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    Ohmmeter

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    vijay kumar honnali
    An ohmmeter is an instrument that measures electrical resistance by applying a current to a circuit or component and measuring the resulting voltage using Ohm's law. Ohmmeters should only be connected to unpowered circuits. Micro-ohmmeters and megohmmeters measure very low and very high resistances, respectively. Early ohmmeters used a ratiometer design that provided a measurement independent of battery voltage without needing zero adjustment. Later analog designs used a battery, galvanometer, and resistance in series, but required zeroing and were only accurate at the scale's center. Modern ohmmeters use electronics to pass a constant current and measure the resulting voltage to calculate resistance digitally.

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    Ohmmeter

    Uploaded by

    vijay kumar honnali
    21 views2 pages
    An ohmmeter is an instrument that measures electrical resistance by applying a current to a circuit or component and measuring the resulting voltage using Ohm's law. Ohmmeters should only be connected to unpowered circuits. Micro-ohmmeters and megohmmeters measure very low and very high resistances, respectively. Early ohmmeters used a ratiometer design that provided a measurement independent of battery voltage without needing zero adjustment. Later analog designs used a battery, galvanometer, and resistance in series, but required zeroing and were only accurate at the scale's center. Modern ohmmeters use electronics to pass a constant current and measure the resulting voltage to calculate resistance digitally.

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    Ohmmeter working principle

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    An ohmmeter is an instrument that measures electrical resistance by applying a current to a circuit or component and measuring the resulting voltage using Ohm's law. Ohmmeters should only be connected to unpowered circuits. Micro-ohmmeters and megohmmeters measure very low and very high resistances, respectively. Early ohmmeters used a ratiometer design that provided a measurement independent of battery voltage without needing zero adjustment. Later analog designs used a battery, galvanometer, and resistance in series, but required zeroing and were only accurate at the scale's center. Modern ohmmeters use electronics to pass a constant current and measure the resulting voltage to calculate resistance digitally.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    21 views2 pages

    Ohmmeter

    Uploaded by

    vijay kumar honnali
    An ohmmeter is an instrument that measures electrical resistance by applying a current to a circuit or component and measuring the resulting voltage using Ohm's law. Ohmmeters should only be connected to unpowered circuits. Micro-ohmmeters and megohmmeters measure very low and very high resistances, respectively. Early ohmmeters used a ratiometer design that provided a measurement independent of battery voltage without needing zero adjustment. Later analog designs used a battery, galvanometer, and resistance in series, but required zeroing and were only accurate at the scale's center. Modern ohmmeters use electronics to pass a constant current and measure the resulting voltage to calculate resistance digitally.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
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    An ohmmeter is an electrical instrument that measures electrical resistance (the opposition offered

    by a circuit or component to the flow of electric current). Multimeters also function as ohmmeters
    when in resistance-measuring mode. An ohmmeter applies current to the circuit or component
    whose resistance is to be measured. It then measures the resulting voltage and calculates the

    resistance using Ohm’s law .


    An ohmmeter should not be connected to a circuit or component that is carrying a current or is
    connected to a power source. Power should be disconnected before connecting the ohmmeter.
    Ohmmeters can be either connected in series or parallel based on requirements (whether resistance
    being measured is part of circuit or is a shunt resistance.)
    Micro-ohmmeters (microhmmeter or micro ohmmeter) make measurements of low resistance.
    Megohmmeters (also a trademarked device Megger) measure large values of resistance. The unit of
    measurement for resistance is the ohm (Ω).

    Design evolution[edit]
    The first ohmmeters were based on a type of meter movement known as a 'ratiometer'.[1][2] These
    were similar to the galvanometer type movement encountered in later instruments, but instead of
    hairsprings to supply a restoring force they used conducting 'ligaments'. These provided no net
    rotational force to the movement. Also, the movement was wound with two coils. One was
    connected via a series resistor to the battery supply. The second was connected to the same battery
    supply via a second resistor and the resistor under test. The indication on the meter was proportional
    to the ratio of the currents through the two coils. This ratio was determined by the magnitude of the
    resistor under test. The advantages of this arrangement were twofold. First, the indication of the
    resistance was completely independent of the battery voltage (as long as it actually produced some
    voltage) and no zero adjustment was required. Second, although the resistance scale was non
    linear, the scale remained correct over the full deflection range. By interchanging the two coils a
    second range was provided. This scale was reversed compared to the first. A feature of this type of
    instrument was that it would continue to indicate a random resistance value once the test leads were
    disconnected (the action of which disconnected the battery from the movement). Ohmmeters of this
    type only ever measured resistance as they could not easily be incorporated into
    a multimeter design. Insulation testers that relied on a hand cranked generator operated on the
    same principle. This ensured that the indication was wholly independent of the voltage actually
    produced.
    Subsequent designs of ohmmeter provided a small battery to apply a voltage to a resistance via a
    galvanometer to measure the current through the resistance (battery, galvanometer and resistance
    all connected in series). The scale of the galvanometer was marked in ohms, because the fixed
    voltage from the battery assured that as resistance is increased, the current through the meter (and
    hence deflection) would decrease. Ohmmeters form circuits by themselves, therefore they cannot be
    used within an assembled circuit. This design is much simpler and cheaper than the former design,
    and was simple to integrate into a multimeter design and consequently was by far the most common
    form of analogue ohmmeter. This type of ohmmeter suffers from two inherent disadvantages. First,
    the meter needs to be zeroed by shorting the measurement points together and performing an
    adjustment for zero ohms indication prior to each measurement. This is because as the battery
    voltage decreases with age, the series resistance in the meter needs to be reduced to maintain the
    zero indication at full deflection. Second, and consequent on the first, the actual deflection for any
    given resistor under test changes as the internal resistance is altered. It remains correct at the
    centre of the scale only, which is why such ohmmeter designs always quote the accuracy "at centre
    scale only".
    A more accurate type of ohmmeter has an electronic circuit that passes a constant current (I)
    through the resistance, and another circuit that measures the voltage (V) across the resistance.
    These measurements are then digitized with an analog digital converter (adc) after which
    a microcontroller or microprocessor make the division of the current and voltage according to Ohm's
    law and then decode these to a display to offer the user a reading of the resistance value they're
    measuring at that instant. Since these type of meters already measure current, voltage and
    resistance all at once, these type of circuits are often used in digital multimeters.

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