immediate Post-test → 6-mos.
e. Post-test → 1-yr. → Post-test

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 Worksheets
It’s time to test yourself!

Name: ______________________________ Strand & Section: ____________________

Date: _______________________________ Teacher: ____________________________

WORKSHEET #2 Identify the Statistical Test to Use

Direction: Identify the appropriate data collection technique/s needed for each Research Study by
completing the table.

I. Directions: INDIVIDUAL WORK.

Pretend you are researchers and determine what appropriate statistical test to us in each problem.
And give justification for each chosen Statistical Test.

1. You have an independent-measures design, with four conditions (varying in the amount of beer that was drunk). Each
participant belongs to one condition only, and provides a single score. Speed of ascent is a ratio measure, and we are
given no indications that the data do not satisfy the other requirements for a parametric test. Therefore, the
appropriate test is a ______________________________________.
Justification: _________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________

2. You are studying at the moment the “Effect of Corona Virus-2019(COVID -19) pandemic on the Public Utility
Vehicle Modernization (PUVM) Plans of Iloilo Transport Cooperative (ITRANSCO) Members; Input to Continuity
Plan”, and you want to measure the following:

2.1 The effect of COVID-19 on the modernization plan of ITRANSCO members when grouped according to
occupation in terms a/(an)1.1 Financial Aspect, 1.2. Physical Aspect, 1.3 Operational Aspect. Therefore, the
appropriate test is a _____________________________.
Justification: _________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________

2.2 If there is a significant difference in the effect of COVID-19 pandemic on the PUVM plans of ITRANSCO when
grouped according to occupation in terms of a/(an): 1.1 Financial Aspect, 1.2. Physical Aspect, 1.3
Operational Aspect. Therefore, the appropriate test is a ______________.
Justification: _________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________________

3. You are studying “The Association of Platelet to Lymphocyte Ratio (PLR) and Neutrophil to
Lymphocyte Ratio (NLR) on the Outcome of Patients Admitted Due to Acute Coronary
Syndrome(ACS) at Iloilo Mission Hospital: A Retrospective Study”, and you want to measure the
following:

3.1 To determine the significant differences on the admission platelet-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) of
patients diagnosed with acute coronary syndrome when taken as a whole and when grouped
according to ACS type, age and sex. Therefore, the appropriate test is a
_____________________________.

Justification: ________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________

3.2 To determine if there is an association between PLR and the clinical outcome of the patients with
ACS. Therefore, the appropriate test is a _____________________________.

Justification: _________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________

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Presents and interprets data in Tabular or Graphical forms

Concept Notes

Get ready to check the information below! If you have internet access, you may gather more information about them.
RECAP
Descriptive statistics involves arranging, summarizing, and presenting a set of data in such a way that useful
information is produced.
Charts and graphs
Charts and graphs are used to portray :
Trends, relationship and comparisons
 The most informative are simple and self-explanatory
Use the right type of graphic: Charts and graphs

Bar chart: comparisons, categories of data

Line graph: display trends over time

Pie chart: show percentages or proportional share




Basic Tabular Presentation: A table helps representation of even large amount of data in an engaging,
easy to read and coordinated manner. The data is arranged in rows and columns. This is one of the
most popularly used forms of presentation of data as data tables are simple to prepare and read.

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 Main Parts of a Table:

Table Number: Table No. is the very first item mentioned on the top of each table for easy
identification and further reference.
Title: Title of the table is the second item which shown just above the table.
It narrates about the contents of the table so, it has to be very clear, brief and carefully worded.
Headnote: It is the third item just above the Table & shown after the title, it gives information about unit
of data like, “Amount in Rupees”etc., it is generally given in brackets.
Captions or Column Headings: At the top of each column in a table, a column designation/head is
given to explain figures of the column. This is column heading is called “Caption”.
Stubs or Row Headings: The title of the horizontal rows is called “Stubs”.
Body of the Table: It contains the numeric information and reveals the whole story of investigated facts.
Columns are read vertically from top to bottom and rows are read horizontally from left to right.
Source Note: It is a brief statement or phrase indicating the source of data presented in the table.
Footnote: It explains the specific feature of the table which is not self-explanatory and has not been
explained earlier. For example, Points of exception if any.

Interpreting data
Adding meaning to information by making connections and comparisons and exploring causes and consequences

Relevance Reasons Consider Conduct

of for Other further
Findings Findings Data Research

  to information by making connections and comparisons and exploring

Relevance of finding: Adding meaning
causes and consequences

 Reasons of finding:Supplement with expert opinion; Others with knowledge of the program or target
population

Consider other data: Use routine service data to clarify questions -Calculate nurse-to-client ratio, review
commodities data against client load, etc., Use otherdata sources, Situation analyses, Demographic
 and health surveys, Performance improvement data
Conduct further research: Data gap  conduct further research, Methodology depends on questions being
asked and resources available
Note:

 Use the right graph for the right data


Tables – can display a large amount of data


Graphs/charts – visual, easier to detect patterns

 Label the components of your graphic

 Interpreting data adds meaning by making connections and comparisons to program

Service data are good at tracking progress & identifying concerns – do not show causality

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 Worksheets
It’s time to test yourself!

*Please detach this page and submit to your subject teacher in PR 2.

Name: ___________________________________ Strand & Section: ______________

Date: _______________________________ Subject- teacher: ____________________

Worksheet #3.1

I. For items 1-5. Identify the following parts of the table.

1.Whether Tabulation Makes the Data Simple or Complex? ___________________________________

2. Give Two Reasons to Use Footnotes in a Table?

_________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
3.Where is ‘head-note’ Placed in a Table?
____________________________________________________________________________
4.What is the Importance of Table Number?
____________________________________________________________________________
5.What is the Main Part of the Table Called?
____________________________________________________________________________
II. For items 6-8.
Multiple choice. Read each question carefully and write the letter that corresponds to the correct
answer on your answer sheet. Use UPPERCASE LETTER.
_______6. Explains the specific feature of the table which is not self-explanatory.
A. Footnote B. Source note C. Body of Table D. Caption

______ 7. At the top of each column in a table a column designation is provided to explain figures of the
column which is known as _______.
A. Stub B. Caption C. Head note D. Title
______ 8. Part of table gives information about unit used in table to represent data.
A. Stub B. Caption C. Head note D. Title
III. Given the data. Graph the data and interpret the results ( answer in the box)
No. of Confirmed Cases Recovered Admitted Quarantined Expired
Iloilo Province 1907 44 97 96
Iloilo City 4027 38 134 141
ro6.doh.gov.ph

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 Worksheets
It’s time to test yourself!

Name: _____________________________________________ Strand & Section: ___________________

Date: _______________________________ Subject- teacher: ___________________________________

Worksheet #3.2
Given the data represented in a tabular form, choose an appropriate graph to present the data. Interpret the results.

Province Recovered Died

Aklan 192 9
Antique 50 1
Bacolod City 4832 166
Capiz 840 45
Guimaras 131 3
Iloilo City 4027 141
Iloilo Province 1907 96
Negros Occidental 40168 133
ro6.doh.gov.ph

Spending Percentage
Housing 35%
Savings 10%
Dept 15%
Transportation 15%
Other living Expenses 25%
Total 100%

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Name: _____________________________________________ Strand & Section: ___________________
Date: _______________________________ Subject- teacher: ___________________________________
Worksheet #3.3

Given the table, Interpret the results.

Table 1: Significant difference in the PR2 performance and teaching styles of research teachers of Grade 12-ABM.
Category Mean df t-value Sig.
Research Performance 86.50 29 .628 .00
Teaching Styles 4.32 29 .907 .65
Note: p˂.05
Interpretation:
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________

Table 2: The relationship of PR2 Performance of Grade 12- ABM to the teaching styles of research teachers.

Variables r-probability Sig.

Research Performance
1.00 .993
Teaching Styles

Interpretation:
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________

Table 3: Level of Research Performance of Grade 12-ABM

Variables Mean SD
Research Performance 86.50 15.69

WEIGHT DESCRIPTION
74 and below Beginning
75-79 Developing
80-84 Approaching Proficiency
85-89 Proficient
90 and above Advance

Interpretation:
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
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 Reflection

What knowledge have you gained from these self-learning materials applicable to
real-life situation?

PLEDGE OF COMMITMENT

I commit fully to the accomplishment of the module with all honesty and dedication. I
promise to spend _______________________________(no.of hours/specific day(s) of
the week) learning about Organization and Management.

Further, I promise that no part of this module will be posted publicly, and I will not
allow anybody to have it photocopied without a written permit of my teacher.

__________________________________________

STUDENT’S SIGNATURE OVER PRINTED NAME /DATE

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