TULSIRAMJI GAIKWAD - PATIL

COLLAGE OF

ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY

Report On
“Operating System output “

Submitted by: -

Swayam S. Satpute
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~0~
Practical no. 2 : Execute general purpose commands date , time , cal ,
clear , banner , tty , script , man .
 cal :-
The "cal" command in Ubuntu is used to display a calendar for a specified month
and year, or for the current month if no arguments are provided.

Output:-

 date :-
The "date" command in Ubuntu is used to display or set the system date and time.
It also allows you to format the output in various ways.

Output:-

 time :-
The "time" command in Ubuntu is used to measure the execution time of a command
or process. It provides information about the amount of real time, user CPU time, and system
CPU time that a command takes to run.

Output:-

 tty :-
In Ubuntu, the "tty" command is used to display the file name of the terminal
connected to the standard input. It can help you identify which terminal or virtual console you
are currently using. Simply run the "tty" command in your terminal, and it will show the
name of the terminal device file.

Output:-

~1~
 script :-
The "script" command in Ubuntu is used to start a new shell session and record
all the activities within that session, including both input and output, into a text file.

Output:-

 man :-
In Ubuntu, the "man" command is used to display the manual pages (also known
as man pages) for various commands, programs, and system functions. Man pages provide
detailed documentation and information about how to use a particular command or function.

Output:-

~2~
 Practical no. 3 :Work with multiple linux terminal and basic
commands : who , who am I , login , passwd , su , pwd .

 who :-
The "who" command in Ubuntu is used to display information about users who are
currently logged in to the system.
Output:-

 who am I :-
The "who am i" command in Ubuntu displays information about your current login
session, including your username, terminal, and IP address. It's a convenient way to check your
own session details in the terminal. Just type "who am i" and press Enter.
Output:-

 login:-
The "login" command in Ubuntu is used to start a new login session. You can use it to
switch to a different user account or start a new session as the current user. Simply open a
terminal and type "login" followed by the username you want to log in as, then press Enter.

Output:-

 passwd:-
The "passwd" command in Ubuntu is used to change a user's password. When you
run the "passwd" command followed by a username, it allows you to set a new password for
that user.

~3~
 Output:-

 pwd:-
The "pwd" command in Ubuntu (and other Unix-like systems) stands for "print
working directory." When you run the "pwd" command in a terminal, it will display the
current directory path that you are in.

Output:-

 su:-
Certainly, the "su" command in Ubuntu is used to switch user accounts, typically to
gain superuser (root) privileges. It allows you to run commands as a different user without
logging out or starting a new session.

Output:-

~4~
 Practical no. 4 : (a) Use Operating srvices(editor , GUI , file
handling.)

 editor:-
In Ubuntu, there are several text editors available that you can use to create and edit
files from the command line.

Output:-

 gui:-
output:-

 file handling:-
output:-

~5~
 Practical no. 4 : (b) Run commands to start , stop , and restart
the specified service in linux .

 start:-
output:-

 stop:-
To stop processes, services, or applications in Ubuntu, you can use different
commands based on what you're trying to stop.

Output:-

 restart:-
The `restart` command in Ubuntu is not a standalone command like some other basic
commands. Instead, the concept of restarting is typically achieved through other commands or
actions.

Output;-

~6~
 Practical no. 5 : Execute process commands – ps , wait , sleep ,
exit , kill .

 ps:-
The `ps` command in Ubuntu is used to display information about active processes
running on your system. Here are some common options you can use with the `ps` command:

Output:-

 wait:-
In Ubuntu, the `wait` command is used within shell scripts to wait for the
completion of background processes. It's often used to ensure that certain processes finish
executing before the script continues. Here's how you can use the `wait` command.

Output:-

 sleep:-
In Ubuntu, the `sleep` command is used to introduce a delay or pause in a shell
script. It's often used when you want a script to wait for a certain amount of time before continuing to
the next command.

Output:-

 exit:-
In Ubuntu (or any Unix-like operating system), the `exit` command is used to
terminate the current shell or script session.

~7~
  Kill:-
In Ubuntu, the `kill` command is used to send signals to processes. The most common
use of the `kill` command is to terminate or signal processes, but it can also be used to send other
signals for specific purposes.

Output:-

~8~
 Practical no.6 : Execute file and directory manipulation
commands – ls , rm , mv , cp , join , split , cat (file saving and
redirection operator) , head , tail , touch .

 Ls:-
The `ls` command in Ubuntu (and other Unix-like systems) is used to list the contents of
a directory. It provides you with information about the files and subdirectories within the specified
directory.

Output:-

 rm:-
The `ls` command in Ubuntu (and other Unix-like systems) is used to list the contents
of a directory. It provides you with information about the files and subdirectories within the specified
directory.

Output:-

 mv:-
The `mv` command in Ubuntu is used to move files or directories from one location to
another.

Output:-

~9~
  cp:-
The `cp` command in Ubuntu is used to copy files or directories from one location to
another.
Output:-

 join;-
The `join` command in Ubuntu is used to combine lines from two files based on a
common field, typically used with CSV (Comma-Separated Values) or TSV (Tab-Separated Values)
files.

Output:-

 split:-
The `split` command in Ubuntu is used to split a file into smaller parts. This can be
helpful when you want to divide a large file into more manageable chunks.

Output:-

~ 10 ~
 Practical no.7 : Execute file and directory manipulation
commands – diff , comm. , pr , chmod , mkdir , rmdir , cd ,
pwd , dir , cmp . (Use wild card character)

 diff:-
The `diff` command in Ubuntu is used to compare two text files and display the
differences between them. It's commonly used to identify changes between versions of files.

Output:-

 comm:-
The `comm` command in Ubuntu is used to compare two sorted files line by line.
It displays three columns: lines that are only in the first file, lines that are only in the second file, and
lines that are common to both files.

Output:-

 pr:-
The `pr` command in Ubuntu is used to prepare files for printing. It formats the
contents of one or more text

Output:-

~ 11 ~
  chmod:-
The `chmod` command in Ubuntu is used to change the permissions of files and
directories. It allows you to control who can read, write, and execute a file.

Output;-

 mkdir:-
The `mkdir` command in Ubuntu is used to create directories (folders) in the file
system.

Output:-

 rmdir:-
The `rmdir` command in Ubuntu is used to remove empty directories (folders) from
the file system. It doesn't work if the directory contains any files or subdirectorie.

Output;-

~ 12 ~
  cd:-
The `cd` command in Ubuntu is used to change the current working directory in the
terminal. It allows you to navigate through different directories within the file system.
Output;-

 pwd:-
The `pwd` command in Ubuntu is used to print the current working directory. When
you execute this command in the terminal, it will display the full path of the directory you are
currently located in.

Output:-

 dir;-
In Ubuntu, the `dir` command is typically associated with Windows-style command
prompt commands. If you're looking for a command to list files and directories in the Ubuntu
terminal, you would use the `ls` command instead.

Output:-

 cmp:-
The `cmp` command in Ubuntu is used to compare two files byte by byte. It shows the
first offset where the bytes differ between the two files, along with the line numbers.

~ 13 ~
Practical no.8 : Execute text processing tr , wc , cut , paste , spell ,
sort , grep , more .

 grep:-
The `grep` command in Ubuntu is used for searching text patterns within files. It's a
powerful tool for text pattern matching and extraction.

Output;-

 more;-
more The `more` command in Ubuntu's terminal is used to view the contents of a file
page by page. It allows you to scroll through the contents of a file in a controlled manner.

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