Scribd
Upload
86 views299 pages

Learn Python

Easy learn python

Uploaded by

Milan Kacavenda
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF or read online on Scribd
86 views299 pages

Learn Python

Easy learn python

Uploaded by

Milan Kacavenda
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 299
Pa @ python Learn Complete Python In Simple Way 1| https://www.youtube.com/durgasoftware @ python Introductio Python is a general purpose high level programming language. Python was developed by Guido Van Rossam in 1989 while working at National Research Institute at Netherlands. But officially Python was made available to public in 1991. The official Date of Birth for Python is : Feb 20th 1991. Python is recommended as first programming language for beginners. Eel: To print Helloworld Java: public class Helleworld ‘ sv main(String|] args) ‘ SOP("Hello world"); : 11) -#includecstdio.h> 2) void main() 3) { 4) _ print("“Hetlo world"); s)) Python: print(*Hello World") £22: To print the sum of 2 numbers davai 1) public class Add 24 2) public static void main(String[] args) 4) 3) https://www.youtube.com/durgasoftware System.out.printin("The Sum:"+(a+b)); 11) Hinelude 2) 3) void main() 4) 4 5) inta,b; 6) 7) b=20; 8) _ printi{"The Sum:%d",(a+b)); 9)) 3) print{"The Sum:",{a+b)) The name Python was selected from the TV Show “The Camplete Monty Python's Circus", which was broadcasted in BBC from 1969 to 1974. Guido developed Python language by taking almost all programming features from different languages 1. Functional Programming Features from C 2, Object Oriented Programming Features from C++ 3. Scripting Language Features from Perl and Shell Script 4, Modular Programming Features from Modula-3 Most of syntax in Python Derived from C and ABC languages. We can use everywhere. The most commen impartant application areas are 1) For developing Desktop Applications: 2) For developing web Applications 3) For developing database Applicatians 4) https://www.youtube.com/durgasoftware @ python 4) For Network Programming 5) For developing games 6) For Data Analysis Applications 7) For Machine Learning 8) For developing Artificial Intelligence Applications 9) Far loT Note; Internally Google and Youtube use Python coding. NASA and Nework Stock Exchange Applications developed by Python. Top Software companies like Google, Microsoft, IBM, Yahoo using Python, Features of Python: » Simple and easy to learn: Python is a simple programming language. When we read Python program,we can feel like reading english statements. ‘The syntaxes are very simple and only 30+ kerywords are available. ‘When compared with other languages, we can write programs with very less number of lines. Hence more readability and simplicity. We can reduce development and cost of the project. We can use Python software without any licence and it is freeware. Its source code is open,so that we can we can customize based on our requirement, Eg; Jython is customized version of Python to werk with Java Applications. Python is high level programming language and hence it is programmer friendly language. Being a programmer we are not required to concentrate low level activities like memory management and security ete. ‘Once we write a Python program, it can run on any platform without rewriting ance again. Internally PVM is responsible to convert into machine understandable form. 5) Portability: Python programs are portable. ie we can migrate from one platform to another platform very easily. Python programs will provide same results on any paltform. https://www.youtube.com/durgasoftware @ python 6) Dynamically Typed: * In Python we are not required to declare type for variables. Whenever we are assigning the value, based on value, type will be allocated automatically.Hence Pythan is considered as dynamically typed language. * But Java, € etc are Statically Typed Languages b'z we have to provide type at the beginning only. © This dynamic typing nature will provide more flexibility to the programmer. 7) i it Python language supports both Pracedure oriented (like C, pascal etc) and object oriented (like C++, Java) features. Hence we can get benefits of both like security and reusability etc 8) Interpreted: + Weare not required to compile Python programs explcitly, Internally Python interpreter will take care that compilation. if compilation fails interpreter raised syntax errors. Once compilation success then: PVM (Python Virtual Machine) is responsible to execute. 9) Extensible: «We can use other language programs in Python. * The main advantages of this approach are: = We can use already existing legacy non-Python code = We can improve performance of the application 10) Embedded; We can use Python pragrams in any other language programs. Lewe can embedd Python programs anywhere. 11) Extensive Library: © Python has a rich inbuilt library. ® Being a programmer we can use this library directly and we are net responsible to implement the functionality, Ete, Limitations of Python: 1) Performance wise not up to the mark because it is interpreted language. 2) Not using for mobile Applications, ©) https://www.youtube.com/durgasoftware @ python Flavors of Python: 1) CPython: It is the standard flavor of Python. It can be used to work with C lanugage Applications. 2) Jython OR JPython: Itis for Java Applications. It can run on JVM 3) It is for C#.Net platform 4) Pypy: The main advantage of PyPy is performance will be improved because JIT compiler is available inside PVM. 5) RubyPython For Ruby Platforms 6) It is specially designed for handling large volume of data pracessing. Python Versions: ® Python 1.0Vintroduced in Jan 1994 F Python 2.0V introduced in October 2000 ® Python 3.0V introduced in December 2008 Note: Python 3 won't provide backward compatibility to Python? i.e there is no guarantee that Python2 programs will run in Python3, Current versions Python 3.6.1 Python 2.7.13 7) https://www.youtube.com/durgasoftware @ python IDENTIFIERS + A\Name in Python Program is called Identifier. * Itcan be Class Name OR Function Name OR Module Name OR Variable Name. * a=10 1, The only allowed characters in Python are + alphabet symbols(either lower case or upper case) * digits(0 to 9) * underscore symbol(_) By mistake if we are using any other symbol like $ then we will get syntax error. © cash=104 + ca$h=20 X 2, Identifier should not starts with digit © 123total X * total1273d 3. Identifiers are case sensitive. Of course Python language is case sensitive language. ‘total=10 TOTAL=999 print{total) #10 print(TOTAL) #999 8) https://www.youtube.com/durgasoftware @ python Identifier: 1) Alphabet Symbols (Either Upper case OR Lower case) 2) Ifldentifier is start with Underscore (_) then it indicates it is private. 3) Identifier should not start with Digits. 4) Identifiers are case sensitive. 5) We cannot use reserved words as identifiers Eg.def= 10x 6) There is no length limit for Python identifiers. But not recommended to use too lengthy identifiers. 7) Dollor ($) Symbol is not allowed in Python. Q) Which of the following are valid Python identifiers? 1) 123total * 2) totaliz3 J 3) java2shared 4) cagh x 5) _abc_abe_J 6) def x 7) itx Note: 1) If identifier starts with _ symbol then it indicates that itis private 2) Ifidentifier starts with __(Two Under Score Symbols) indicating that strongly private identifier. 3) If the identifier starts and ends with two underscore symbals then the identifier is language defined special name, which is also known as magic methods. 4) Ex: add °) https://www.youtube.com/durgasoftware In Python some words are reserved to represent some meaning or functionality. Such types of words are called reserved words. There are 33 reserved words available in Python. + True, False, None * and, or ,no' + if,elif,else * while, for, break, continue, return, in, yield ‘© try, except, finally, raise, assert «import, from, as, class, def, pass, global, nonlocal, lambda, del, with Note: 1. All Reserved words in Python contain only alphabet symbols. 2. Except the following 3 reserved words, all contain only lower case alphabet symbols. © True © False * None Eg: a= true X acTrue J >>> import keyword >>> keyword. kwlist ['False’, 'None’, ‘True’, ‘and’, ‘as’, ‘assert, ‘break, ‘class’, ‘continue’, ‘def’, ‘de, ‘elif, ‘else’, ‘except’, ‘finally’, ‘for’, ‘from’, ‘global’, ‘if, ‘import’, ‘in’, ‘is’, ‘lambda’, ‘nonlocal’, ‘not’, ‘or’, ‘pass’, ‘raise’, ‘return’, ‘try’, ‘while’, ‘with’, ‘yield'] 10) https://www.youtube.com/durgasoftware @ python DATA TYPES + Data Type represents the type of data present inside a variable. + In Python we are not required to specify the type explicitly. Based on value provided, the type will be assigned automatically. Hence Python is dynamically Typed Language. Python contains the following inbuilt data types 1) Int 2) Float 3) Complex 4) Bool 5) str 6) Bytes 7) Bytearray 8) Range 5) List 10) Tuple 11)Set 12) Frozenset 13) Diet 14) None Note; Python contains several inbuilt functions 1) type to check the type of variable 2) id() to get address of object 11) https://www.youtube.com/durgasoftware @ python 3) print() to print the value In Python everything is an Object. 1) int Data Type: We can use int data type to represent whole numbers (integral values) Egia=10 ‘type(a} #int Note: + In Python2 we have long data type to represent very large integral values. ‘+ But in Python3 there is no long type explicitly and we can represent long values also by using int type only. We can represent int values in the following ways 2) Decimal form 2) Binary form 3) Octal form 4) Hexa decimal form |) Decimal Form (Base-10); * Itis the default number system in Python + The allowed digits are: 0 to 9 © Ega=10 Il)Binary Form (Base-2): + The allowed digits are:0 & 1 Literal value should be prefixed with Ob or OB 12) https://www.youtube.com/durgasoftware @ python Ill) Octal Form (Base-8): + The allowed digits are :0 to7 + Literal value should be prefixed with Oo or 00, © Egza=00123 IV) + The allowed digits are: 0 to 9, a-f {both lower and upper cases are allowed) + Literal value should be prefixed with Ox or OX a= OXBeer Note: Being a programmer we can specify literal values in decimal, binary, octal and hexa decimal forms. But PVM will always provide values only in decimal form. a=10 b=0010 <-0X10 d=0B10 print(a}10 print(b)& int(c}16 print{d)2 Base Conversions Python provide the following in-built functions for base conversions 1)bin(): ‘We can use bin() to convert from any base to binary 1) >>> bin(15) 2) ‘0b1111" 3) >>> bin(0011) 4) ‘Ob1001° 5) >>> bin(0X10) 13) https://www.youtube.com/durgasoftware @ python 6) ‘ob10000' 2)oct(): We ean use oct() to canvert from any base to octal 1) >>> oet(10) 2) "0012" 3) >>> oct(0B1111) '4) ‘O017' 5) >>> oct(0X123) 6) "00443" 3)hex(): We can use hex) to convert from any base ta hexa decimal |1) >>> hex{100) 2) "0x64" 3) >>> hex(0B111111) \4) ‘Oxat" 5) >>> hex{0012345) 6) 'Oxtdes* 2) Float Data Type: We can use float data type to represent floating point values (decimal values) Egif= 1.234 typelf) float ‘We can also represent floating point values by using exponential form (Scientific Notation) Egif=1.2¢3 > instead of 'e' we can use 'E’ print(f) 1200.0 ‘The main advantage of exponential form is we can represent big values in less memory. We can represent int valuesin decimal, binary, octal and hexa decimal forms. But we can represent float values only by using decimal form. 14) https://www.youtube.com/durgasoftware @ python 2) >>> f20B12.01 2) File “”, tine 1 3) f-0B11,01 la) a 5) Syntax€rror: invalid syntax 6) 7) >>> f00123.456 8) Syntaxerrar: invalid syntax 9) 10) >>> f=0X123.456 111) SyntaxError: invalid syntax 3) Complex Data Type: + Acomplex number is of the form i i Real Part Imaginary Part a+bj—— ‘a’ and ‘b’ contain Intergers OR Floating Point Values. Fai 3+5) 1045.5) 0.5+0.1j © Inthe real part if we use int value then we can specify that either by decimal, octal, binary or hexa decimal form. But imaginary part shauld be specified only by using decimal farm. 1) >>> ac0B11+5) 2) >>>a 3) (+5) 4) >>>a=340B13j 5) SyntaxError: invalid syntax Even we can perform operations on complex type values. 2) >>>a=1041.5) 2) >>> b=20+2.5] 3) >>>ezatb 14) >>> print(e) 15) https://www.youtube.com/durgasoftware @ python 5) (30+4j) 6) >>> typete} 7), 10.5, caimag > 3.6 We can use complex type generally in scientific Applications and electrical engineering Applications. 4) bool Data Type: We can use this data type to represent boolean values. ‘The only allowed values for this data type are: True and False internally Python represents True as 1 and False as 0 b=True type(b) boot Eg: a=10 b=20 ceach print(c) > True True+True > 2 True-False > 1 5) str Data Type: str represents String data type. A String is a sequence of characters enclosed within single quotes or double quotes. 16) https://www.youtube.com/durgasoftware By using single quotes or double quotes we cannot represent multi line string literals. si="durga soft" For this requirement we should go for triple single quotes("") or triple double quotes(""") "durga soft" si="""durga soft" We can also use triple quotes to use single quote or double quate in our String. Thi sharacter™ "This i” Character” We can embed one string in another string “This “Python class very helpful” for java students" Slicing of Strings: 1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 6) slice means a piece [] operator is called slice operator, which can be used to retrieve parts of String. In Python Strings follows zero based index. ‘The index can be either 4ve or -ve. +ve index means forward direction from Left to Right ~ve index means backward direction from Right to Left 5 3 4 LeTeT:fela] oO 1 2 3 4 1) >>>s="durga™ 2) >>>s{0] 3) “a 4) >>>s{l] 5)‘ 6) >>>s[-t] 7) ‘at 18) >>> laa] 17) https://www.youtube.com/durgasoftware @ python IndexError: string index out of range 1) >>>s{1:40] 2) ‘urea 3) >>>s[1:] la) 5) 6) 7) 8) 9) 10) Li)po>s*3 12) 'durgadurgadurga' 13) 114) >>> len(s) 15)5 Note: 1) In Python the following data types are considered as Fundamental Data types int complex boo! oot © float 2) In Python, we can represent char values also by using str type and explici is not available. 1) 23> e'a! 2) >>> typele) 3) 3) long Data Type is available in Python2 but not in Python3. In Python3 long values also ‘we can represent by using int type only. 4) In Python we-can present char Value also by using str Type and explicitly char Type is not available. 18) https://www.youtube.com/durgasoftware @ python TYPE CASTING & We can convert one type value to another type. This conversion is called Typecasting or Type coersion. © The following are various inbuilt functions for type casting. 2) int() 2) float() 3) complex() 4) beol() 5) str() @ inth: We can use this function to convert values from other types to int |2) >>> int(123,987} 2) 123 3) >>> int(10+5j) 4) Typeérror: can’t convert complex ta int 5) >>> int(True) eB) 2 7) >>> int(False) 8) 0 9) >>> int("10") 10)10 12) >>> int("20.5") 12) Value€rror: invalid literat for int() with base 10: ‘10.5" 13) >>> int("ten") 18) ValueErrar: invalid literal for int() with base 10: ‘ten’ 15) >>> int("0B1111") 16) ValueError: invalid literal for int() with base 10: 0B1121" Note: 1) We can convert from any type to int except complex type. 2) if we want to convert str type to int type, compulsary str should contain only integral value and should be specified in base-10. 19) https://www.youtube.com/durgasoftware @ python ® floatl): We can use float() function to convert other type values to float type. 2) >>> float{10) 2) 10.0 3) >>> float(10+5)) 4) TypeError: can't convert complex ta float 5) >>> float(True) 6) 1.0 7) >>> float(False) 8) 0.0 9) >>> float("10") 10) 10.0 11) >>> float("10.5") 12) 10.5 13) >>> float("ten") 14) ValueError: could not convert string to float: ‘ten’ 15) >>> float("0B1111") 16) ValueError: could not convert string to float: ‘OBL114' Note: 1) We-can convert any type value to float type except complex type. 2) Whenever we are try to convert str type ta float type compulsary str should be either integral or floating point literal and shauld be specified only in base-10, G complex() We can use complex() function to convert other types to complex type. Form-1: complex(x) We can use this function to convert x into complex number with real part x and imaginary part. a) 2) 3) 4) 5) camplext"10" 6) complex{"10.5" 7) complex("ten") 8) ValueError: complex() arg [sa malformed string 20) https://www.youtube.com/durgasoftware @ python Form-2: complex(x,y) We can use this method to convert x and y into complex number such that x will be real part and y will be imaginary part. Eg: complex(10, -2) > 10-2) complex(True, False) > 1+0j ® bool() We cain use this function to convert other type values to bool type. 1) bool{0) > False 2) bool() > True 3) bool(10) > True 4) bool(10.5) > True 5) bool(0.178) > True 6) bool{0.0) > False 7) bool(10-2)) > True 8) bool{O+1.5)) > True 9) bool{0+0}) > False 10) bool{"True") > True 11) bool("False") > True 112) bool{"") > False (int Gatetyee 4. O means False 2. Non-zero mean: True [Kis float datatype 1, If total number value is zero then the recult ic Faleo otherwise the result is True 1X is Complex datatype 1. If both real and imaginary parts are zero .i.e 0+0) then the result is False otherwise the result Is True Tig str dataryp ait pty string then the result is False otherwise the result is True 21 | https://www.youtube.com/durgasoftware @ python ® seri): We can use this method to convert other type values to str type. 2) >>> str(10) 2) ‘10° 3) >>> str(10.5) 4) ‘105° 5) >>> str(1045)) 6} '(2045))' 7) >>> str(True) 8) ‘True’ Fundamental Data Types vs Immutability & All Fundamental Data types are immutable. i.e once we creates an object,we cannot perform any changes in that object. If we are trying to change then with those changes ‘a new object will be created. This non-chageable behaviour is called immutability. In Python if a new object is required, then PVM won't create abject immediately. First it will check is any object available with the required content or not. if available then existing object will be reused. if it is not available then only a new object will be created. The advantage of this approach is memory utilization and performance will be improved. But the problem in this approach is, several references pointing to the same object, by using one reference if we are allowed to change the content in the existing object then the remaining references will be effected. To prevent this immutability concept is required. According to this once creates an object we are not allowed to change content. If we are trying to change with those changes a new object will be created. 1) >>>a=10 2) >>> bet 3) spraisb 4) True 5) >>> ida) 6) 1572353952 7) >>>id{(b) 8) 1572353952 8) >>> 22) https://www.youtube.com/durgasoftware pee asl0 >>> a=2045] >>> aTrue lurea’ pep b=10 32> b=10+5) pee beTrue >>> be'durga’ >>> dla) >raish pepaisb poraish 1572353952 False True True >>> id{b) >>> ida) >>> dla) >>> id(a) 1572353952 15980256 1572172624 16378848 sso aisb 35> id(b) 29> id{b) >>> id(b) True 15979944 1572172624, 16378848 6) bytes Data Type: bytes data type represens a group of byte numbers just like an array. 1) x= [10,20,30,40] 2) b= bytes(x) 3) type(b) > bytes a) prine(b[a}) > 10 5) print(bf-1)) > 40 6) >>> for lin b: print) 7) 8) 9) 10) 1) Conclusion 1: The only allowed values for byte data type are 0 to 256. By mistake if we are trying to provide any other values then we will get value error, Conclusion 2: Once we creates bytes data type value, we cannot change its values,otherwise we will get TypeError. 23) https://www.youtube.com/durgasoftware @ python >>> x=[10,20,30,40] >>> bebytes(x) >>> b[0]= Type€rror: ‘bytes’ abject does not support item assignment bytearray Data Type: bytearray is exactly same as bytes data type except that its elements can be x=[10,20,30,40] ytearray(x) fori in b: print(i} 10 20 30 40 b[0}=100 fot iin 11)20 12)30 13)40 fez 1) p>>x=[10,256] 2) >>> b= bytearray{x) 3) Value€tror: byte must be in range(0, 256) If we want to represent a group of values asa single entity where insertion order required to preserve and duplicates are allowed then we should go for list data type. 1) Insertion Order is preserved 2) Heterogeneous Objects are allowed 3) Duplicates are allowed 4) Growable in nature 5) Values should be enclosed within square brackets. 24) https://www.youtube.com/durgasoftware @ python list=[10,10.5,'durga’ ,True,10] print(list) # [10,10.5, durga',True, 10] 41) Hist=(10,20,30,40} 2) >>> list[0] 3) 10 4) >>>list[-1] 5) 40 6) >>>list[1:3] 7) (20, 30] 8) >>> list[0]=100 '9) >>> foriin list:print(i) 10). 11) 100 12)20 13) 30 1a)4o list is growable in nature. i.e based on our requirement we can increase or decrease the size. 1) >>> list=[10,20,30] 2) >>> list.append("durga") 3) >> list 4) [10, 20, 30, “durga’] 5) >>> list.remove(20) 6) >>>list 7) [10, 30, ‘durga’) 8) >>> list2clist"2 9) >>> ist2 10) [10, 30, ‘durga’, 10, 30, "durga'] Note: An ordered, mutable, heterogenous collection of eleemnts is nothing but list, where duplicates also allowed. 25) https://www.youtube.com/durgasoftware @ python Tuple Data Type: tuple data type is exactly same as list data type except that it is immutable.i.e we cannot chage values. ‘Tuple elements can be represented within parenthesis. t=(10,20,30,40) type(t) t{0}=100 ‘Type€rror: ‘tuple’ object does not support item assignment >>> Lappend(“durga") AttributeError: ‘tuple’ object has no attribute ‘append’ >>> tremove(10) AttributeError: ‘tuple’ object has no attribute ‘remove! Note: tuple is the read only version of list 10) Range Data Type: range Data Type represents a sequence of numbers. ‘The elements present in range Data type are not modifiable. i.e range Data type is immutable. Form-1: range(10) generate numbers from 0 tad Eg: 1 = range(10) for iin r: print{i) > 00 9 Form-2: range(10, 20) generate numbers from 10 to 19 Eg: r= range(10,20) for fin print{i) 240 to 19 26) https://www.youtube.com/durgasoftware @ python Form-3: range(10, 20, 2) 2 means increment value Eg: r= range(10,20,2) for iin r: print(i) > 10,12,24,16,18 We can access elements present in the range Data Type by using index. Eg = range(10,20) {0} > 10 #[15] > Indexérror: range object index out of range We cannot modify the values of range data type Eg {0} = 100 TypeError: ‘range’ object does nat support item assignment We can create a list of values with range data type Ee: A) >>> 1 =list{range(10)) 2) >>>l 3) [0,1,2,3,4,5, 6,7, 8,9] 11) set Data Type: @ If we want to representa group of values without duplicates where order isnot important then we should go for set Data Type. 2) Insertion order is not preserved 2) Duplicates are not allowed 3) Heterogeneous objects are allowed 4) Index concept is not applicable 5) Itis mutable collection 6} Growable in nature 27) https://www.youtube.com/durgasoftware |1) s=€100,0,10,200,10,'durga'} 2) s#{0, 100, 'durga’, 200, 10} |3) s[0] > TypeError: ‘set’ object does not support indexing ® set is growable in nature, based on our requirement we can increase or decrease the size. 1) >>> s.add(60) 2) >9>5 3) {0, 100, ‘durga’, 200, 10, 60) 4) >>> s.remove(100) 5) >>>5 (8) {0, ‘durga’, 200, 10, 60) 12) frozenset Data Type: ® Itis exactly same as set except that itis immutable, ® Hence we cannot use add or remove functions. 1) >>>s=(10,20,30,40} 2) >>> fs-frozensett(s) '3) >>> typetfs) 4) 5) >o>fs 6) frozenset({40, 10, 20, 30}) 7) >> for iin fs:print{i) B) aw 9) 40 10)10 11}20 12)30 13) 14) >>> fs.add(70) 115) AttributeError: 'frozenset' object has no attribute ‘add’ 16) >>> fs.remove(10) 17) AttributeError: 'frozenset’ object has no attribute ‘remave 28) https://www.youtube.com/durgasoftware @ python 13) dict Data Type: If we want to represent a group of values as key-value pairs then we should go for dict data type. @ Eg: d = {101;'durga',102;'ravi',103:'shiva'} ® Duplicate keys are not allowed but values can be duplicated. If we are trying to insert an entry with duplicate key then old value will be replaced with new value. >>>d={101:'durga',102:'ravi',103:'shiva’} >>> d[101]='sunny’ ood We can create empty dictionary as follows d={} We can add key-value pairs as follows df'a'J-'apple’ 10} df'b']="banana® 11) print(d) Note: dict is mutable and the order won't be preserved. Note: 4) 2) 3) In general we can use bytes and bytearray data types to represent binary information like images, video files ete In Python2 long data type is available. But in Python3 itis not available and we can represent long values also by using int type only. In Python there is na char data type. Hence we can represent char values also by using str type. 25) https://www.youtube.com/durgasoftware

You might also like